Career Options after 12th: What to do after 12th? [2025]

Have you ever felt the thrill of creating a skyline-defining skyscraper? Or pictured yourself as a doctor, solving medical mysteries and changing lives with groundbreaking discoveries? If these thoughts have sparked your imagination, you're in good company!

The journey after 12th grade is a thrilling time, full of big decisions, excitement, and a touch of nervousness about what lies ahead.

But the real question is: Which path is right for you?

In this guide, we’ll break down everything you need to know about your career options after 12th. Let’s dive deep into the most sought-after opportunities for science, commerce, and arts students.

By the end of this blog, you'll have a clearer understanding of what each path offers—and maybe even discover the career that’s been waiting for you all along.

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Career Options After 12th in Science Stream

Science is more than just a stream; it's the gateway to some of the most dynamic and high-impact careers out there. Depending on whether you have PCM (Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics) or PCB (Physics, Chemistry, Biology), your options range from engineering to medicine and beyond.

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Career Paths for Science Students with PCM (Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics)

Ever thought about how technology is shaping our world? If you’re a PCM student, you're in the perfect spot to explore careers that create, innovate, and advance technology in ways that can impact millions.

• Engineering (B.Tech, B.E.)
  • Imagine yourself as a problem-solver. Engineering is one of the most popular choices, with specializations ranging from Computer Science to Mechanical Engineering. You’ll need to clear exams like the JEE or state-specific exams, but once you’re in, the world of robotics, AI, and green technologies opens up. You can work in diverse fields, from automobile giants to tech start-ups.
• Architecture (B.Arch)
  • Do you have an eye for design and detail? A Bachelor’s in Architecture could be the key. After clearing exams like NATA, you can dive into creating residential, commercial, and even green buildings that are both functional and beautiful.
• Merchant Navy
  • Ever dreamt of seeing the world? The Merchant Navy could be your calling. Through programs like B.Sc. Nautical Science, you’ll prepare for life on the sea, working as a deck officer or marine engineer. This is a career with global opportunities, but it’s also a life of adventure and resilience.
• Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) in Pure Sciences
  • Want to be at the forefront of scientific discovery? A B.Sc. in fields like Physics, Chemistry, or Mathematics is a solid choice. It opens doors to research, academia, and government roles, and you can continue your studies with an M.Sc. or even a Ph.D. to go deeper into the mysteries of science.

Also read: Best Career Options after 12th PCM: Top Courses, Salary Expectation

Career Paths for Science Students with PCB (Physics, Chemistry, Biology)

If you’ve taken PCB, you’re likely passionate about the human body, living organisms, and the natural world. You might be wondering: Is there more to a career in biology than just medicine? The answer is yes!

• Medicine (MBBS, BDS, BAMS, BHMS, BVSc)
  • Medicine offers a variety of paths: MBBS for allopathic medicine, BDS for dentistry, BAMS for Ayurveda, BHMS for homeopathy, and BVSc for veterinary science. By clearing NEET, you’ll gain entry into these esteemed fields and make a real difference in people’s lives.
• Allied Medical Sciences
  • Medicine isn’t the only way to serve in healthcare. Allied fields like Nursing, Physiotherapy, and Radiology offer essential services, often working closely with doctors. These careers are high in demand, and programs are available at colleges nationwide.
• Bachelor of Pharmacy (B.Pharm)
  • Do you want to work with the latest medicines and treatments? A B.Pharm degree can lead you to roles in hospitals, research labs, or the pharmaceutical industry, where you’ll develop and understand medicines that help millions.
• Biotechnology, Microbiology, and Biomedical Science
  • If research is your passion, these fields are exciting frontiers. You could find yourself in labs, researching cures or innovating new treatments. Biotech is one of the fastest-growing industries, with opportunities to work in agriculture, healthcare, and environmental conservation.

Other Science-Based Career Options (Both PCM & PCB)

• Forensic Science
  • Forensic science is all about solving crimes by analyzing evidence. You’ll work with law enforcement and bring justice to people through science.
• Environmental Science
  • Environmental scientists tackle climate change, pollution, and conservation. You could work with NGOs, government agencies, or private companies dedicated to sustainable solutions.

Career Options After 12th in Commerce Stream

Commerce is an exciting stream for students with a knack for business, finance, and numbers. If you’re looking for a career that balances analytical skills with real-world impact, commerce could be the right choice for you.

Professional Courses in Commerce

• Chartered Accountancy (CA)
  • Ready for the ultimate accounting challenge? CA is among the most respected titles in finance. With exams like CPT and IPCC, CA is rigorous but rewarding, opening doors to top positions in firms, businesses, or as an independent consultant.
• Company Secretary (CS)
  • A Company Secretary plays a crucial role in corporate governance and compliance. You’ll help organizations operate legally and smoothly, ensuring that everything stays above board.
• Cost and Management Accounting (CMA)
  • This is the field for those who want to manage costs and optimize resources. CMAs work in finance, management, and even consult with companies to improve profitability.

Degree Options in Commerce

• Bachelor of Commerce (B.Com)
  • B.Com is the classic commerce degree, offering specializations in Accounting, Finance, and more. It’s a great foundation for an MBA or further studies and leads to careers in banking, financial services, and beyond.
• Bachelor of Economics (B.Econ)
  • Fascinated by markets and global trade? Economics opens the door to careers in research, analytics, and policy-making, with applications in both the public and private sectors.

Also Read: Top Courses after 12th Commerce without Maths

Additional Career Options for Commerce Students

• Banking and Finance
  • Want to work in one of the world’s most stable and rewarding sectors? Courses and certifications in banking can lead you to roles as financial planners, investment analysts, or bank officers.

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• Hospitality Management
  • Love interacting with people? Hospitality management prepares you for dynamic roles in hotels, event management, and tourism.
• Digital Marketing and E-Commerce
  • Digital is the future, and with courses in digital marketing, you can become a sought-after professional in content, advertising, SEO, and more. The e-commerce industry, in particular, is booming, with opportunities in top companies and agencies. Take Your Marketing Skills to the Next Level! Enroll in the Advanced Certificate in Digital Marketing and Communication with upGrad.

Career Options After 12th in Arts Stream

The arts offer an ocean of possibilities for students who are creatively inclined or have a passion for social sciences. It’s a path for storytellers, designers, writers, and social change-makers. 

Creative and Design-Based Careers

• Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA)
  • The BFA is a degree for budding artists, covering painting, sculpture, and digital arts. Careers include gallery work, advertising, and freelance opportunities.
• Fashion Design
  • Fashion design is for those who want to make an impact in the style world. With specializations in areas like apparel, accessories, and sustainable fashion, you could work with top brands or create your own label.
• Interior Design
  • If you love creating beautiful spaces, interior design could be a fulfilling career. It involves planning and designing interior spaces, from homes to offices to cafes.

Humanities and Social Science Careers

• Bachelor of Arts (BA) - Specializations
  • BA programs offer a wide variety of specializations like Psychology, Sociology, History, and Political Science. You can pursue careers in teaching, civil services, or research, depending on your passion.
• Journalism and Mass Communication
  • Do you have a flair for storytelling? Journalism and mass communication are vibrant fields with roles in media, digital publishing, and broadcasting.
• Law (BA LLB)
  • Law is a prestigious career choice that allows you to work in corporate settings, litigation, or public service. The BA LLB is an integrated degree that sets you on the path to legal practice.

 

Interested in how a BA in Journalism or Fine Arts could shape your future? Discover more about these and other arts-related degrees in our article, Career Options After 12th Arts, where we explore diverse specializations and potential career outcomes.

 

Other Career Paths for Arts Students

• Hotel Management
  • Hotel management offers opportunities in hospitality and tourism, combining management skills with people-oriented roles.
• Event Management
  • For the organized and creative minds, event management is an exciting field with careers in corporate events, weddings, and concerts.

Vocational and Skill-Based Career Options for All Streams

Are you interested in honing a specialized skill? Vocational courses provide practical, job-ready skills in just a few months to a couple of years.

• Information Technology (IT) Certifications
  • Courses in Web Development, Data Science, and Cybersecurity are popular in today’s tech-driven world. These programs are ideal for students who love coding or tech innovation.
• Photography, Filmmaking, and Animation
  • Visual media careers offer creative freedom. You could work in advertising, movies, or freelance.
• Paramedical Courses
  • From Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) to Lab Technician, paramedical fields provide critical support in healthcare.

Entrance Exams for Different Career Paths

Navigating entrance exams is a crucial step in pursuing most career paths after 12th. These exams not only assess your knowledge but also test your aptitude and readiness for specialized fields. 

Here’s a detailed guide to some of the most popular entrance exams categorized by stream, so you can better understand the requirements and plan your preparation.

Science Stream

1. JEE (Joint Entrance Examination) - For Engineering
   • The JEE Main and JEE Advanced exams are the standard path for those seeking a career in engineering. JEE Main opens doors to NITs, IIITs, and several other engineering institutions, while JEE Advanced is the gateway to the prestigious IITs. Preparing for JEE requires a strong foundation in Physics, Chemistry, and Mathematics.
2. NEET (National Eligibility cum Entrance Test) - For Medical Fields
   • NEET is the national entrance exam for MBBS, BDS, and other medical courses across India. This exam covers Biology, Physics, and Chemistry, and is essential for students aspiring to become doctors, dentists, and other healthcare professionals.
3. BITSAT (Birla Institute of Technology and Science Admission Test)
   • BITSAT is the entrance exam for BITS Pilani and its other campuses. Known for its high standard, BITSAT includes subjects like Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, English, and Logical Reasoning, testing both knowledge and critical thinking.
4. Other Science-Based Exams
   • AIIMS MBBS Entrance Exam: Conducted specifically for admission to AIIMS colleges.
   • ICAR AIEEA (Indian Council of Agricultural Research All India Entrance Examination): For agricultural courses and specializations like food technology and horticulture.

Commerce Stream

1. CA Foundation (Chartered Accountancy)
   • The CA Foundation exam is the first step to becoming a Chartered Accountant, covering subjects like Principles of Accounting, Business Laws, and Economics. Clearing this exam allows you to proceed to the intermediate and final levels of the CA course.
2. CLAT (Common Law Admission Test)
   • For commerce students interested in law, CLAT is the gateway to National Law Universities (NLUs) and other top law schools. This exam includes sections on English, Legal Reasoning, Logical Reasoning, Mathematics, and General Knowledge.
3. CUET (Common University Entrance Test) for Commerce Programs
   • CUET is a national-level entrance exam for admission to various undergraduate courses in central universities, including commerce programs. It tests candidates on their domain knowledge, language skills, and reasoning abilities.
4. CMA Foundation (Cost and Management Accountancy)
   • The CMA Foundation exam is the first level toward becoming a Cost Management Accountant. Subjects include Fundamentals of Economics, Accounting, Laws, and Management.

Arts Stream

1. CUET (Common University Entrance Test) for Humanities Programs
   • CUET has become an important exam for admission to top central universities in programs like English, History, Sociology, and Psychology. It tests knowledge specific to chosen subjects as well as general aptitude.
2. NID (National Institute of Design) and NIFT (National Institute of Fashion Technology) Exams
   • For students interested in design and fashion, the NID and NIFT entrance exams are key. These exams test creativity, problem-solving abilities, and knowledge of design principles.
3. DUET (Delhi University Entrance Test) for Journalism and Mass Communication
   • DUET is used for various undergraduate programs at Delhi University, including Journalism and Mass Communication. This test assesses language proficiency, general knowledge, logical reasoning, and basic media understanding.
4. TISS BAT (Tata Institute of Social Sciences Bachelor’s Admission Test)
   • This entrance exam is for TISS undergraduate programs, especially for students interested in social work, humanities, and public policy. It includes sections on social awareness, language, and reasoning.
5. Other Creative and Performing Arts Exams
   • Exams for Fine Arts, Performing Arts, and Visual Arts may vary by college but often include practical tests, portfolio assessments, and theory exams. Many renowned institutes have their entrance exams focused on arts-based skills.

Conclusion

Choosing the right career path after 12th grade is an exciting and transformative journey. With a wide range of options available across the science, commerce, and arts streams, it’s essential to consider your interests, strengths, and long-term goals. 

Whether you're drawn to building innovative technology, making medical breakthroughs, or pursuing a career in the arts or business, there’s a path that aligns with your passion. The key is to take the time to explore and understand each opportunity, so you can make an informed decision.

Need expert guidance on what to pursue after 12th? Let upGrad help you make the right choice! Connect with our experts today to gain clarity and make confident steps toward your future.