30 Most Common Cloud Computing Interview Questions & Answers: For Beginners & Experienced

Communicating with anyone, anywhere in the world, is now possible within seconds. Accessing information on nearly any topic is also easy, with the internet putting vast knowledge right at our fingertips. Thanks to cloud computing, this is the new reality. We can now access services, applications, and information stored on remote servers instead of just on local computers.

Cloud computing has changed how we work and store information. It lets businesses use powerful computing services online, like servers, storage, and databases, without needing physical space or heavy machines. This technology has created many new career paths. People with cloud skills are in high demand, and the field offers many good job options.

If you’re preparing for a job interview in cloud computing, this guide can help you. Whether you’re new to cloud computing or have some experience, these questions will get you ready for your next interview.

What you’ll find:

• Common questions on cloud computing
• Simple answers for better understanding
• Tips for beginners and experienced candidates

Enroll for Advanced Certification in Cloud Computing

Key Skills for Cloud Computing Interviews 

Today, cloud computing is a must-have skill as more businesses rely on it to store, process, and share data. Whether you’re new to the field or have some experience, here are essential skills to focus on for a cloud computing interview.

Technical Skills for Cloud Computing 

Non-Technical Skills for Cloud Computing 

Cloud Computing Interview Questions by Difficulty Level 

General Cloud Computing Questions (Difficulty: Easy) 

These questions cover the basics of cloud computing. They're perfect for freshers and entry-level candidates who must show a foundational understanding of cloud concepts. Each question is followed by the main points to include and an example answer in simple language.

General Cloud Computing Questions (Difficulty: Easy) 

These questions cover the basics of cloud computing. They're perfect for freshers and entry-level candidates who must show a foundational understanding of cloud concepts. Each question is followed by the main points to include and an example answer in simple language.

1. What is cloud computing, and why is it important?

Points to Include:

• Definition of cloud computing
• Explanation of cloud service delivery over the internet
• Importance in business flexibility, scalability, and cost-effectiveness

Answer:
“Cloud computing is the delivery of computing services like servers, storage, databases, and software over the internet. This means users can access resources without needing to own them physically. It’s important because it provides flexibility, scales to meet changing demands, and often reduces costs by paying only for what’s used.”

2. Name and explain the different types of cloud services.

Points to Include:

• Overview of the main service models: IaaS, PaaS, SaaS
• Key features and use cases for each type

Answer:
“There are three main types of cloud services: Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS). IaaS provides essential computing resources like servers and storage. PaaS offers a platform allowing users to develop, test, and manage applications. SaaS delivers software applications over the internet, so users don’t need to install them locally.”

3. Describe the main deployment models in cloud computing.

Points to Include:

• Overview of the main deployment models: public, private, hybrid, and community
• Description of each model’s usage and setup

Answer:
“The main deployment models in cloud computing are public, private, hybrid, and community clouds. A public cloud is shared and managed by third-party providers like AWS or Google Cloud. A private cloud is dedicated to one organization and offers more control. A hybrid cloud combines both public and private clouds for greater flexibility. A community cloud is shared by organizations with similar needs, like government bodies.”

4. What are the benefits and limitations of cloud computing?

Points to Include:

• Benefits: scalability, flexibility, cost savings, easy access, disaster recovery
• Limitations: data security concerns, dependency on internet, potential downtime

Answer:
“Cloud computing offers many benefits, like scalability, flexibility, cost savings, and disaster recovery. It allows organizations to access resources from anywhere and scale up or down based on needs. However, there are some limitations, such as concerns about data security, dependency on a stable internet connection, and possible downtime.”

5. How does on-demand self-service work in cloud computing?

Points to Include:

• Explanation of on-demand self-service in cloud
• Benefits like faster access, ease of scaling, and resource control

Answer:
“On-demand self-service in cloud computing lets users automatically access resources like storage or servers whenever they need, without human intervention. This is beneficial because it speeds up access, allows users to scale resources easily, and gives them more control over their usage.”

Enroll for Advanced Certification in Cyber Security

Technical Cloud Computing Questions (Difficulty: Intermediate) 

These questions focus on intermediate-level concepts, covering cloud infrastructure, deployment methods, and how cloud environments are managed. Each question includes key points to cover and a simple, clear answer.

6. Explain the difference between IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS with examples.

Points to Include:

• Definition of IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS
• Example of each model
• Purpose and typical users of each

Answer:
“IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS are three main cloud service models. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) provides basic infrastructure like virtual machines and storage (e.g., Amazon EC2). Platform as a Service (PaaS) offers a platform for building and deploying applications (e.g., Google App Engine). Software as a Service (SaaS) delivers applications over the internet, ready to use (e.g., Gmail or Microsoft 365). Each model supports different needs, with IaaS being the most flexible, PaaS catering to developers, and SaaS offering complete software solutions.”

7. What is virtualization, and how is it used in cloud computing?

Points to Include:

• Definition of virtualization
• How virtualization divides physical resources
• Importance of virtualization in cloud computing

Answer:
“Virtualization is the process of creating virtual versions of physical resources like servers, storage, and networks. In cloud computing, virtualization allows a single physical machine to run multiple virtual environments, called virtual machines (VMs). This makes better use of hardware, allows resource sharing, and enables cloud providers to offer flexible and scalable services.”

8. How do cloud providers ensure data availability and fault tolerance?

Points to Include:

• Concepts of data replication and redundancy
• Use of multiple data centers or availability zones
• Automated failover and backup systems

Answer:
“Cloud providers ensure data availability and fault tolerance by using data replication, redundancy, and backup. They store data in multiple data centers or availability zones, so if one fails, the data is still accessible from another. They also have failover systems that automatically switch to a backup if an issue occurs, minimizing downtime and data loss.”

9. Describe auto-scaling and load balancing in cloud environments.

Points to Include:

• Definition of auto-scaling and load balancing
• Role of auto-scaling in adjusting resources
• Role of load balancing in distributing traffic

Answer:
“Auto-scaling and load balancing are two key features in cloud environments. Auto-scaling automatically adjusts the number of resources based on demand, so more resources are added when usage is high, and reduced when usage is low. Load balancing distributes incoming traffic across multiple servers to prevent any single server from getting overwhelmed, improving performance and reliability.”

10. What is the difference between public, private, and hybrid clouds?

Points to Include:

• Basic definitions of public, private, and hybrid clouds
• Unique characteristics and use cases for each
• Benefits and limitations of each model

Answer:
“Public, private, and hybrid clouds are different deployment models. A public cloud is managed by a third-party provider and shared across multiple clients, ideal for scalability and cost savings (e.g., AWS, Azure). A private cloud is dedicated to one organization, offering more control and security but usually at a higher cost. A hybrid cloud combines both public and private models, allowing businesses to balance security and flexibility by using a private cloud for sensitive tasks and a public cloud for less sensitive workloads.”

Security and Compliance Questions (Difficulty: Intermediate to Advanced) 

These questions test knowledge of cloud security, data protection, and compliance standards, essential areas for cloud roles, especially those with a focus on security and risk management. Each question includes key points and a straightforward answer.

11. What are some common security risks in cloud computing?

Points to Include:

• Data breaches and data loss
• Account hijacking
• Insider threats
• Insecure APIs and interfaces
• Compliance risks due to data storage regulations

Answer:
“Some common security risks in cloud computing include data breaches, where unauthorized users access sensitive information, and data loss due to accidental deletion or attacks. Account hijacking is another risk, where attackers use compromised credentials to gain access. Insider threats involve employees or contractors misusing access, and insecure APIs can open vulnerabilities if not properly secured. Additionally, compliance risks can arise if data isn’t stored or handled according to regional or industry regulations.”

12. How do you ensure data privacy and compliance in cloud services?

Points to Include:

• Data encryption (both at rest and in transit)
• Implementing access controls (IAM)
• Following compliance standards (GDPR, HIPAA)
• Regular security audits and monitoring
• Partnering with compliant cloud providers

Answer:
“Data privacy and compliance in cloud services can be ensured by encrypting data both at rest and in transit, so only authorized users can access it. Implementing access controls through Identity and Access Management (IAM) limits access to sensitive data. Following compliance standards, like GDPR for data protection and HIPAA for healthcare data, helps meet regulatory requirements. Regular audits and security monitoring help detect and fix vulnerabilities, and choosing cloud providers that are compliant with necessary standards is also essential.”

13. Explain the concept of identity and access management (IAM) in the cloud.

Points to Include:

• Definition of IAM and its role in controlling access
• How IAM restricts data and application access
• Multi-factor authentication (MFA) as part of IAM
• Importance of user roles and permissions

Answer:
“Identity and Access Management (IAM) is a framework that helps control who has access to cloud resources. IAM uses user roles and permissions to ensure that only authorized users can access specific data or applications. It also includes security features like multi-factor authentication (MFA) to add extra protection. By setting specific roles and permissions, IAM ensures secure access and reduces the risk of unauthorized access to sensitive information.”

14. What are cloud security best practices?

Points to Include:

• Use of strong access controls and IAM
• Regular data backups and disaster recovery planning
• Data encryption (at rest and in transit)
• Regular updates and patch management
• Continuous monitoring and logging

Answer:
“Cloud security best practices include using strong access controls through IAM to restrict data access and requiring multi-factor authentication for added security. Regular data backups and a disaster recovery plan ensure data availability in case of incidents. Data should be encrypted both at rest and in transit. Keeping systems and software up to date with regular patches prevents vulnerabilities, while continuous monitoring and logging help detect and respond to any security threats quickly.”

15. How do encryption and tokenization protect cloud data?

Points to Include:

• Encryption converts data into a secure format, readable only with a decryption key
• Tokenization replaces sensitive data with tokens that have no exploitable value
• Protects data in both storage and transit
• Reduces risk of exposure in case of breaches

Answer:
“Encryption protects cloud data by converting it into a coded format that can only be read with a decryption key, keeping data secure both in storage and transit. Tokenization replaces sensitive data with random tokens that have no meaning outside the system, so if tokens are intercepted, they’re useless to attackers. Both methods reduce the risk of data exposure, especially in case of a security breach.”

upGrad’s Exclusive Software and Tech Webinar for you –

SAAS Business – What is So Different?

Cloud Architecture and Infrastructure Questions (Difficulty: Advanced) 

These questions test knowledge of cloud architecture and infrastructure design, ideal for candidates with experience in designing, deploying, and optimizing systems on the cloud. Each answer includes essential points and a clear, straightforward response.

16. Describe the components of a cloud architecture.

Points to Include:

• Definition of front-end and back-end platforms as core components.
• Explanation of the network's role in connecting different parts.
• Importance of middleware for integrating multiple services.

Answer:
“Cloud architecture has several core components. The front-end platform is the user interface, usually a web or mobile app that allows users to interact with the cloud. The back-end platform includes servers, databases, and storage that process and manage data. Cloud-based delivery enables access over the internet, and the network connects front-end and back-end components. Middleware facilitates communication between various applications and services within the architecture.”

17. How would you design a highly available and scalable system on the cloud?

Points to Include:

• Use of multi-region setups to prevent downtime.
• Load balancing for even traffic distribution.
• Auto-scaling to match resource demand.
• Redundancy and regular backups for data reliability.
• Regular monitoring to optimize resource use..

Answer:
“To design a highly available and scalable cloud system, I’d use a multi-region or multi-zone setup to protect against single-point failures. Load balancers would distribute incoming traffic evenly, preventing any one server from being overloaded. Auto-scaling would adjust resources up or down based on user demand, ensuring the system can handle traffic spikes and stay cost-effective during low-traffic times. Data redundancy and regular backups ensure data security and quick recovery, and performance metrics would be monitored regularly to keep the system optimized.”

18. What is serverless architecture, and how does it benefit cloud applications?

Points to Include:

• Serverless architecture as a code execution model without direct server management.
• Automatic scaling based on demand for efficiency.
• Cost benefits through usage-based billing.
• Ideal fit for event-driven applications.

Answer:
“Serverless architecture is a model where code runs in response to events without the need to manage or provision servers. Cloud providers handle all the infrastructure and automatically scale resources based on demand. This setup reduces costs, as billing is based on actual usage rather than pre-allocated resources. Serverless is particularly useful for event-driven applications and simplifies the deployment and management of applications by removing the responsibility of server maintenance.”

19. Explain the role of APIs in cloud services and their importance in integration.

Points to Include:

• Definition of APIs as tools for application communication.
• Role of APIs in integrating cloud services and external tools.
• Importance of APIs in automation and resource access.
• APIs for data exchange across multiple systems.

Answer:
“APIs, or Application Programming Interfaces, allow different applications or services to communicate and interact. In cloud services, they are crucial for integrating third-party services and accessing cloud resources. APIs enable automation of tasks, like scaling or deploying new instances, and facilitate data exchange and synchronization across applications, making them key to creating seamless and integrated cloud-based solutions.”

20. What are the key considerations when designing a cloud-based application?

Points to Include:

• Scalability to handle growing workloads.
• Cost efficiency to manage resources effectively.
• Security measures for data protection.
• Reliability to reduce downtime.
• Performance to ensure fast and responsive service.

Answer:
“Key considerations for designing a cloud-based application include scalability, making sure the app can handle an increase in users or workload without performance issues. Cost-efficiency is important to optimize resources and control expenses. Security and compliance should be top priorities to protect data and meet regulatory requirements. Reliability is essential for ensuring high availability, so users can access the app without interruption. Lastly, performance is important to keep the app responsive and efficient as demand changes.”

Read: How to become a good cloud engineer?

Data Management and Storage Questions (Difficulty: Advanced) 

These questions focus on data storage solutions, redundancy, and best practices in cloud environments. They are targeted at experienced candidates with knowledge of large-scale data management and compliance in the cloud.

21. What are the different types of data storage available in the cloud?

Points to Include:

• Explanation of data storage
• Overview of common cloud storage types
• Factors that influence storage choices like performance and scalability

Answer:
“Cloud storage offers several types of storage options. Object storage is commonly used for storing unstructured data like files and images. Block storage divides data into smaller blocks and provides fast access, making it ideal for databases and applications that need low latency. File storage organizes data in a hierarchical file structure, commonly used for shared access across applications. Archive storage is a low-cost solution for data accessed infrequently, like backups. Lastly, cloud providers offer managed database storage for both relational and NoSQL databases.”

22. How would you handle data redundancy and backups in a cloud environment?

Points to Include:

• Importance of data redundancy and backup
• Methods like data replication for reliability
• Mention of regional or multi-zone backups

Answer:
“To ensure data redundancy and effective backups in the cloud, I would use multi-zone replication to store copies of data across different regions, minimizing the risk of data loss if one zone goes down. Regular automated backups and snapshots would be scheduled to keep recent data versions available. Implementing versioning allows retention of multiple versions, which is useful if data is accidentally deleted or modified. Testing recovery processes regularly is crucial to make sure that data can be restored quickly and correctly.”

23. Explain the difference between object storage and block storage in the cloud.

Points to Include:

• Basic definitions of object storage and block storage
• Differences in use cases and data management
• Considerations for performance and access needs

Answer:
“Object storage and block storage differ in structure and use. Object storage keeps data in units called objects, each with a unique identifier, and is accessed through APIs. It’s suitable for storing unstructured data, such as media files or backups. Block storage divides data into small blocks, which are stored separately and provide faster access, making it ideal for databases and dynamic applications. Object storage works best when data doesn’t change often, while block storage is perfect for applications that need quick data access.”

24. How do cloud storage systems handle large-scale data management?

Points to Include:

• Challenges in managing large-scale data
• Methods used for scalability and access
• Importance of partitioning and distribution

Answer:
“Cloud storage systems manage large-scale data through data partitioning, which breaks datasets into smaller parts for easier handling. They use automatic scaling to grow with data needs without performance drops. Data indexing is applied to make retrieval faster and more efficient. Replication and redundancy techniques ensure data is available across multiple locations to prevent data loss. Automated data lifecycle management further organizes data by moving it into hot, cold, or archive storage, depending on how frequently it’s accessed.”

25. What is data sovereignty, and how does it impact cloud storage?

Points to Include:

• Definition of data sovereignty
• Legal implications for data storage
• Role of region-specific data handling for compliance

Answer:
“Data sovereignty means that certain legal requirements mandate data to be stored within specific national or regional boundaries. This impacts cloud storage choices since organizations need to comply with data sovereignty laws in the countries they operate. Data residency requirements may dictate selecting cloud regions that match these laws. Consequently, businesses often choose providers with data centers in specific locations to ensure compliance. Data sovereignty laws are crucial for data privacy and security, as they enforce additional protections through regional control.”

Cloud Infrastructure and Operations (Difficulty: Intermediate to Advanced)

In cloud computing, infrastructure and operations are crucial in maintaining efficient, scalable, and reliable environments. Understanding the underlying structure and functions, including cloud types, data availability, auto-scaling, and disaster recovery, is key for cloud professionals. These questions cover essential concepts needed to manage and optimize cloud environments.

26. What are the key differences between public, private, and hybrid clouds?

Points to Include:

• Brief overview of each cloud type
• Key differences in security, cost, and control
• Example scenarios for each type

Answer:
“Public, private, and hybrid clouds differ in structure and use. Public clouds are provided over the internet by third parties, making them scalable and cost-effective but shared among multiple users. Private clouds are dedicated to a single organization, providing higher security and custom settings. Hybrid clouds combine public and private elements, allowing data and applications to move between them, balancing flexibility and security. Public clouds suit scalable apps, private clouds handle sensitive data, and hybrid clouds meet flexible needs.”

27. Explain auto-scaling and load balancing in cloud environments.

Points to Include:

• Definitions of auto-scaling and load balancing
• Role in managing traffic and workload
• Examples of how each supports stability and performance

Answer:
“Auto-scaling automatically adjusts the number of resources based on demand, keeping applications running smoothly without manual intervention. Load balancing spreads incoming traffic across multiple servers, preventing any single server from being overloaded. Together, they ensure application reliability, manageability, and scalability. Auto-scaling helps handle traffic spikes, and load balancing maintains even distribution for seamless access.”

28. What is the role of containers and Kubernetes in cloud infrastructure?

Points to Include:

• Definition of containers for lightweight virtualization
• Kubernetes for container management and scaling
• Advantages of using containers in cloud deployment

Answer:
“Containers are portable units that package applications with all dependencies, making them easy to deploy consistently across different environments. Kubernetes is an orchestration tool that manages these containers, automating deployment, scaling, and operations across clusters. Containers allow rapid scaling and deployment, ideal for microservices, while Kubernetes simplifies large-scale container management, improving efficiency and scalability.”

29. How does cloud computing support disaster recovery?

Points to Include:

• Overview of disaster recovery in the cloud
• Use of replication and backups
• Benefits of rapid recovery and failover options

Answer:
“Cloud computing supports disaster recovery by replicating data across multiple regions, so copies are available if there’s an outage. Automated recovery tools help retrieve data quickly, reducing downtime and minimizing disruption. It’s also cost-effective, as it eliminates the need for physical backup sites. Cloud environments allow flexible recovery strategies, and many providers offer simulated drills to test and prepare for disaster recovery scenarios.”

30. What is the Difference Between Rolling Deployment and Blue-Green Deployment?

Emerging Trends in Cloud Computing 

These trends show the skills that cloud professionals need to focus on to stay up-to-date with the field:

Tips for Succeeding in Cloud Computing Interviews 

Getting ready for a cloud computing interview? Here are some practical tips to help you prepare, stay confident, and present your skills effectively.

• Understand the Basics First
  Review key concepts like cloud service models (IaaS, PaaS, SaaS), deployment models (public, private, hybrid), and common terms like scalability, elasticity, and virtualization. Many interviews start with these foundational questions to gauge your knowledge.
• Highlight Hands-On Experience
  Be prepared to discuss specific projects where you worked on cloud solutions. Mention the tools and platforms you used, the challenges you faced, and how you solved them. Showcasing hands-on experience makes a big impression!
• Use the STAR Method for Scenario-Based Questions
  When you’re asked scenario-based questions, try using the STAR method:
  • Situation – Describe the scenario.
  • Task – What was your objective?
  • Action – Explain what you did.
  • Result – Share the outcome.
    This helps you structure your answers and highlight your problem-solving skills.
• Stay Up-to-Date on Cloud Trends
  Interviewers often appreciate candidates who keep up with trends and new technologies. Spend time reading cloud blogs, exploring recent updates from providers like AWS, Azure, or Google Cloud, and joining cloud communities.
• Showcase Your Soft Skills Too
  Cloud roles often require teamwork and communication skills, especially for cross-functional projects. Mention times you collaborated with teams, communicated cloud concepts to non-technical stakeholders, or solved problems as a group.
• Bring Examples of Problem-Solving
  Cloud projects come with unique challenges, so be ready with examples where you solved a problem or improved an existing setup. It could be anything from setting up disaster recovery to optimizing storage costs. Practical examples show that you’re adaptable and solution-oriented.
• Ask Thoughtful Questions
  Don’t forget to ask questions when it’s your turn. Show interest in the company’s cloud setup, ask about the tools they use, or inquire about the team’s approach to cloud security. This shows that you’re genuinely interested in the role and thinking about how you’d contribute.

How upGrad’s Cloud Computing Course Prepares You for Interviews 

Stage 1: Core Cloud Knowledge

• Learn foundational topics like IaaS, PaaS, SaaS
• Understand deployment models & cloud security essentials

Stage 2: Build Your Project Portfolio

• Create real-world projects (multi-cloud setup, AWS auto-scaling)
• Gain hands-on skills and showcase work in your portfolio

Stage 3: Mock Interviews & Career Coaching

• Practice with mock interviews on complex scenarios
• 6655b1f775a4dd0631b68caf

Get ready to excel in cloud computing interviews! Explore upGrad’s courses today.

Unlock top-notch software engineering skills with our industry-aligned courses designed to elevate your career.

Master the most sought-after software development skills that employers are looking for and stay ahead in the tech industry.

Get started on your tech journey with our free software development courses—no cost, just pure learning!

Dive into our most popular software articles packed with insights, tips, and the latest industry trends to boost your knowledge!