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  • What is Clustering in Machine Learning and Different Types of Clustering Methods

What is Clustering in Machine Learning and Different Types of Clustering Methods

Updated on 14 May, 2024

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• 16 min read
Rohit Sharma

Rohit Sharma

What is Clustering in Machine Learning and Different Types of Clustering Methods

Imagine you’re in a conversation with your organization’s Chief Marketing Officer. The company aims to gain deeper insights into its customers using data to drive business objectives and enhance customer experiences. This is where clustering, or grouping similar data points, comes into play. Clustering facilitates the organization of data into understandable structures. Particularly with the influx of big data, clustering is invaluable. It not only structures data but also aids in informed decision-making. Essentially, clustering groups diverse data types together based on common factors and parameters. Wondering, “What is clustering?” and different types of clustering methods are available, each designed to expedite and simplify the process, let’s delve deeper into what clustering entails. 

In this article, I’ll explain clustering and its types. Let’s explore the different methods of clustering below. 

  1. Density-Based Clustering
  2. DBSCAN (Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise)
  3. OPTICS (Ordering Points to Identify Clustering Structure)
  4. HDBSCAN (Hierarchical Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise)
  5. Hierarchical Clustering
  6. Fuzzy Clustering
  7. Partitioning Clustering
  8. PAM (Partitioning Around Medoids)
  9. Grid-Based Clustering

Read the full article to know more.

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What is Clustering in Data Mining/Machine Learning?

Clustering is a type of unsupervised learning method of machine learning. In the unsupervised learning method, the inferences are drawn from the data sets which do not contain labelled output variable. It is an exploratory data analysis technique that allows us to analyze the multivariate data sets.

Clustering is a task of dividing the data sets into a certain number of clusters in such a manner that the data points belonging to a cluster have similar characteristics. Clusters are nothing but the grouping of data points such that the distance between the data points within the clusters is minimal. Clustering is done to segregate the groups with similar traits.

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In other words, the clusters are regions where the density of similar data points is high. It is generally used for the analysis of the data set, to find insightful data among huge data sets and draw inferences from it. Generally, the clusters are seen in a spherical shape, but it is not necessary as the clusters can be of any shape. Learn about clustering and more data science concepts in our data science online course. 

It depends on the type of algorithm we use which decides how the clusters will be created. The inferences that need to be drawn from the data sets also depend upon the user as there is no criterion for good clustering.

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What is clustering and its types?

Clustering is a technique used in machine learning to group similar objects into sets called clusters. The main types of clustering algorithms are K-means, Hierarchical, and Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN). Each type has distinct methods for grouping data based on similarity measures.

What is Clustering in AI & Why Clustering? 

We have explored what is clustering, and now we have to see why we should prefer clustering. Let us understand some of them: 

  •  Pattern Recognition: Clustering is a method that allows Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) to detect complex patterns from data through grouping similar instances. This is especially timely in applications where it plays a significant role in identifying relationships and structures within the dataset, enabling this network to generalize from these patterns. 
  •  Dimensionality Reduction: Clustering helps in the dimensionality reduction of high-dimensional data. It assists in identifying pertinent characteristics and acts to eliminate problems accompanied by the curse of dimensionality. The neural network becomes efficient in computation because it will concentrate only on important information. 
  •  Data Understanding: Cluster computing helps group objects based on similarity index. Grouping helps to see patterns and subtleties of distribution analytically. This insight is important because it informs the modelling of neural network architectures and helps developers establish suitable training regimes that can be used to match particular data with a model. 
  •  Feature Selection: Clustering helps find the solid features for all individuals on a corresponding cluster. In these regards, this approach is practical in feature selection, where it helps the neural network to concentrate on significant aspects of data during training, hence improving model performance. 

What are the types of Clustering Methods?

Clustering itself can be categorized into two types viz. Hard Clustering and Soft Clustering. In hard clustering, one data point can belong to one cluster only. But in soft clustering, the output provided is a probability likelihood of a data point belonging to each of the pre-defined numbers of clusters.

Density-Based Clustering

In this method, the clusters are created based upon the density of the data points which are represented in the data space. The regions that become dense due to the huge number of data points residing in that region are considered as clusters.

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The data points in the sparse region (the region where the data points are very less) are considered as noise or outliers. The clusters created in these methods can be of arbitrary shape. Following are the examples of Density-based clustering algorithms:

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DBSCAN (Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise)

DBSCAN groups data points together based on the distance metric. It follows the criterion for a minimum number of data points. It can discover clusters of different shapes and sizes from a large amount of data, which is containing noise and outliers.It takes two parameters – eps and minimum points. Eps indicates how close the data points should be to be considered as neighbors. The criterion for minimum points should be completed to consider that region as a dense region.

OPTICS (Ordering Points to Identify Clustering Structure)

OPTICS follows a similar process as DBSCAN but overcomes one of its drawbacks, i.e. inability to form clusters from data of arbitrary density. It considers two more parameters which are core distance and reachability distance. Core distance indicates whether the data point being considered is core or not by setting a minimum value for it.

Reachability distance is the maximum of core distance and the value of distance metric that is used for calculating the distance among two data points. One thing to consider about reachability distance is that its value remains not defined if one of the data points is a core point.

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HDBSCAN (Hierarchical Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise)

HDBSCAN is a density-based clustering method that extends the DBSCAN methodology by converting it to a hierarchical clustering algorithm.

Hierarchical Clustering

Hierarchical Clustering groups (Agglomerative or also called as Bottom-Up Approach) or divides (Divisive or also called as Top-Down Approach) the clusters based on the distance metrics.


 

In agglomerative clustering, initially, each data point acts as a cluster, and then it groups the clusters one by one. This comes under in one of the most sought-after clustering methods.

Divisive is the opposite of Agglomerative, it starts off with all the points into one cluster and divides them to create more clusters. These algorithms create a distance matrix of all the existing clusters and perform the linkage between the clusters depending on the criteria of the linkage. The clustering of the data points is represented by using a dendrogram. There are different types of linkages: –

o    Single Linkage: – In single linkage the distance between the two clusters is the shortest distance between points in those two clusters.

o   Complete Linkage: – In complete linkage, the distance between the two clusters is the farthest distance between points in those two clusters.

o   Average Linkage: – In average linkage the distance between the two clusters is the average distance of every point in the cluster with every point in another cluster.

Read: Common Examples of Data Mining.

Fuzzy Clustering

In fuzzy clustering, the assignment of the data points in any of the clusters is not decisive. Here, one data point can belong to more than one cluster. It provides the outcome as the probability of the data point belonging to each of the clusters. One of the algorithms used in fuzzy clustering is Fuzzy c-means clustering.

This algorithm is similar in approach to the K-Means clustering. It differs in the parameters involved in the computation,  like fuzzifier and membership values. In this type of clustering method, each data point can belong to more than one cluster.  This clustering technique allocates membership values to each image point correlated to each cluster center based on the distance between the cluster center and the image point.

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Partitioning Clustering

This method is one of the most popular choices for analysts to create clusters. In partitioning clustering, the clusters are partitioned based upon the characteristics of the data points. We need to specify the number of clusters to be created for this clustering method. These clustering algorithms follow an iterative process to reassign the data points between clusters based upon the distance. The algorithms that fall into this category are as follows: –

o   K-Means Clustering: – K-Means clustering is one of the most widely used algorithms. It partitions the data points into k clusters based upon the distance metric used for the clustering. The value of ‘k’ is to be defined by the user. The distance is calculated between the data points and the centroids of the clusters.

  • K-means clustering is a type of unsupervised learning used when you have unlabeled data (i.e., data without defined categories or groups). This algorithm aims to find groups in the data, with the number of groups represented by the variable K. In this clustering method, the number of clusters found from the data is denoted by the letter ‘K.’

 The data point which is closest to the centroid of the cluster gets assigned to that cluster. After an iteration, it computes the centroids of those clusters again and the process continues until a pre-defined number of iterations are completed or when the centroids of the clusters do not change after an iteration.

It is a very computationally expensive algorithm as it computes the distance of every data point with the centroids of all the clusters at each iteration. This makes it difficult for implementing the same for huge data sets.

PAM (Partitioning Around Medoids)

 This algorithm is also called as k-medoid algorithm. It is also similar in process to the K-means clustering algorithm with the difference being in the assignment of the center of the cluster. In PAM, the medoid of the cluster has to be an input data point while this is not true for K-means clustering as the average of all the data points in a cluster may not belong to an input data point.

o   CLARA (Clustering Large Applications): – CLARA is an extension to the PAM algorithm where the computation time has been reduced to make it perform better for large data sets.

It arbitrarily selects a portion of data from the whole data set, as a representative of the actual data. It applies the PAM algorithm to multiple samples of the data and chooses the best clusters from a number of iterations. It uses only random samples of the input data (instead of the entire dataset) and computes the best medoids in those samples. It works better than K-Medoids for crowded datasets. It is intended to reduce the computation time in the case of a large data set.

Also Read: Data Mining Algorithms You Should Know

Grid-Based Clustering

In grid-based clustering, the data set is represented into a grid structure which comprises of grids (also called cells). The overall approach in the algorithms of this method differs from the rest of the algorithms.

They are more concerned with the value space surrounding the data points rather than the data points themselves. One of the greatest advantages of these algorithms is its reduction in computational complexity. This makes it appropriate for dealing with humongous data sets.

After partitioning the data sets into cells, it computes the density of the cells which helps in identifying the clusters. A few algorithms based on grid-based clustering are as follows: –

o   STING (Statistical Information Grid Approach): – In STING, the data set is divided recursively in a hierarchical manner. Each cell is further sub-divided into a different number of cells. It captures the statistical measures of the cells which helps in answering the queries in a small amount of time. Each cell is divided into a different number of cells. Thereafter, the statistical measures of the cell are collected, which helps answer the query as quickly as possible.

o   WaveCluster: – In this algorithm, the data space is represented in form of wavelets. The data space composes an n-dimensional signal which helps in identifying the clusters. The parts of the signal with a lower frequency and high amplitude indicate that the data points are concentrated. These regions are identified as clusters by the algorithm. The parts of the signal where the frequency high represents the boundaries of the clusters. It could use a wavelet transformation to change the original feature space to find dense domains in the transformed space. For more details, you can refer to this paper.

o   CLIQUE (Clustering in Quest): – CLIQUE is a combination of density-based and grid-based clustering algorithm. It partitions the data space and identifies the sub-spaces using the Apriori principle. It identifies the clusters by calculating the densities of the cells. It can find clusters of any shape and is able to find any number of clusters in any number of dimensions, where the number is not predetermined by a parameter. It outperforms K-means, DBSCAN, and Farthest First in both execution, time, and accuracy.

Applications of Clustering in Different Fields 

Let us understand some applications of clustering in various fields: 

  • Marketing and Customer Segmentation: 

Clustering, as far as marketing is concerned, plays a very crucial role in customer segmentation so that business organizations will be able to know the different needs of customers. Through segmentation, by which customers are grouped according to common characteristics, marketing strategies can be customized for particular segments of the market.  

The result is more efficient communication, individual promotion campaigns, and satisfied customers. For example, an e-commerce platform can segment customers according to their previous transactions and, therefore deliver advertisements that are targeted or improve the experience of shopping. 

  • Healthcare: 

What does clustering mean in healthcare? We know that healthcare is essential in-patient stratification, especially regarding healthcare. Classifying patients based on similar medical profiles helps healthcare providers provide personalized treatment plans for cases, predict outcomes of diseases, and identify appropriate clinical trial candidates. 

 His use of clustering addresses the idea behind personalized medicine—treatments that are implemented with respect to specific characteristics and features of a patient, which leads to enhancing care for patients as well as improving outcomes. 

  •  Image and Pattern Recognition: 

Clustering plays a fundamental role in image analysis and pattern recognition. In the field of image processing, it tends to associate similar images together which makes it relevant in various applications such as object recognition and segmentation etc.  

 The utility of pattern recognition can be seen in handwriting, speech, and computer vision, whereby it is possible to discover similar patterns from which a unique algorithm gets the prospect that if such kinds derived have successful outcomes, then indeed, should help solve classification problems at hand. 

  •  Anomaly Detection in Cybersecurity: 

Clustering is an essential element of anomaly detection to carry out a cyber security initiative. Through the development of groups with expected patterns, any indication outside these characteristics can thus raise the alarm as a possible cyber threat. This step alerts organizations to ensure they don’t suffer from security breaches that could interfere with secretive data and the integrity of digital systems. 

  •  Document Classification and Information Retrieval: 

The use of text clustering is widespread in document classification and information retrieval. Clustering mainly groups together documents with the same or similar content – as is desirable in text mining for subsequent organization and retrieval purposes. This application has applications in information retrieval systems that enable users to find the most appropriate document and associated tasks, including document summarization and sentiment analysis. 

  •  Social Network Analysis: 

Cluster computing is the supporting technique of social network analysis, which helps communities or groups catch people to bind together due to similarity. Such information is beneficial for marketing purposes, content recommendation, and understanding the dynamics of social networks. By allowing for the clustering of social media sites, platforms are able to generate individualized benefits that limit those already and be given, fostering better engagement and overall experiences while using networking. 

End Notes

I’ve provided an overview of clustering and its different methods in this article, showcasing some practical examples. It’s a helpful starting point for anyone looking to understand clustering better. 

Each clustering method has strengths and limitations, making them suitable for specific types of data sets. Factors like hardware specifications and algorithm complexity also influence data analysis outcomes. 

As an analyst, I’ve learned that selecting the correct algorithm for a given scenario is crucial. There’s no one-size-fits-all solution in machine learning. That’s why it’s essential to experiment and immerse yourself in the clustering world. 

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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. What are the different types of clustering methods used in business intelligence?

Clustering is an undirected technique used in data mining for identifying several hidden patterns in the data without coming up with any specific hypothesis. The reason behind using clustering is to identify similarities between certain objects and make a group of similar ones. There are two different types of clustering, which are hierarchical and non-hierarchical methods. Non-hierarchical Clustering In this method, the dataset containing N objects is divided into M clusters. In business intelligence, the most widely used non-hierarchical clustering technique is K-means. Hierarchical Clustering In this method, a set of nested clusters are produced. In these nested clusters, every pair of objects is further nested to form a large cluster until only one cluster remains in the end.

2. When is Clustering used?

The primary function of clustering is to perform segmentation, whether it is store, product, or customer. Customers and products can be clustered into hierarchical groups based on different attributes. Another usage of the clustering technique is seen for detecting anomalies like fraud transactions. Here, a cluster with all the good transactions is detected and kept as a sample. This is said to be a normal cluster. Whenever something is out of the line from this cluster, it comes under the suspect section. This method is found to be really useful in detecting the presence of abnormal cells in the body. Other than that, clustering is widely used to break down large datasets to create smaller data groups. This enhances the efficiency of assessing the data.

3. What are the advantages of Clustering?

Clustering is said to be more effective than a random sampling of the given data due to several reasons. The two major advantages of clustering are: Requires fewer resources A cluster creates a group of fewer resources from the entire sample. Due to this, there is a lesser requirement of resources as compared to random sampling. Random sampling will require travel and administrative expenses, but this is not the case over here. Feasible option Here, every cluster determines an entire set of the population as homogeneous groups are created from the entire population. With this, it becomes easy to include more subjects in a single study.

4. Why do use clustering in ML?

Cluster analysis is usually used to classify data into structures that are more easily understood and manipulated. It is an unsupervised machine learning task.

5. What is the difference between clustering and classification in ML?

Classifying the input labels basis on the class labels is classification. On the other hand, the process of grouping basis the similarity without taking help from class labels is known as clustering.

6. Why clustering is better than classification?

The machine learns from the existing data in clustering because the need for multiple pieces of training is not required. Grouping is done on similarities as it is unsupervised learning. Classification on the contrary is complex because it is a supervised type of learning and requires training on the data sets.

7. What is hierarchical clustering?

It is a form of clustering algorithm that produces 1 to n clusters, where n represents the number of observations in a data set. There are two types of hierarchical clustering, divisive (top-down) and agglomerative (bottom-up).

Did you find this article helpful?

Rohit Sharma

Rohit Sharma is the Program Director for the UpGrad-IIIT Bangalore, PG Diploma Data Analytics Program.

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(This article, written by Prof. S. Sadagopan, was originally published in Analytics India Magazine) There is an old “theory” that talks of “power shift” from “carrier” to “content” and to “control” as industry matures. Here are some examples In the early days of Railways, “action” was in “building railroads”; the “tycoons” who made billions were those “railroad builders”. Once enough railroads were built, there was more action in building “engines and coaches” – General Electric and Bombardier emerged; “power” shifted from “carrier” to “content”; still later, action shifted to “passenger trains” and “freight trains” – AmTrak and Delhi Metro, for example, that used the rail infrastructure and available engines and coaches / wagons to offer a viable passenger / goods transportation service; power shifted from “content” to “control”. The story is no different in the case of automobiles; “carrier” road-building industry had the limelight for some years, then the car and truck manufacturers – “content” – GM, Daimler Chrysler, Tata, Ashok Leyland and Maruti emerged – and finally, the “control”, transport operators – KSRTC in Bangalore in the Bus segment to Uber and Ola in the Car segment. In fact, even in the airline industry, airports become the “carrier”, airplanes are the “content” and airlines represent the “control” Learn data science courses from the World’s top Universities. Earn Executive PG Programs, Advanced Certificate Programs, or Masters Programs to fast-track your career. It is a continuum; all three continue to be active – carrier, content and control – it is just the emphasis in terms of market and brand value of leading companies in that segment, profitability, employment generation and societal importance that shifts. We are witnessing a similar “power shift” in the computer industry. For nearly six decades the “action” has been on the “carrier”, namely, computers; processors, once proprietary from the likes of IBM and Control Data, then to microprocessors, then to full blown systems built around such processors – mainframes, mini computers, micro computers, personal computers and in recent times smartphones and Tablet computers. Intel and AMD in processors and IBM, DEC, HP and Sun dominated the scene in these decades. A quiet shift happened with the arrival of “independent” software companies – Microsoft and Adobe, for example and software services companies like TCS and Infosys. Along with such software products and software services companies came the Internet / e-Commerce companies – Yahoo, Google, Amazon and Flipkart; shifting the power from “carrier” to “content”. Explore our Popular Data Science Courses Executive Post Graduate Programme in Data Science from IIITB Professional Certificate Program in Data Science for Business Decision Making Master of Science in Data Science from University of Arizona Advanced Certificate Programme in Data Science from IIITB Professional Certificate Program in Data Science and Business Analytics from University of Maryland Data Science Courses This shift was once again captured by the use of “data center” starting with the arrival of Internet companies and the dot-com bubble in late nineties. In recent times, the term “cloud data center” is gaining currency after the arrival of “cloud computing”. Though interest in computers started in early fifties, Computer Science took shape only in seventies; IITs in India created the first undergraduate program in Computer Science and a formal academic entity in seventies. In the next four decades Computer Science has become a dominant academic discipline attracting the best of the talent, more so in countries like India. With its success in software services (with $ 160 Billion annual revenue, about 5 million direct jobs created in the past 20 years and nearly 7% of India’s GDP), Computer Science has become an aspiration for hundreds of millions of Indians. With the shift in “power” from “computers” to “data” – “carrier” to “content” – it is but natural, that emphasis shifts from “computer science” to “data science” – a term that is in wide circulation only in the past couple of years, more in corporate circles than in academic institutions. In many places including IIIT Bangalore, the erstwhile Database and Information Systems groups are getting re-christened as “Data Science” groups; of course, for many acdemics, “Data Science” is just a buzzword, that will go “out of fashion” soon. Only time will tell! As far as we are concerned, the arrival of data science represents the natural progression of “analytics”, that will use the “data” to create value, the same way Metro is creating value out of railroad and train coaches or Uber is creating value out of investments in road and cars or Singapore Airlines creating value out of airport infrastructure and Boeing / Airbus planes. More important, the shift from “carrier” to “content” to “control” also presents economic opportunities that are much larger in size. We do expect the same from Analytics as the emphasis shifts from Computer Science to Data Science to Analytics. Computers originally created to “compute” mathematical tables could be applied to a wide range of problems across every industry – mining and machinery, transportation, hospitality, manufacturing, retail, banking & financial services, education, healthcare and Government; in the same vein, Analytics that is currently used to summarize, visualize and predict would be used in many ways that we cannot even dream of today, the same way the designers of computer systems in 60’s and 70’s could not have predicted the varied applications of computers in the subsequent decades. We are indeed in exciting times and you the budding Analytics professional could not have been more lucky. Announcing PG Diploma in Data Analytics with IIT Bangalore – To Know more about the Program Visit – PG Diploma in Data Analytics. Top Data Science Skills to Learn to upskill SL. No Top Data Science Skills to Learn 1 Data Analysis Online Courses Inferential Statistics Online Courses 2 Hypothesis Testing Online Courses Logistic Regression Online Courses 3 Linear Regression Courses Linear Algebra for Analysis Online Courses upGrad’s Exclusive Data Science Webinar for you – ODE Thought Leadership Presentation document.createElement('video'); https://cdn.upgrad.com/blog/ppt-by-ode-infinity.mp4 Read our popular Data Science Articles Data Science Career Path: A Comprehensive Career Guide Data Science Career Growth: The Future of Work is here Why is Data Science Important? 8 Ways Data Science Brings Value to the Business Relevance of Data Science for Managers The Ultimate Data Science Cheat Sheet Every Data Scientists Should Have Top 6 Reasons Why You Should Become a Data Scientist A Day in the Life of Data Scientist: What do they do? Myth Busted: Data Science doesn’t need Coding Business Intelligence vs Data Science: What are the differences? Our learners also read: Free Online Python Course for Beginners About Prof. S. Sadagopan Professor Sadagopan, currently the Director (President) of IIIT-Bangalore (a PhD granting University), has over 25 years of experience in Operations Research, Decision Theory, Multi-criteria optimization, Simulation, Enterprise computing etc. His research work has appeared in several international journals including IEEE Transactions, European J of Operational Research, J of Optimization Theory & Applications, Naval Research Logistics, Simulation and Decision Support Systems. He is a referee for several journals and serves on the editorial boards of many journals.
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by Prof. S. Sadagopan

11 May'16
Enlarge the analytics & data science talent pool

5.19K+

Enlarge the analytics & data science talent pool

Note: The articlewas originally written by Sameer Dhanrajani, Business Leader at Cognizant Technology Solutions. A Better Talent acquisition Framework Although many articles have been written lamenting the current talent shortage in analytics and data science, I still find that the majority of companies could improve their success by simply revamping their current talent acquisition processes. Learn data science courses online from the World’s top Universities. Earn Executive PG Programs, Advanced Certificate Programs, or Masters Programs to fast-track your career. We’re all well aware that strong quantitative professionals are few and far between, so it’s in a company’s best interest to be doing everything in their power to land qualified candidates as soon as they find them. It’s a candidate’s market, with strong candidates going on and off the market lightning fast, yet many organizational processes are still slow and outdated. These sluggish procedures are not equipped to handle many candidates who are fielding multiple offers from other companies who are just as hungry (if not more so) for quantitative talent. Here are the key areas I would change to make hiring processes more competitive: Fix your salary bands – It (almost) goes without saying that if your salary offerings are outdated or aren’t competitive to the field, it will be difficult for you to get the attention of qualified candidates; stay topical with relevant compensation grids. Consider one-time bonuses – Want to make your offer compelling but can’t change the salary? Sign-on bonuses and relocation packages are also frequently used, especially near the end of the year, when a candidate is potentially walking away from an earned bonus; a sign-on bonus can help seal the deal. Be open to other forms of compensation – There are plenty of non-monetary ways to entice Quants to your company, like having the latest tools, solving challenging problems, organization-wide buy-in for analytics and more. Other things to consider could be flexible work arrangements, remote options or other unique perks. Pick up the pace – Talented analytics professionals are rare, and the chances that qualified candidates will be interviewing with multiple companies are very high. Don’t hesitate to make an offer if you find what you’re looking for at a swift pace – your competitors won’t. Court the candidate – Just as you want a candidate who stands out from the pack, a candidate wants a company that makes an effort to stand apart also. I read somewhere, a client from Chicago sent an interviewing candidate and his family pizzas from a particularly tasty restaurant in the city. I can’t say for sure that the pizza was what persuaded him to take the company’s offer, but a little old-fashioned wooing never hurts. Button up the process – Just as it helps to have an expedited process, it also works to your benefit is the process is as smooth and trouble-free as you can make it. This means hassle-free travel arrangements, on-time interviews, and quick feedback. Network – make sure that you know the best of the talent available in the market at all levels and keep in touch with them thru porfessional social sites on subtle basis as this will come handy in picking the right candidate on selective basis Redesigned Interview Process In the old days one would screen resumes and then schedule lots of 1:1’s. Typically people would ask questions aimed at assessing a candidate’s proficiency with stats, technicality, and ability to solve problems. But there were three problems with this – the interviews weren’t coordinated well enough to get a holistic view of the candidate, we were never really sure if their answers would translate to effective performance on the job, and from the perspective of the candidate it was a pretty lengthy interrogation. So, a new interview process need to be designed that is much more effective and transparent – we want to give the candidate a sense for what a day in the life of a member on the team is like, and get a read on what it would be like to work with a company. In total it takes about two days to make a decision, and there be no false positives (possibly some false negatives though), and the feedback from both the candidates and the team members has been positive. There are four steps to the process: Resume/phone screens – look for people who have experience using data to drive decisions, and some knowledge of what your company is all about. On both counts you’ll get a much deeper read later in the process; you just want to make sure that moving forward is a good use of either of both of your time. Basic data challenge – The goal here is to validate the candidate’s ability to work with data, as described in their resume. So send a few data sets to them and ask a basic question; the exercise should be easy for anyone who has experience. In-house data challenge – This is should be the meat of the interview process. Try to be as transparent about it as possible – they’ll get to see what it’s like working with you and vice versa. So have the candidate sit with the team, give them access to your data, and a broad question. They then have the day to attack the problem however they’re inclined, with the support of the people around them. Do encourage questions, have lunch with them to ease the tension, and check-in periodically to make sure they aren’t stuck on something trivial. At the end of the day, we gather a small team together and have them present their methodology and findings to you. Here, look for things like an eye for detail (did they investigate the data they’re relying upon for analysis), rigor (did they build a model and if so, are the results sound), action-oriented (what would we do with what you found), and communication skills. Read between the resume lines Intellectual curiosity is what you should discover from the project plans. It’s what gives the candidate the ability to find loopholes or outliers in data that helps crack the code to find the answers to issues like how a fraudster taps into your system or what consumer shopping behaviors should be considered when creating a new product marketing strategy. Data scientists find the opportunities that you didn’t even know were in the realm of existence for your company. They also find the needle in the haystack that is causing a kink in your business – but on an entirely monumental scale. In many instances, these are very complex algorithms and very technical findings. However, a data scientist is only as good as the person he must relay his findings to. Others within the business need to be able to understand this information and apply these insights appropriately. Explore our Popular Data Science Courses Executive Post Graduate Programme in Data Science from IIITB Professional Certificate Program in Data Science for Business Decision Making Master of Science in Data Science from University of Arizona Advanced Certificate Programme in Data Science from IIITB Professional Certificate Program in Data Science and Business Analytics from University of Maryland Data Science Courses Good data scientists can make analogies and metaphors to explain the data but not every concept can be boiled down in layman’s terms. A space rocket is not an automobile and, in the brave new world, everyone must make this paradigm shift. Top Data Science Skills You Should Learn SL. No Top Data Science Skills to Learn 1 Data Analysis Online Certification Inferential Statistics Online Certification 2 Hypothesis Testing Online Certification Logistic Regression Online Certification 3 Linear Regression Certification Linear Algebra for Analysis Online Certification upGrad’s Exclusive Data Science Webinar for you – Watch our Webinar on The Future of Consumer Data in an Open Data Economy document.createElement('video'); https://cdn.upgrad.com/blog/sashi-edupuganti.mp4 Read our popular Data Science Articles Data Science Career Path: A Comprehensive Career Guide Data Science Career Growth: The Future of Work is here Why is Data Science Important? 8 Ways Data Science Brings Value to the Business Relevance of Data Science for Managers The Ultimate Data Science Cheat Sheet Every Data Scientists Should Have Top 6 Reasons Why You Should Become a Data Scientist A Day in the Life of Data Scientist: What do they do? Myth Busted: Data Science doesn’t need Coding Business Intelligence vs Data Science: What are the differences? Our learners also read: Free Python Course with Certification And lastly, the data scientist you’re looking for needs to have strong business acumen. Do they know your business? Do they know what problems you’re trying to solve? And do they find opportunities that you never would have guessed or spotted?
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by upGrad

14 May'16
UpGrad partners with Analytics Vidhya

5.69K+

UpGrad partners with Analytics Vidhya

We are happy to announce our partnership with Analytics Vidhya, a pioneer in the Data Science community. Analytics Vidhya is well known for its impressive knowledge base, be it the hackathons they organize or tools and frameworks that they help demystify. In their own words, “Analytics Vidhya is a passionate community for Analytics/Data Science professionals, and aims at bringing together influencers and learners to augment knowledge”. Explore our Popular Data Science Degrees Executive Post Graduate Programme in Data Science from IIITB Professional Certificate Program in Data Science for Business Decision Making Master of Science in Data Science from University of Arizona Advanced Certificate Programme in Data Science from IIITB Professional Certificate Program in Data Science and Business Analytics from University of Maryland Data Science Degrees We are joining hands to provide candidates of our PG Diploma in Data Analytics, an added exposure to UpGrad Industry Projects. While the program already covers multiple case studies and projects in the core curriculum, these projects with Analytics Vidhya will be optional for students to help them further hone their skills on data-driven problem-solving techniques. To further facilitate the learning, Analytics Vidhya will also be providing mentoring sessions to help our students with the approach to these projects. Our learners also read: Free Online Python Course for Beginners Top Essential Data Science Skills to Learn SL. No Top Data Science Skills to Learn 1 Data Analysis Certifications Inferential Statistics Certifications 2 Hypothesis Testing Certifications Logistic Regression Certifications 3 Linear Regression Certifications Linear Algebra for Analysis Certifications This collaboration brings great value to the program by allowing our students to add another dimension to their resume which goes beyond the capstone projects and case studies that are already a part of the program. Read our popular Data Science Articles Data Science Career Path: A Comprehensive Career Guide Data Science Career Growth: The Future of Work is here Why is Data Science Important? 8 Ways Data Science Brings Value to the Business Relevance of Data Science for Managers The Ultimate Data Science Cheat Sheet Every Data Scientists Should Have Top 6 Reasons Why You Should Become a Data Scientist A Day in the Life of Data Scientist: What do they do? Myth Busted: Data Science doesn’t need Coding Business Intelligence vs Data Science: What are the differences? Through this, we hope our students would be equipped to showcase their ability to dissect any problem statement and interpret what the model results mean for business decision making. This also helps us to differentiate UpGrad-IIITB students in the eyes of the recruiters. upGrad’s Exclusive Data Science Webinar for you – Transformation & Opportunities in Analytics & Insights document.createElement('video'); https://cdn.upgrad.com/blog/jai-kapoor.mp4 Check out our data science training to upskill yourself
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by Omkar Pradhan

09 Oct'16
Data Analytics Student Speak: Story of Thulasiram

5.69K+

Data Analytics Student Speak: Story of Thulasiram

When Thulasiram enrolled in the UpGrad Data Analytics program, in its first cohort, he was not very different for us, from the rest of our students in this. While we still do not and should not treat learners differently, being in the business of education – we definitely see this particular student in a different light. His sheer resilience and passion for learning shaped his success story at UpGrad. Humble beginnings Born in the small town of Chittoor, Andhra Pradesh, Thulasiram does not remember much of his childhood given that he enlisted in the Navy at a very young age of about 15 years. Right out of 10th standard, he trained for four years, acquiring a diploma in mechanical engineering. Thulasiram came from humble means. His father was the manager of a small general store and his mother a housewife. It’s difficult to dream big when leading a sheltered life with not many avenues for exposure to unconventional and exciting opportunities. But you can’t take learning out of the learner. “One thing I remember about school is our Math teacher,” reminisces Thulasiram, “He used to give us lot of puzzles to solve. I still remember one puzzle. If you take a chessboard and assume that all pawns are queens; you have to arrange them in such a way that none of the eight pawns should die. Every queen, should not affect another queen. It was a challenging task, but ultimately we did it, we solved it.” Navy & MBA At 35 years of age, Thulasiram has been in the navy for 19 years. Presently, he is an instructor at the Naval Institute of Aeronautical Technology. “I am from the navy and a lot of people don’t know that there is an aviation wing too. So, it’s like a dream; when you are a small child, you never dream of touching an aircraft, let alone maintaining it. I am very proud of doing this,” says Thulasiram on taking the initiative to upskill himself and becoming a naval-aeronautics instructor. When the system doesn’t push you, you have to take the initiative yourself. Thulasiram imbibed this attitude. He went on to enroll in an MBA program and believes that the program drastically helped improve his communication skills and plan his work better. How Can You Transition to Data Analytics? Data Analytics Like most of us, Thulasiram began hearing about the hugely popular and rapidly growing domain of data analytics all around him. Already equipped with the DNA of an avid learner and keen to pick up yet another skill, Thulasiram began researching the subject. He soon realised that this was going to be a task more rigorous and challenging than any he had faced so far. It seemed you had to be a computer God, equipped with analytical, mathematical, statistical and programming skills as prerequisites – a list that could deter even the most motivated individuals. This is where Thulsiram’s determination set him apart from most others. Despite his friends, colleagues and others that he ran the idea by, expressing apprehension and deterring him from undertaking such a program purely with his interests in mind – time was taken, difficulty level, etc. – Thulasiram, true to the spirit, decided to pursue it anyway. Referring to the crucial moment when he made the decision, he says, If it is easy, everybody will do it. So, there is no fun in doing something which everybody can do. I thought, let’s go for it. Let me push myself — challenge myself. Maybe, it will be a good challenge. Let’s go ahead and see whether I will be able to do it or not. UpGrad Having made up his mind, Thulasiram got straight down to work. After some online research, he decided that UpGrad’s Data Analytics program, offered in collaboration with IIIT-Bangalore that awarded a PG Diploma on successful completion, was the way to go. The experience, he says, has been nothing short of phenomenal. It is thrilling to pick up complex concepts like machine learning, programming, or statistics within a matter of three to four months – a feat he deems nearly impossible had the source or provider been one other than UpGrad. Our learners also read: Top Python Free Courses Favorite Elements Ask him what are the top two attractions for him in this program and, surprising us, he says deadlines! Deadlines and assignments. He feels that deadlines add the right amount of pressure he needs to push himself forward and manage time well. As far as assignments are concerned, Thulasiram’s views resonate with our own – that real-life case studies and application-based learning goes a long way. Working on such cases and seeing results is far superior to only theoretical learning. He adds, “flexibility is required because mostly only working professionals will be opting for this course. You can’t say that today you are free, because tomorrow some project may be landing in your hands. So, if there is no flexibility, it will be very difficult. With flexibility, we can plan things and maybe accordingly adjust work and family and studies,” giving the UpGrad mode of learning, yet another thumbs-up. Amongst many other great things he had to say, Thulasiram was surprised at the number of live sessions conducted with industry professionals/mentors every week. Along with the rest of his class, he particularly liked the one conducted by Mr. Anand from Gramener. Top Data Science Skills to Learn to upskill SL. No Top Data Science Skills to Learn 1 Data Analysis Online Courses Inferential Statistics Online Courses 2 Hypothesis Testing Online Courses Logistic Regression Online Courses 3 Linear Regression Courses Linear Algebra for Analysis Online Courses What Kind of Salaries do Data Scientists and Analysts Demand? Get data science certification from the World’s top Universities. Learn Executive PG Programs, Advanced Certificate Programs, or Masters Programs to fast-track your career. Read our popular Data Science Articles Data Science Career Path: A Comprehensive Career Guide Data Science Career Growth: The Future of Work is here Why is Data Science Important? 8 Ways Data Science Brings Value to the Business Relevance of Data Science for Managers The Ultimate Data Science Cheat Sheet Every Data Scientists Should Have Top 6 Reasons Why You Should Become a Data Scientist A Day in the Life of Data Scientist: What do they do? Myth Busted: Data Science doesn’t need Coding Business Intelligence vs Data Science: What are the differences? upGrad’s Exclusive Data Science Webinar for you – ODE Thought Leadership Presentation document.createElement('video'); https://cdn.upgrad.com/blog/ppt-by-ode-infinity.mp4 Explore our Popular Data Science Courses Executive Post Graduate Programme in Data Science from IIITB Professional Certificate Program in Data Science for Business Decision Making Master of Science in Data Science from University of Arizona Advanced Certificate Programme in Data Science from IIITB Professional Certificate Program in Data Science and Business Analytics from University of Maryland Data Science Courses “Have learned most here, only want to learn..” Interested only in learning, Thulasiram made this observation about the program – compared to his MBA or any other stage of life. He signs off calling it a game-changer and giving a strong recommendation to UpGrad’s Data Analytics program. We are truly grateful to Thulasiram and our entire student community who give us the zeal to move forward every day, with testimonials like these, and make the learning experience more authentic, engaging, and truly rewarding for each one of them. If you are curious to learn about data analytics, data science, check out IIIT-B & upGrad’s PG Diploma in Data Science which is created for working professionals and offers 10+ case studies & projects, practical hands-on workshops, mentorship with industry experts, 1-on-1 with industry mentors, 400+ hours of learning and job assistance with top firms.
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by Apoorva Shankar

07 Dec'16
Decoding Easy vs. Not-So-Easy Data Analytics

5.12K+

Decoding Easy vs. Not-So-Easy Data Analytics

Authored by Professor S. Sadagopan, Director – IIIT Bangalore. Prof. Sadagopan is one of the most experienced academicians on the expert panel of UpGrad & IIIT-B PG Diploma Program in Data Analytics. As a budding analytics professional confounded by jargon, hype and overwhelming marketing messages that talk of millions of upcoming jobs that are paid in millions of Rupees, you ought to get clarity about the “real” value of a data analytics education. Here are some tidbits – that should hopefully help in reducing your confusion. Some smart people can use “analytical thinking” to come up with “amazing numbers”; they are very useful but being “intuitive”, they cannot be “taught.” For example: Easy Analytics Pre-configuring ATMs with Data Insights  “We have the fastest ATM on this planet” Claimed a respected Bank. Did they get a new ATM made especially for them? No way. Some smart employee with an analytical mindset found that 90% of the time that users go to an ATM to withdraw cash, they use a fixed amount, say Rs 5,000. So, the Bank re-configured the standard screen options – Balance Inquiry, Withdrawal, Print Statement etc. – to include another option. Withdraw XYZ amount, based on individual customer’s past actions. This ended up saving one step of ATM operation. Instead of selecting the withdrawal option and then entering the amount to be withdrawn, you could now save some time – making the process more convenient and intuitive. A smart move indeed, however, this is something known as “Easy Analytics” that others can also copy. In fact, others DID copy, within three months! A Start-Up’s Guide to Data Analytics Hidden Data in the Weather In the sample data-sets that used to accompany a spreadsheet product in the 90’s, there used to be data on the area and population of every State in the United States. There was also an exercise to teach the formula part of the spreadsheet to compute the population density (population per sq. km). New Jersey, with a population of 467 per sq. km, is the State with the highest density. While teaching a class of MBA students in New Jersey, I met an Indian student who figured out that in terms of population density, New Jersey is more crowded than India with 446 people per sq. km!  An interesting observation, although comparing a State with a Country is a bit misleading. Once again, an Easy Analytics exercise leading to a “nice” observation! Some simple data analytics exercises can be routinely done, and are made relatively easier, thanks to amazing tools: B-School Buying Behavior Decoded In a B-School in India that has a store on campus, (campus is located far from the city center) some smart students put several years of sales data of their campus store. They were excited by the phenomenal computer power and near, idiot-proof analytics software. The real surprise, however, was that eight items accounted for 85% of their annual sales. More importantly, these eight items were consumed in just six days of the year! Everyone knew that a handful of items were the only fast-moving items, but they did not know the extent (85%) or the intensity (consumption in just six days) of this. It turns out that in the first 3 days of the semester the students would stock the items for the full semester! The B-School found it sensible to request a nearby store to prop up a temporary stall for just two weeks at the beginning of the semesters and close down the Campus Store. This saved useful space and costs without causing major inconvenience to the students. A good example of Easy Analytics done with the help of a powerful tool. Top 4 Data Analytics Skills You Need to Become an Expert! The “Not So Easy” Analytics needs deep analytical understanding, tools, an ‘analytical mindset’ and some hard work. Here are two examples, one taken from way back in the 70’s and the other occurring very recently: Not-So-Easy Analytics To Fly or Not to Fly, That is the Question Long ago, the American Airlines perfected planned overbooking of airline seats, thanks to SABRE Airline Reservation system that managed every airline seat. Armed with detailed past data of ‘empty seats’ and ‘no show’ in every segment of every flight for every day through the year, and modeling airline seats as perishable commodities, the American Airlines was able to improve yield, i.e., utilization of airplane capacity. They did this through planned overbooking – selling more tickets than the number of seats, based on projected cancellations. Explore our Popular Data Science Online Certifications Executive Post Graduate Programme in Data Science from IIITB Professional Certificate Program in Data Science for Business Decision Making Master of Science in Data Science from University of Arizona Advanced Certificate Programme in Data Science from IIITB Professional Certificate Program in Data Science and Business Analytics from University of Maryland Data Science Online Certifications If indeed more passengers showed up than the actual number of seats, American Airlines would request anyone volunteering to forego travel in the specific flight, with the offer to fly them by the next flight (often free) and taking care of hotel accommodation if needed. Sometimes, they would even offer cash incentives to the volunteer to opt-out. Using sophisticated Statistical and Operational Research modeling, American Airlines would ensure that the flights went full and the actual incidents of more passengers than the full capacity, was near zero. In fact, many students would look forward to such incidents so that they could get incentives, (in fact, I would have to include myself in this list) but rarely were they rewarded!) upGrad’s Exclusive Data Science Webinar for you – Transformation & Opportunities in Analytics & Insights document.createElement('video'); https://cdn.upgrad.com/blog/jai-kapoor.mp4 What American Airlines started as an experiment has become the standard industry practice over the years. Until recently, a team of well-trained (often Ph.D. degree holders) analysts armed with access to enormous computing power, was needed for such an analytics exercise to be sustained. Now, new generation software such as the R Programming language and powerful desktop computers with significant visualization/graphics power is changing the world of data analytics really fast. Anyone who is well-trained (not necessarily requiring a Ph.D. anymore) can become a first-rate analytics professional. Top Data Science Skills You Should Learn SL. No Top Data Science Skills to Learn 1 Data Analysis Online Certification Inferential Statistics Online Certification 2 Hypothesis Testing Online Certification Logistic Regression Online Certification 3 Linear Regression Certification Linear Algebra for Analysis Online Certification Unleashing the Power of Data Analytics Our learners also read: Free Python Course with Certification Read our popular Data Science Articles Data Science Career Path: A Comprehensive Career Guide Data Science Career Growth: The Future of Work is here Why is Data Science Important? 8 Ways Data Science Brings Value to the Business Relevance of Data Science for Managers The Ultimate Data Science Cheat Sheet Every Data Scientists Should Have Top 6 Reasons Why You Should Become a Data Scientist A Day in the Life of Data Scientist: What do they do? Myth Busted: Data Science doesn’t need Coding Business Intelligence vs Data Science: What are the differences?   Cab Out of the Bag Uber is yet another example displaying how the power of data analytics can disrupt a well-established industry. Taxi-for-sure in Bangalore and Ola Cabs are similar to Uber. Together, these Taxi-App companies (using a Mobile App to hail a taxi, the status monitor the taxi, use and pay for the taxi) are trying to convince the world to move from car ownership to on-demand car usage. A simple but deep analytics exercise in the year 2008 gave such confidence to Uber that it began talking of reducing car sales by 25% by the year 2025! After building the Uber App for iPhone, the Uber founder enrolled few hundreds of taxi customers in San Francisco and few hundreds of taxi drivers in that area as well. All that the enrolled drivers had to do was to touch the Uber App whenever they were ready for a customer. Similarly, the enrolled taxi customers were requested to touch the Uber App whenever they were looking for a taxi. Thanks to the internet-connected phone (connectivity), Mobile App (user interface), GPS (taxi and end-user location) and GIS (location details), Uber could try connecting the taxi drivers and the taxi users. The real insight was that nearly 90% of the time, taxi drivers found a customer, less than 100 meters away! In the same way, nearly 90% of the time, taxi users were connected with their potential drivers in no time, not too far away. Unfortunately, till the Uber App came into existence, riders and taxi drivers had no way of knowing this information. More importantly, they both had no way of reaching each other! Once they had this information and access, a new way of taxi-hailing could be established. With back-end software to schedule taxis, payment gateway and a mobile payment mechanism, a far more superior taxi service could be established. Of course, near home, we had even better options like Taxi-for-sure trying to extend this experience even to auto rickshaws. The rest, as they say, is “history in the making!” Deep dive courses in data analytics will help prepare you for such high impact applications. It is not easy, but do remember former US President Kennedy’s words “we chose to go to the Moon not because it is easy, but because it is hard!” Get data science certification from the World’s top Universities. Learn Executive PG Programs, Advanced Certificate Programs, or Masters Programs to fast-track your career.  
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by Prof. S. Sadagopan

14 Dec'16
Launching UpGrad’s Data Analytics Roadshow – Are You Game?

5.14K+

Launching UpGrad’s Data Analytics Roadshow – Are You Game?

We, at UpGrad, are excited to announce a brand new partnership with various thought leaders in the Data Analytics industry – IIIT Bangalore, Genpact, Analytics Vidhya and Gramener – to bring to you a one-of-a-kind Analytics Roadshow! As part of this roadshow, we will be conducting several back-to-back events that focus on different aspects of analytics, creating interaction points across India, to do our bit for a future ready and analytical, young workforce.  Also Read: Analytics Vidhya article on the UpGrad Data Analytics Roadshow Here is the line-up for the roadshow, to give you a better sense of what to expect: 9 webinars – These webinars (remote) will be conducted by industry experts and are aimed at increasing analytics awareness, providing a way for aspirants to interact with industry practitioners and getting their tough questions answered. 11 workshops – The workshops will be in-person events to take these interactions to the next level. These would be spread across 6 cities – Delhi, Bengaluru, Hyderabad, Chennai, Mumbai and Pune. So, if you are in any of these cities, we are looking forward to interact with you. Featured Data Science program for you: Master of Science in Data Science from from IIIT-B 2 Conclaves – These conclaves are larger events with a pre-defined agendas and time for networking. The first conclave is happening on the 17th of December in Bengaluru.  Explore our Popular Data Science Online Certifications Executive Post Graduate Programme in Data Science from IIITB Professional Certificate Program in Data Science for Business Decision Making Master of Science in Data Science from University of Arizona Advanced Certificate Programme in Data Science from IIITB Professional Certificate Program in Data Science and Business Analytics from University of Maryland Data Science Online Certifications Hackathon – Time to pull up your sleeves and showcase your nifty skills. We will be announcing the format of the event shortly. “We find that the IT in­dustry is ab­sorb­ing al­most half of all of the ana­lyt­ics jobs. Banking is the second largest, but trails at al­most one fourth of IT’s re­cruit­ing volume. It is in­ter­est­ing that data rich in­dus­tries like Retail, Energy and Insurance are trail­ing near the bot­tom, lower than even con­struc­tion or me­dia, who handle less data. Perhaps these are ripe for dis­rup­tion through ana­lyt­ics?” Our learners also read: Learn Python Online for Free Mr. S. Anand, CEO of Gramener, wonders aloud. Read our popular Data Science Articles Data Science Career Path: A Comprehensive Career Guide Data Science Career Growth: The Future of Work is here Why is Data Science Important? 8 Ways Data Science Brings Value to the Business Relevance of Data Science for Managers The Ultimate Data Science Cheat Sheet Every Data Scientists Should Have Top 6 Reasons Why You Should Become a Data Scientist A Day in the Life of Data Scientist: What do they do? Myth Busted: Data Science doesn’t need Coding Business Intelligence vs Data Science: What are the differences? upGrad’s Exclusive Data Science Webinar for you – Watch our Webinar on The Future of Consumer Data in an Open Data Economy document.createElement('video'); https://cdn.upgrad.com/blog/sashi-edupuganti.mp4   Top Data Science Skills You Should Learn SL. No Top Data Science Skills to Learn 1 Data Analysis Online Certification Inferential Statistics Online Certification 2 Hypothesis Testing Online Certification Logistic Regression Online Certification 3 Linear Regression Certification Linear Algebra for Analysis Online Certification Get data science certification from the World’s top Universities. Learn Executive PG Programs, Advanced Certificate Programs, or Masters Programs to fast-track your career.
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by Apoorva Shankar

15 Dec'16
What’s Cooking in Data Analytics? Team Data at UpGrad Speaks Up!

5.22K+

What’s Cooking in Data Analytics? Team Data at UpGrad Speaks Up!

Team Data Analytics is creating the most immersive learning experience for working professionals at UpGrad. Data Insider recently checked in to me to get my insights on the data analytics industry; including trends to watch out for and must-have skill sets for today’s developers. Here’s how it went: How competitive is the data analytics industry today? What is the demand for these types of professionals? Let’s talk some numbers, a widely-quoted McKinsey report states that the United States will face an acute shortage of around 1.5 million data professionals by 2018. In India, which is emerging as the global analytics hub, the shortage of such professionals could go up to as high as 200,000. In India alone, the number of analytics jobs saw a 120 percent rise from June 2015 to June 2016. So, we clearly have a challenge set out for us. Naturally, because of acute talent shortage, talented professionals are high in demand. Decoding Easy vs. Not-So-Easy Analytics What trends are you following in the data analytics industry today? Why are you interested in them? There are three key trends that we should watch out for: Personalization I think the usage of data to create personalized systems is a key trend being adopted extremely fast, across the board. Most of the internet services are removing the anonymity of online users and moving towards differentiated treatment. For example, words recommendations when you are typing your messages or destinations recommendations when you are using Uber. Our learners also read: Learn Python Online for Free End of Moore’s Law Another interesting trend to watch out for is how companies are getting more and more creative as we reach the end of Moore’s Law. Moore’s Law essentially states that every two years we will be able to fit double the number of transistors that could be fit on a chip, two years ago. Because of this law, we have unleashed the power of storing and processing huge amounts of data, responsible for the entire data revolution. But what will happen next? IoT Another trend to watch out for, for the sheer possibilities it brings. It’s the emergence of smart systems which is made possible by the coming together of cloud, big data, and IoT (internet of things). Explore our Popular Data Science Courses Executive Post Graduate Programme in Data Science from IIITB Professional Certificate Program in Data Science for Business Decision Making Master of Science in Data Science from University of Arizona Advanced Certificate Programme in Data Science from IIITB Professional Certificate Program in Data Science and Business Analytics from University of Maryland Data Science Courses What skill sets are critical for data engineers today? What do they need to know to stay competitive? A good data scientist sits at a rare overlap of three areas: Domain Knowledge This helps understand and appreciate the nuances of a business problem. For e.g, an e-commerce company would want to recommend complementary products to its buyers. Statistical Knowledge Statistical and mathematical knowledge help to inform data-driven decision making. For instance, one can use market basket analysis to come up with complementary products for a particular buy. Technical Knowledge This helps perform complex analysis at scale; such as creating a recommendation system that shows that a buyer might prefer to also buy a pen while buying a notebook. How Can You Transition to Data Analytics? Outside of their technical expertise, what other skills should those in data analytics and business intelligence be sure to develop? Ultimately, data scientists are problem solvers. And every problem has a specific context, content and story behind it. This is where it becomes extremely important to tie all these factors together – into a common narrative. Essentially all data professionals need to be great storytellers. In this respect, one of the key skills for analysts to sharpen would be, breaking down the complexities of analytics for others working with them. They can appreciate the actual insights derived – and work toward a common business goal. In addition, what is as crucial is getting into a habit of constantly learning. Even if it means waking up every morning and reading what’s relevant and current in your domain. Top Essential Data Science Skills to Learn SL. No Top Data Science Skills to Learn 1 Data Analysis Certifications Inferential Statistics Certifications 2 Hypothesis Testing Certifications Logistic Regression Certifications 3 Linear Regression Certifications Linear Algebra for Analysis Certifications What should these professionals be doing to stay ahead of trends and innovations in the field? Professionals these days need to continuously upskill themselves and be willing to unlearn and relearn. The world of work and the industrial landscape of technology-heavy fields such as data analytics is changing every year. The only way to stay ahead, or even at par with these trends, is to invest in learning, taking up exciting industry-relevant projects, participating in competitions like Kaggle, etc. How important is mentorship in the data industry? Who can professionals look toward to help further their careers and their skills? Extremely important. Considering how fast this domain has emerged, academia and universities, in general, have not had the chance to keep up equally fast. Hence, the only way to stay industry-relevant with respect to this domain is to have industry-specific learning. This can only be done in two ways – through real-life case studies and mentors who are working/senior professionals and hail from the data analytics industry. In fact, at UpGrad, there is a lot of stress on industry mentorship for aspiring data specialists. This is in addition to a whole host of case studies and industry-relevant projects. Get data science certification from the World’s top Universities. Learn Executive PG Programs, Advanced Certificate Programs, or Masters Programs to fast-track your career. Read our popular Data Science Articles Data Science Career Path: A Comprehensive Career Guide Data Science Career Growth: The Future of Work is here Why is Data Science Important? 8 Ways Data Science Brings Value to the Business Relevance of Data Science for Managers The Ultimate Data Science Cheat Sheet Every Data Scientists Should Have Top 6 Reasons Why You Should Become a Data Scientist A Day in the Life of Data Scientist: What do they do? Myth Busted: Data Science doesn’t need Coding Business Intelligence vs Data Science: What are the differences?   Where are the best places for data professionals to find mentors? upGrad’s Exclusive Data Science Webinar for you – Transformation & Opportunities in Analytics & Insights document.createElement('video'); https://cdn.upgrad.com/blog/jai-kapoor.mp4 While it’s important for budding or aspiring data professionals to tap into their networks to find the right mentors, it is admittedly tough to do so. There are two main reasons that can be blamed for this. First, due to the nascent stage, the industry is at, it is extremely difficult to find someone with the requisite skill sets to be a mentor. Even if you find someone with considerable experience in the field, not everybody has the time and inclination to be an effective mentor. Hence most people don’t know where to go to be mentored. That’s where platforms like UpGrad come in, which provide you with a rich, industry-relevant learning experience. Nowhere else are you likely to chance upon such a wide range of industry tie-ups or associations for mentorship from very senior and reputed professionals. How Can You Transition to Data Analytics? What resources should those in the data analytics industry be using to ensure they’re educated and up-to-date on developments, trends, and skills? There are many. For starters, here are some good and pretty interesting blogs and resources that would serve aspiring/current data analysts well to keep up with Podcasts like Data Skeptic, Freakonomics, Talking Machines, and much more.   This interview was originally published on Data Insider.  
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by Rohit Sharma

23 Dec'16