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Conditional Statements in Python: If, If else, Elif, Nested if Statements

Conditional Statements in Python: If, If else, Elif, Nested if Statements

Updated on 23 November, 2022

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• 8 min read

Table of Contents

What is a Python Ternary Operator?
What are conditional statements in Python?
If Statement
If Else Statement
Conclusion

We tend to make a lot of decisions in our life whether it is related to work or personal life. We usually make decisions based on few conditions, like I will buy a car if I get an increment next year.

Conditions are very important to everyone’s life to have a pleasant experience in our career or lifestyle. Similarly, In Programming languages also conditions play a pivotal role. They are the ones that help us develop a code that can satisfy all the business conditions and perform well.

Usually in Python Programming Language code executes in a sequential manner like the first line will be executed first followed by second line and so on until the end of the code. Conditional statements come into picture when we must decide that a certain part of code should run only if the condition is True. For instance, the If condition in Python executes both the true and false parts of any statement.

In this article we will have a look into the different types of conditional statements that are present in Python Programming Language along with the Syntax of each statement, code and output examples. Apart from Python If else, and Python If statement, this list will also highlight what is a Python ternary operator.

What is a Python Ternary Operator?

Also referred to as conditional expressions, a python ternary operator is responsible for evaluating something based on a condition, whether it is true or false. This particular feature was added to the 2.5 version of Python. It enables testing a condition in a single line, thus making your code simpler, which is contrary to the multi-line technique. One of the major concerns for every python programmer is the readability and size of their codes. In order to maintain an efficient program in Python, you need to keep your code short, clean and easily readable. This is where the python ternary operator comes into play. They not only help you to maintain single-line expressions, thus making your code easier to read and compact, but also increases the readability of your code by significantly reducing the number of lines of the same. There are mainly three operands in a ternary operator, namely,

Condition
True_val
False_val

What are conditional statements in Python?

As the name suggests, conditional statements are responsible for handling different conditions in your programs such as If condition in Python. They are present in every programming language, including Python. These statements help your program by forming decisions based on the conditions encountered by the same. Typically, there are three types of conditional statements, namely,

Python If Statement
Python If Else statement and
If-elif-else statements

If Statement

If statement is used when we must execute a code block only if a given test condition is True. First the program will evaluate the test conditional expression and will only execute the code block if the test conditional expression is True. IF statement is written by using the if keyword.

Syntax

If test condition expression:

         Statement 1

         Statement 2…….

Example

# Example for IF Statement

# When Condition is True

number = 6

if number > 0:

         print (number,”Positive Number”)

print (“Outside If block”)

# When Condition is False

number = -6

if number > 0:

         print (number,”Positive Number”)

print (“Outside If block”)

Output

6 Positive Number

Outside If block

Read: Python Challenges For Beginners

If Else Statement

We cannot use only If statements for all the conditions that are required in each problem statement to develop our code. In some situations, we might have multiple conditions, that is why we have another conditional statement called IF ELSE.

This is like an IF statement, but we have two blocks here and one conditional expression. The if code block will run if the expression is True and else code block will run if the expression is false. IF ELSE statement uses if and else keywords.

Syntax

If test condition expression:

    Code block for if

Else:

         Code block for else

Code block outside

Example

# Example for IF ELSE Statement

# When Condition in True

number = 6

if number > 0:

         print(number,”Positive Number”)

else:

         print(number,”Negative Number”)

print(“Outside If block”)

# When Condition in True

number = -1

if number > 0:

         print(number,”Positive Number”)

else:

         print(number,”Negative Number”)

print(“Outside If block”)

Output

6 Positive Number

Outside If block

-1 Negative Number

Outside If block

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Elif Statement

As discussed in the above conditional statement we tend to have multiple conditions that we need to take care of when we are developing a code for a business-related problem. One of such statements is ELIF Statement, this is used when we must check multiple conditions.

ELIF is a short form for ELSE IF. In ELIF, first the test condition expression is checked if it is True then the if code block is executed. If the ELIF first condition is false, the next ELIF test condition is checked and this is repeated until the last elif condition. If all the ELIF conditions are false, then the else code block will be executed. ELIF Statements are written by using if elif and else keywords.

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Syntax

If test condition expression:

         Code block for if

elif test condition expression 1:

         Code block for elif 1

elif test condition expression 2:

         Code block for elif 2

….

else:

         Code block for else

Code block outside

Example

# Example for ELIF Statement

# When one of the Condition is True

number = 90

if number == 0:

         print(number,”Condition 1 is true”)

elif number == 30:

         print(number,”Condition 2 is true”)

elif number == 60:

         print(number,”Condition 3 is true”)

elif number == 90:

         print(number,”Condition 4 is true”)

else:

         print(number,”None of the Conditions are true”)

print(“Outside elif block”)

 

# When none of the Conditions are True

number = 50

if number == 0:

         print(number,”Condition 1 is true”)

elif number == 30:

         print(number,”Condition 2 is true”)

elif number == 60:

         print(number,”Condition 3 is true”)

elif number == 90:

         print(number,”Condition 4 is true”)

else:

         print(number,”None of the Conditions are true”)

print(“Outside elif block”)

Output

90 Condition 4 is true

Outside elif block

50 None of the Conditions are true

Outside elif block

Also Read: Fascinating Python Applications in Real World

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Nested IF Statement

Nested IF Statements are used when we want to execute a certain code where there are two or more conditions to be met. This statement uses only if and else keywords.

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Syntax

If test condition expression:

     If test condition expression:

                     Code block for if

         else:

                     code block for else

else:

code block for else

Example

# Example for NESTED IF Statement

# Both the conditions are true

number = 10

if number >= 0:

         if number == 10:

                     print(‘The given number is 10’)

         else:

                     print(“The given number is a positive number”)

else:

         print(“The given number is a negative number”)

print(“Outside nested if block”)

 

# One of the conditions are true

number = 20

if number >= 0:

         if number == 10:

                     print(‘The given number is 10’)

         else:

                     print(“The given number is a positive number”)

else:

         print(“The given number is a negative number”)

print(“Outside nested if block”)

## None of the conditions are true

number = -10

if number >= 0:

         if number == 10:

                     print(‘The given number is 10’)

         else:

                     print(“The given number is a positive number”)

else:

         print(“The given number is a negative number”)

print(“Outside nested if block”)

Output

The given number is 10

Outside nested if block

The given number is a positive number

Outside nested if block

The given number is a negative number

Outside nested if block

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Conclusion

In this article we got to know the importance of the conditional statements in the Programming language. We deep dived into the different conditional statements in Python Programming language. We have also looked into the practical implementation of the various conditional statements along with their suitable examples.

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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. What are conditional statements?

A conditional statement is mathematical reasoning that allows students to examine a given hypothesis without resorting to a specific context or meaning. Conditional statements include if statements, if-else statements, elif statements, and nested if statements. A conditional statement works on the principle of If p, then q where p stands for hypothesis, while q stands for conclusion. It is also known as an implication.

2. Is learning python a good option?

With an ever-expanding community centered on data science, machine learning, AI, web development, and other topics, Python is the programming language that connects all this technology. Python is regarded as one of the easiest server-side software languages to read, write, and learn. It's also highly scalable. It is an incredibly flexible programming language with several applications. It is also in great demand for employment and pays well. The world's top corporations use it, and at the same time, it is also ideal for quick and basic experiments.

3. What is the average salary of python professionals?

In India, the average entry-level Python Developer Salary is INR 4,27,293 per year. The average Python Developer Salary in India for mid-level professionals is INR 9,09,818 a year, while the average Python Developer Salary in India for experienced professionals is INR 11,50,000. Salary is determined not just by experience but also by a variety of other criteria such as the candidate's programming and negotiating abilities, corporate requirements and financials, and so on.

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I can’t say for sure that the pizza was what persuaded him to take the company’s offer, but a little old-fashioned wooing never hurts. Button up the process – Just as it helps to have an expedited process, it also works to your benefit is the process is as smooth and trouble-free as you can make it. This means hassle-free travel arrangements, on-time interviews, and quick feedback. Network – make sure that you know the best of the talent available in the market at all levels and keep in touch with them thru porfessional social sites on subtle basis as this will come handy in picking the right candidate on selective basis Redesigned Interview Process In the old days one would screen resumes and then schedule lots of 1:1’s. Typically people would ask questions aimed at assessing a candidate’s proficiency with stats, technicality, and ability to solve problems. But there were three problems with this – the interviews weren’t coordinated well enough to get a holistic view of the candidate, we were never really sure if their answers would translate to effective performance on the job, and from the perspective of the candidate it was a pretty lengthy interrogation. So, a new interview process need to be designed that is much more effective and transparent – we want to give the candidate a sense for what a day in the life of a member on the team is like, and get a read on what it would be like to work with a company. In total it takes about two days to make a decision, and there be no false positives (possibly some false negatives though), and the feedback from both the candidates and the team members has been positive. There are four steps to the process: Resume/phone screens – look for people who have experience using data to drive decisions, and some knowledge of what your company is all about. On both counts you’ll get a much deeper read later in the process; you just want to make sure that moving forward is a good use of either of both of your time. Basic data challenge – The goal here is to validate the candidate’s ability to work with data, as described in their resume. So send a few data sets to them and ask a basic question; the exercise should be easy for anyone who has experience. In-house data challenge – This is should be the meat of the interview process. Try to be as transparent about it as possible – they’ll get to see what it’s like working with you and vice versa. So have the candidate sit with the team, give them access to your data, and a broad question. They then have the day to attack the problem however they’re inclined, with the support of the people around them. Do encourage questions, have lunch with them to ease the tension, and check-in periodically to make sure they aren’t stuck on something trivial. At the end of the day, we gather a small team together and have them present their methodology and findings to you. Here, look for things like an eye for detail (did they investigate the data they’re relying upon for analysis), rigor (did they build a model and if so, are the results sound), action-oriented (what would we do with what you found), and communication skills. Read between the resume lines Intellectual curiosity is what you should discover from the project plans. It’s what gives the candidate the ability to find loopholes or outliers in data that helps crack the code to find the answers to issues like how a fraudster taps into your system or what consumer shopping behaviors should be considered when creating a new product marketing strategy. Data scientists find the opportunities that you didn’t even know were in the realm of existence for your company. They also find the needle in the haystack that is causing a kink in your business – but on an entirely monumental scale. In many instances, these are very complex algorithms and very technical findings. However, a data scientist is only as good as the person he must relay his findings to. Others within the business need to be able to understand this information and apply these insights appropriately. Explore our Popular Data Science Courses Executive Post Graduate Programme in Data Science from IIITB Professional Certificate Program in Data Science for Business Decision Making Master of Science in Data Science from University of Arizona Advanced Certificate Programme in Data Science from IIITB Professional Certificate Program in Data Science and Business Analytics from University of Maryland Data Science Courses Good data scientists can make analogies and metaphors to explain the data but not every concept can be boiled down in layman’s terms. A space rocket is not an automobile and, in the brave new world, everyone must make this paradigm shift. Top Data Science Skills You Should Learn SL. No Top Data Science Skills to Learn 1 Data Analysis Online Certification Inferential Statistics Online Certification 2 Hypothesis Testing Online Certification Logistic Regression Online Certification 3 Linear Regression Certification Linear Algebra for Analysis Online Certification upGrad’s Exclusive Data Science Webinar for you – Watch our Webinar on The Future of Consumer Data in an Open Data Economy document.createElement('video'); https://cdn.upgrad.com/blog/sashi-edupuganti.mp4 Read our popular Data Science Articles Data Science Career Path: A Comprehensive Career Guide Data Science Career Growth: The Future of Work is here Why is Data Science Important? 8 Ways Data Science Brings Value to the Business Relevance of Data Science for Managers The Ultimate Data Science Cheat Sheet Every Data Scientists Should Have Top 6 Reasons Why You Should Become a Data Scientist A Day in the Life of Data Scientist: What do they do? Myth Busted: Data Science doesn’t need Coding Business Intelligence vs Data Science: What are the differences? Our learners also read: Free Python Course with Certification And lastly, the data scientist you’re looking for needs to have strong business acumen. Do they know your business? Do they know what problems you’re trying to solve? And do they find opportunities that you never would have guessed or spotted?

by upGrad

14 May'16

5.69K+

UpGrad partners with Analytics Vidhya

We are happy to announce our partnership with Analytics Vidhya, a pioneer in the Data Science community. Analytics Vidhya is well known for its impressive knowledge base, be it the hackathons they organize or tools and frameworks that they help demystify. In their own words, “Analytics Vidhya is a passionate community for Analytics/Data Science professionals, and aims at bringing together influencers and learners to augment knowledge”. Explore our Popular Data Science Degrees Executive Post Graduate Programme in Data Science from IIITB Professional Certificate Program in Data Science for Business Decision Making Master of Science in Data Science from University of Arizona Advanced Certificate Programme in Data Science from IIITB Professional Certificate Program in Data Science and Business Analytics from University of Maryland Data Science Degrees We are joining hands to provide candidates of our PG Diploma in Data Analytics, an added exposure to UpGrad Industry Projects. While the program already covers multiple case studies and projects in the core curriculum, these projects with Analytics Vidhya will be optional for students to help them further hone their skills on data-driven problem-solving techniques. To further facilitate the learning, Analytics Vidhya will also be providing mentoring sessions to help our students with the approach to these projects. Our learners also read: Free Online Python Course for Beginners Top Essential Data Science Skills to Learn SL. No Top Data Science Skills to Learn 1 Data Analysis Certifications Inferential Statistics Certifications 2 Hypothesis Testing Certifications Logistic Regression Certifications 3 Linear Regression Certifications Linear Algebra for Analysis Certifications This collaboration brings great value to the program by allowing our students to add another dimension to their resume which goes beyond the capstone projects and case studies that are already a part of the program. Read our popular Data Science Articles Data Science Career Path: A Comprehensive Career Guide Data Science Career Growth: The Future of Work is here Why is Data Science Important? 8 Ways Data Science Brings Value to the Business Relevance of Data Science for Managers The Ultimate Data Science Cheat Sheet Every Data Scientists Should Have Top 6 Reasons Why You Should Become a Data Scientist A Day in the Life of Data Scientist: What do they do? Myth Busted: Data Science doesn’t need Coding Business Intelligence vs Data Science: What are the differences? Through this, we hope our students would be equipped to showcase their ability to dissect any problem statement and interpret what the model results mean for business decision making. This also helps us to differentiate UpGrad-IIITB students in the eyes of the recruiters. upGrad’s Exclusive Data Science Webinar for you – Transformation & Opportunities in Analytics & Insights document.createElement('video'); https://cdn.upgrad.com/blog/jai-kapoor.mp4 Check out our data science training to upskill yourself

by Omkar Pradhan

09 Oct'16

5.69K+

Data Analytics Student Speak: Story of Thulasiram

When Thulasiram enrolled in the UpGrad Data Analytics program, in its first cohort, he was not very different for us, from the rest of our students in this. While we still do not and should not treat learners differently, being in the business of education – we definitely see this particular student in a different light. His sheer resilience and passion for learning shaped his success story at UpGrad. Humble beginnings Born in the small town of Chittoor, Andhra Pradesh, Thulasiram does not remember much of his childhood given that he enlisted in the Navy at a very young age of about 15 years. Right out of 10th standard, he trained for four years, acquiring a diploma in mechanical engineering. Thulasiram came from humble means. His father was the manager of a small general store and his mother a housewife. It’s difficult to dream big when leading a sheltered life with not many avenues for exposure to unconventional and exciting opportunities. But you can’t take learning out of the learner. “One thing I remember about school is our Math teacher,” reminisces Thulasiram, “He used to give us lot of puzzles to solve. I still remember one puzzle. If you take a chessboard and assume that all pawns are queens; you have to arrange them in such a way that none of the eight pawns should die. Every queen, should not affect another queen. It was a challenging task, but ultimately we did it, we solved it.” Navy & MBA At 35 years of age, Thulasiram has been in the navy for 19 years. Presently, he is an instructor at the Naval Institute of Aeronautical Technology. “I am from the navy and a lot of people don’t know that there is an aviation wing too. So, it’s like a dream; when you are a small child, you never dream of touching an aircraft, let alone maintaining it. I am very proud of doing this,” says Thulasiram on taking the initiative to upskill himself and becoming a naval-aeronautics instructor. When the system doesn’t push you, you have to take the initiative yourself. Thulasiram imbibed this attitude. He went on to enroll in an MBA program and believes that the program drastically helped improve his communication skills and plan his work better. How Can You Transition to Data Analytics? Data Analytics Like most of us, Thulasiram began hearing about the hugely popular and rapidly growing domain of data analytics all around him. Already equipped with the DNA of an avid learner and keen to pick up yet another skill, Thulasiram began researching the subject. He soon realised that this was going to be a task more rigorous and challenging than any he had faced so far. It seemed you had to be a computer God, equipped with analytical, mathematical, statistical and programming skills as prerequisites – a list that could deter even the most motivated individuals. This is where Thulsiram’s determination set him apart from most others. Despite his friends, colleagues and others that he ran the idea by, expressing apprehension and deterring him from undertaking such a program purely with his interests in mind – time was taken, difficulty level, etc. – Thulasiram, true to the spirit, decided to pursue it anyway. Referring to the crucial moment when he made the decision, he says, If it is easy, everybody will do it. So, there is no fun in doing something which everybody can do. I thought, let’s go for it. Let me push myself — challenge myself. Maybe, it will be a good challenge. Let’s go ahead and see whether I will be able to do it or not. UpGrad Having made up his mind, Thulasiram got straight down to work. After some online research, he decided that UpGrad’s Data Analytics program, offered in collaboration with IIIT-Bangalore that awarded a PG Diploma on successful completion, was the way to go. The experience, he says, has been nothing short of phenomenal. It is thrilling to pick up complex concepts like machine learning, programming, or statistics within a matter of three to four months – a feat he deems nearly impossible had the source or provider been one other than UpGrad. Our learners also read: Top Python Free Courses Favorite Elements Ask him what are the top two attractions for him in this program and, surprising us, he says deadlines! Deadlines and assignments. He feels that deadlines add the right amount of pressure he needs to push himself forward and manage time well. As far as assignments are concerned, Thulasiram’s views resonate with our own – that real-life case studies and application-based learning goes a long way. Working on such cases and seeing results is far superior to only theoretical learning. He adds, “flexibility is required because mostly only working professionals will be opting for this course. You can’t say that today you are free, because tomorrow some project may be landing in your hands. So, if there is no flexibility, it will be very difficult. With flexibility, we can plan things and maybe accordingly adjust work and family and studies,” giving the UpGrad mode of learning, yet another thumbs-up. Amongst many other great things he had to say, Thulasiram was surprised at the number of live sessions conducted with industry professionals/mentors every week. Along with the rest of his class, he particularly liked the one conducted by Mr. Anand from Gramener. Top Data Science Skills to Learn to upskill SL. No Top Data Science Skills to Learn 1 Data Analysis Online Courses Inferential Statistics Online Courses 2 Hypothesis Testing Online Courses Logistic Regression Online Courses 3 Linear Regression Courses Linear Algebra for Analysis Online Courses What Kind of Salaries do Data Scientists and Analysts Demand? Get data science certification from the World’s top Universities. Learn Executive PG Programs, Advanced Certificate Programs, or Masters Programs to fast-track your career. Read our popular Data Science Articles Data Science Career Path: A Comprehensive Career Guide Data Science Career Growth: The Future of Work is here Why is Data Science Important? 8 Ways Data Science Brings Value to the Business Relevance of Data Science for Managers The Ultimate Data Science Cheat Sheet Every Data Scientists Should Have Top 6 Reasons Why You Should Become a Data Scientist A Day in the Life of Data Scientist: What do they do? Myth Busted: Data Science doesn’t need Coding Business Intelligence vs Data Science: What are the differences? upGrad’s Exclusive Data Science Webinar for you – ODE Thought Leadership Presentation document.createElement('video'); https://cdn.upgrad.com/blog/ppt-by-ode-infinity.mp4 Explore our Popular Data Science Courses Executive Post Graduate Programme in Data Science from IIITB Professional Certificate Program in Data Science for Business Decision Making Master of Science in Data Science from University of Arizona Advanced Certificate Programme in Data Science from IIITB Professional Certificate Program in Data Science and Business Analytics from University of Maryland Data Science Courses “Have learned most here, only want to learn..” Interested only in learning, Thulasiram made this observation about the program – compared to his MBA or any other stage of life. He signs off calling it a game-changer and giving a strong recommendation to UpGrad’s Data Analytics program. We are truly grateful to Thulasiram and our entire student community who give us the zeal to move forward every day, with testimonials like these, and make the learning experience more authentic, engaging, and truly rewarding for each one of them. If you are curious to learn about data analytics, data science, check out IIIT-B & upGrad’s PG Diploma in Data Science which is created for working professionals and offers 10+ case studies & projects, practical hands-on workshops, mentorship with industry experts, 1-on-1 with industry mentors, 400+ hours of learning and job assistance with top firms.

by Apoorva Shankar

07 Dec'16