26 Best Cyber Security Project Ideas & Topics For Freshers & Experienced [With Source Code] in 2024

Summary:

In this article, you will learn the 26 Best Cyber Security Project Ideas & Topics. Take a glimpse below.

1. Keylogger projects
2. Network traffic analysis
3. Caesar Cipher Decoder
4. Antivirus
5. Build your own encryption software
6. Bug Bounties and Hackathons

and more….

Read the complete article to get detailed information on 26 Exciting Cyber Security Project Ideas & Topics.

If you plan to plunge into a career in cyber security software development, then your preparation starts with understanding three key aspects. Above all, you need to know whether cyber security is the right career choice or not. Next, learn about the skills that you need to nurture for this career. And your end goal is to understand how you can get picked for a promising job in this field?

First of all, there should be no reason why it won’t be a good career choice. Secondly, for learning the requisite technical skills, you can pursue a degree in software development with a specialization in cybersecurity. However, the most challenging part is the job competition. Do you know, an employer scans a resume in 6 seconds! So, you have very limited time to impress him.

Check out our free  courses to get an edge over the competition.

Mentioning your independent cyber security projects in the resume is one way to have the edge over others. Your projects are like testimonies that justify your technical skills, and this can make your profile stand out in the competition. So, this article will also explain cyber security project ideas that you can try. In this blog post, we’ll walk you through a few cybersecurity project ideas you may try. These projects would range in difficulty from beginning to advanced, and they would include example source codes.

Must Read: Cyber Security Salary in India

Top Cyber Security Project Ideas & Topics

Individual cybersecurity projects provide people with the chance to evaluate and confirm their technical knowledge while also giving them a chance to stand out on resumes. Aspiring security enthusiasts can gain great practical expertise by starting cyber security projects with source code. As cyber security projects may lend you a good job, so you must do it. If you are looking for cyber security project ideas, then here are ideas explained for you:

Cyber Security Project Ideas for Beginners

1. Keylogger projects

You must be aware of keylogger, which is a surveillance software installed on a system to record the keystroke made on that system. So, as part of your project, you can develop your own keylogger if you are good at coding. Another project idea can be developing a process to detect and delete keyloggers or develop a process to capture the system’s keystrokes.

Source code

2. Caesar Cipher Decoder

If cryptography interests you, then one of the greatcyber security project ideasfor you is to build an app to break a caesar cipher. Now, what is a caesar cipher? It is a type of encryption method wherein the letters of a given text are replaced by other letters that come after several other alphabets.

For example, if you encrypt the word ‘Software’ by shifting 3 alphabets, then the Caesar chipper for it will be ‘VRIWZDUH.’ So, you can start by building a web app to break such simple encryption; later on, move on to complex concepts. Your software interface should have a space for the input text, a drop option to choose the ‘Shift,’ and a space for the output text, which will be the cipher decoded text. The example is shown below:

Source

Project Source code

3. Website Scraper

A Web Scraper is a program that scrapes or collects data from websites with absolute accuracy. Let us imagine that we are developing a web scraper that will go to Twitter and collect the content of tweets.

 In its simplest form basic, web scraping is the act of collecting data from the internet in any form. Web scraping, on the other hand, enables you to gather information in huge volumes by using bots on a large scale. Crawlers or spiders are bots that scan the source code of a particular web page and tag data based on some predefined parameters. Following that, the data extractor gathers the enclosed data and exports it to a spreadsheet file.

Monitoring your social media accounts is one of the most effective ways to keep an eye on the reputation of your business. You can quickly sort through the sea of data being generated on social media to find and respond to comments related to your business using web scraping tools. Include it in your cyber security final year projects to further exhibit your skills. 

Source code

4. Log Analyzer

 This is one of the suitable cyber security final year projects. It is the method by which log activities, audit trail records, or just logs are filtered from computer-generated log messages. The log analyzer offers a useful measurement system that clearly illustrates what has happened throughout the structure.

The information can be used to fix or enhance an application’s or infrastructure’s functionality. Narrowing the amount of time it takes a company to identify and fix production issues will enable teams to concentrate more on enhancing existing functionalities and adding new functions to the goods and services they are producing rather than spending some time troubleshooting.

Source code

5. Antivirus

 If you have good coding skills and are willing to take on a challenging project, then you could even try developing your own antivirus software. Prior to beginning the projects, you must decide which programs your software will support and define the safety measures you plan to develop. For instance, VBScript or JavaScript can be used to create macro protection for Windows.

Source code

6. Evaluate Password Strength

This is one of the cyber security projects with the aim of developing a password-strength testing tool. By creating this tool, it will become easier to test the strength of passwords. The tool will check the length and complexity of the password. Moreover, it will check whether you have included special characters to determine the efficiency of your password.

The tool will come with the added benefit of suggestions related to creating strong passwords. It is one of the cyber security projects focused on creating an application with a user-friendly interface. It will be based on strong algorithms for checking passwords. The ultimate goal of this tool is to help users safeguard their accounts with strong passwords.

Source code

7. Simple Vulnerability Matcher

This is one of the cyber security projects ideas for creating a tool to scan systems or software solutions. The tool will compare different software and systems with vulnerability databases to identify security issues. It will use several smart matching algorithms for detecting and prioritizing vulnerabilities.

The simple vulnerability matcher will offer detailed vulnerability reports and suggestions for tackling them. The project will help in creating a user-friendly solution for addressing security problems. As a result, it will help enhance the security posture of the scanned systems, making perfect cyber security projects for college students

Source code

Intermediate Cybersecurity Project Ideas and Topics

8. Network traffic analysis

This can be a great choice for your cyber security project as Network traffic analysis, also known as Packet sniffing, is a popular internet security concept. This project will be an analysis-based project wherein you can learn how to use a packet sniffer software to monitor and capture data packets passing through a computer network, such as the network of your office, or your training center, or your college.

Here you might require taking prior permission of the administrator. Packet sniffing is important for cyber security as data packets are targeted by cybercriminals to steal information like passwords, credit card details, etc.

Source code

Learn more: Career in Software Development: 13 Various Job Roles To Choose From

9. Web Application Firewall

By cleaning and inspecting HTTP traffic between a web app and the Internet, a Web App Firewall helps to protect web applications. It’s one of the cyber crime and security projects because it enables you to comprehend cyber security in a general context.

It protects web applications from threats such as cross-site scripting, file insertion, SQL injection, and many others. A WAF is a protocol layer 7 defence that is not designed to withstand all kinds of threats. This technique of attack modification is typically part of a suite of tools that, when combined, creates a comprehensive defence against a variety of network attacks.

Source code

Get Software Engineering degrees from the World’s top Universities. Earn Executive PG Programs, Advanced Certificate Programs, or Masters Programs to fast-track your career.

10. Security Scanner

Consider diving into compelling cyber security projects for final year students that involve crafting a foundational security scanner that is adept at detecting high-severity vulnerabilities in both devices and networks. This tool holds immense value, whether it’s employed during moments of device uncertainty or simply to uphold the integrity of network security. By developing this rudimentary yet effective security scanner, you’ll acquire the confidence to identify and address vulnerabilities comprehensively.

This software boasts the capability to quantify the risks it uncovers, supplying numerical values that underscore the severity of potential threats. Additionally, it furnishes users with actionable tips to fortify their devices or networks. The scanner’s operation commences with the meticulous identification of device specifics, open ports, software assets, and system configurations. These findings are meticulously cross-referenced with databases harboring information about established vulnerabilities—databases typically provided by security solution vendors. Alternatively, you can tap into available demo databases within the Open-source realm to fuel your project.

Once vulnerabilities are confirmed, a multifaceted assessment is conducted, encompassing factors like system exposure, exploit skill level required, business ramifications, existing controls, and more. The system subsequently delivers a comprehensive report to the user through an intuitive interface. The user can then tailor their response based on the severity of identified issues. If the risk level is pronounced, the software proactively intervenes to safeguard user data.

This endeavor serves as an excellent entry point for those seeking to elevate their proficiency from a beginner to an intermediate level in the realm of cybersecurity. These innovative cyber security final year project ideas are ideally suited for college students, empowering them to delve into network security projects for final year students and leave a mark in the domain of cybersecurity.

Source code

11. User Authentication System

The advanced cyber security project may seem simple at first, but it incorporates all the information you have gained from your previous projects. For this project, you can construct a user authentication gateway with signup/register and log-in/logout capabilities.

Source code

12. Image steganography system

The practice of steganography includes hiding private data or plain text. Image steganography may be utilised as a high-level cyber security project by concealing encoded messages in pictures.

Source code

13. SQL Injection

SQL injection is a dangerous form of cyberattack where savvy hackers use input fields found on the front end of SQL-based applications to manipulate data queries and gain unauthorized access. This method is particularly effective on vulnerable web applications with inadequate security measures. 

The absence of security headers and lack of protection for input fields often increase the risk of these attacks. As a precaution, it is wise to incorporate a vulnerability check script in your cyber security projects. This will identify any potential susceptibility to SQL injection and provide recommendations for strengthening your application’s defenses.

Source code

14. DOS Detection

Designing a DOS detection tool can be one of the most interesting cyber security projects for beginners. Through its user-friendly interface, this tool equips users with the ability to detect DoS attacks. By identifying warning signs of a DoS attack, it empowers users to take advanced measures to safeguard their systems.

Real-time alerts and notifications provide immediate awareness, enabling swift response actions. Ultimately, this project aims to empower novice users with a reliable and accessible solution for detecting and responding to DoS attacks. Therefore, it can help in elevating the overall security and availability of their systems.

Source code

15. File Type Identification

This is one of the cyber security projects that will focus on the concept of the magic number. You will have to work on creating a file type identification tool based on the mechanism of the magic number. These unique byte sequences at the beginning of files provide a foolproof method for determining file types.

With this tool, users can easily scan and analyze their files to accurately identify their formats. The tool will work on files with different types of extensions. Additionally, the tool will boast a vast database of magic numbers and their corresponding file types to ensure maximum accuracy.

This innovative tool will aid in file management and data recovery. Moreover, the advanced capabilities of this tool will help identify files with mixed or embedded formats.

Source code

16. Network Packet Capturing Tool

It is one of the cyber security projects focused on the analysis of network packets. Considered as good mini project topics for cyber security,or cyber security projects for final year and cyber security projects for final year students. In this cyber security project, you will develop a tool for analyzing network packets to discover information about network traffic. Moreover, this tool will help identify all issues related to networks.

The tool will come with the feature to capture real-time network packets and filter them. Moreover, special features to thoroughly analyze the network packets should be present. The tool will come with multiple protocols and help in filtering packets according to specific network traffic directions.

The ultimate goal of this project is to provide network administrators with a feature-rich tool. Network administrators will be able to monitor and optimize network performance using this tool. Frameworks and libraries from different programming languages can be used for this tool instead of writing the code from scratch.

Source code

Advanced Cybersecurity Project Ideas & Topics

17. Build your own encryption software

Data encryption is a big part of cybersecurity. So, one of the widely appreciated cyber security project ideas is that of encryption software. You can try taking up a project to develop your own encryption software. First, you need to do your project scoping, like you want to build an app to encrypt files using existing algorithms. To implement encryption easily in your app, you can use Amazon Web Services” (AWS) encryption “Software Development Kit” (SDK).

Source code

18. Bug Bounties and Hackathons

Another good project is to find bugs in websites. On the internet, there are many bug bounty programs; you can participate in such programs and gain hands-on experience in finding bugs. Some of the programs even pay if you can find relevant bugs.

Hackathons, a portmanteau of hacking marathons, is also gaining popularity, as many companies or platforms are organizing hackathons for aspiring cyber security professionals. If you get the chance, you must participate in hackathons. Here you can intensively collaborate with graphic designers, project managers, interface designers, and domain experts from the cyber security field. Taking part in hackathons is a good way to put your skills into work and also garner more in-depth knowledge about internet security.

Read: Career in Cyber Security

The selection of interesting and pertinent cyber security projects for final year students is essential in the quickly changing digital ecosystem. Here are a few more cyber security projects for final year students to strengthen their programming skills and resume with competent projects.

19. Malware Analysis Sandbox

Any doubtful file can be thrown at it, and within seconds, the software will produce a thorough report outlining how the file behaves when run in a reliable but isolated environment.

Malware is the friend of cyber hackers and the enemy of a business. It is crucial to understand how malware functions to understand the context, intentions, and objectives of a breach in these ever-evolving times. Simply identifying and eliminating malware is no longer sufficient.

Source code

20. Secure erasure code-based cloud storage system

It is a multipurpose storage system that is secure. In order to create a dependable distributed storage system, it offers a threshold proxy re-encryption scheme and integrates it with a distributed erasure code. A user may transfer their data stored on fileservers to another user without having to retrieve it again, thanks to the distributed storage system, which also retains safe and reliable data storage and retrieval.

Its primary purpose is to offer a proxy re-encryption scheme that keeps up encoding over encrypted messages and sending over encoded and encrypted messages. It seamlessly combines forwarding, encoding, and encryption.

Source code

21. Web-Based Facial Authentication System

Consider embarking on captivating cybersecurity projects for final year by crafting a sophisticated facial recognition system tailored for user authentication. This ingenious software finds extensive applications in realms like exam proctoring systems, KYC processing, and mobile devices’ user verification. The system is equipped with a repository of the user’s images, which can be either publicly accessible or confined to a specific user subset.

Upon obtaining camera permission, the system detects the user’s face. It then undertakes a meticulous process wherein the 2D facial image is cross-referenced with entries in its comprehensive database. This software effectively reads intricate facial geometry details—such as eye distance, forehead-to-chin span, eye socket depth, lip, nose, and chin shape. These insights are transmuted into a unique numerical code, termed a faceprint. The system subsequently aligns this data with the stored faceprints, culminating in a conclusive outcome.

Extend the capabilities of this project by designing a web-based face detector that can function seamlessly during video calls. To initiate this endeavor, delve into OpenCV, a dynamic real-time computer vision tool. This initial project phase can serve as a stepping stone for diverse applications, including user authentication in contexts like meetings, examinations, law enforcement, and phone face unlock features. As you explore these dimensions, you’re immersing yourself in robust cyber security projects that harmonize with the vital domain of network security projects.

Source code

22. Optimized Password Cracker

It is one of the cyber security projects that involves creating a password cracker tool with advanced techniques. This tool will enable seamless cracking of passwords encrypted with top hashing algorithms. With the power of parallel processing and GPU acceleration, this password cracker will take speed and efficiency to a whole new level.

Customizable options for dictionary, brute-force, and hybrid attacks make it a one-stop solution for all your password-cracking needs. Whether you need to recover lost passwords or assess the strength of your current ones, this project promises to deliver top-notch performance and flexibility.  

Source code

23. Detecting Network Anomalies

This is one of the cyber security projects focused as open web application security project, is on developing the machine learning techniques of professionals. The network anomaly detection that you will create as part of this project will leverage machine learning techniques. It will focus on assessing the network traffic patterns to spot unusual patterns or activities indicating security breaches or threats.

This is one of the cyber security projects where you will have to use supervised as well as unsupervised machine learning algorithms. The different algorithms will help you gather insights from past network data. In such projects related to cyber security, as a result, you will be able to spot deviations from regular network characteristics.

The network anomaly detection system will provide real-time alerts and notifications. It will help network administrators to proactively deal with security risks. The project will empower network security by leveraging machine learning techniques for anomaly detection in network security projects.

Source code

24. Cloud Access Security Broker

For companies with prior experience in utilizing multiple SaaS applications, CASBs serve as a vital tool for gaining visibility and administrative control. Through the use of cloud application discovery, these organizations can uncover hidden IT resources and validate the success of their cyber security projects.

Leaders can also evaluate their company’s level of visibility and control over sensitive data shared and utilized through SaaS apps. Moreover, they can determine the appropriate level needed for each cloud service. It is recommended for contracts to prioritize the discovery and security of sensitive data.

Source code

25. Retrieval of Lost Data

Retrieving lost data can be one of the most interesting cyber security projects. Cyberattacks pose a significant threat to data integrity, potentially causing corruption or destruction. Having strong data recovery skills is essential for effective remediation.

Ransomware attacks hold data ransom and demand payment for decryption. To improve data retrieval proficiency, it is beneficial to practice ransomware data recovery techniques. This involves focusing efforts on restoring affected systems from backups. Additionally, creating a plan to extract compromised or damaged data from storage devices using specialized recovery tools is crucial.

Source code

26. Integrity Evaluator

This is one of the cyber security projects focused on safeguarding operating systems. By utilizing this tool, system files will be guaranteed to maintain their integrity and security. This is accomplished by cross-checking their integrity with pre-existing hashed data.

Additionally, the tool will periodically scan the operating system files and match them against a trusted database to identify any unauthorized alterations. The integrity checker will promptly notify administrators or users of any discrepancies through real-time notifications.

Source code

Use Cases of Cyber Security

Network Threat Identification

It takes a long time for large-scale company networks to identify harmful apps among hundreds of identical programmes. For instance, Versive, an AI company, offers cybersecurity software that uses disharmony detection to identify weak security issues.

Model user behaviour

Hackers who have obtained a client’s consent can enter a company’s network via legitimate methods, and they are extremely difficult to stop and identify. Therefore, a risk management system may be utilised to spot changes in such procedures and identify obvious consumer behaviour patterns in passwords. When the pattern fails, they will notify their cybersecurity teams in this way.

 Automatically enhancing threat intelligence

Threat intelligence must be enriched as part of any event or threat investigation procedure. Up until now, the process has mostly been manual, requiring intelligence analysts to manually improve indications and search through several trustworthy sources.

What is the whole point of cybersecurity projects?

With these cybersecurity projects, Beginners can improve their abilities using the best cyber security projects. Projects offer practical opportunities to investigate cybersecurity basics, put crucial skills to the test, and gain experience with designing cybersecurity solutions. Important skills like threat detection and mitigation, identity access and management (IAM) governance, and vulnerability assessment and remediation techniques can be taught through cybersecurity projects.

The skills that aspiring cybersecurity experts need to land a job are taught in strong boot camp programs using project-based learning. Students can pass cybersecurity certification exams like the CompTIA Security+ with the aid of projects. There are many best cyber security projects available that also demonstrate to recruiters that you are technically competent and have a knack for solving problems. These cyber security projects for final year students are bound to bring attention to your candidature. 

Is Cyber security the Right Career Choice?

Many who are already into the software development or IT sector aim to leap into a career in internet security, considering that it is a lucrative job and day-by-day becoming more relevant as everything, especially businesses, shifts to the digital space and becoming data-driven. The urgent need for robust cyber security software programs can be rightly perceived by referring to the findings of the National Computer Security Survey (NCSS) conducted by the United States Bureau of Justice Statistics.

At university or university at home, choice is yours !

The grave reality is that while businesses are advancing banking on newer technologies, there even the cybercriminals are constantly finding new technologies to target their victims; they adapt at a fast pace. Internet security reports from different companies like Macfee, Symantec, Cisco, Varonis, and others, reflect frightening statistics on how cybercriminals target victims through lifestyle apps, emails, smart home device apps, etc.

As per the 2019 Official Annual Cybercrime Report by Herjavec Group, cybercrime is the greatest threat to the companies. As per the sources, the report predicts that cybercrime will cost the world $6 trillion annually by 2022.

These statistics clearly define why businesses are becoming increasingly aware and serious about cybersecurity. They acknowledge that one of the effective ways to combat cybercriminals is to develop robust security infrastructure for the digital space. This is where businesses need competent cyber security software developers. Thus, from a career perspective, cyber security software developers can definitely hope for a bright future with sustainable career growth opportunities.

Check out upGrad’s Advanced Certification in Cloud Computing

Why is a job in cyber security a smart choice?

In India, a profitable professional path exists in cybersecurity. To create, manage, and navigate security networks, you need cybersecurity expertise. 

Here are the top 3 reasons you should think about a career in cybersecurity.

High-Paying Careers

In addition to providing many prospects for professional advancement, one of the best industries for earning a living is cybersecurity.  

Job Satisfaction

The ecosystem surrounding cybersecurity is always expanding, creating new problems that require answers. Additionally, businesses are willing to invest in personnel who can help them. One may continually learn new things and work with organisations that encourage ongoing development as a cybersecurity specialist.

Unlimited Opportunities for Career Advancement

The expanding need and expansion potential of the cybersecurity business are amply demonstrated by the increasing frequency and severity of security breaches in a constantly changing digital environment. For those who want to enhance their careers in cybersecurity, there are several possibilities accessible.

What skills do you need to nurture for a career in cyber security software development?

• A software developer working for the best cyber security projects has the responsibility to develop and integrate security tools like malware detectors, spyware, intrusion detection, and more at each stage of software development. 
• He/she is also accountable for integrating the other necessary cyber security technologies and components to ensure the entire organization’s network’s overall safety so that the business data can’t be breached. 
• He/she is expected to be proactive and prompt in detecting any kind of malicious behavior and fix it before it becomes too unruly, leading to some sort of security breach.
• As far as technical knowledge is considered, it is good to know about computer science engineering for an aspiring cyber security software developer. Above that, he/she requires to garner theoretical plus practical knowledge about application security, data secrecy, cryptography, network security, and much more.

For professionals, who are already working in IT companies as data professionals, coding professionals, software test engineers, IT project leads, etc., leaping into a career of cyber security software development is not at all challenging. Without taking a break from their existing jobs, they can enroll in online diploma programs that offer cybersecurity specialization.

Usually, the minimum eligibility criteria for such programs are graduation degrees; however, candidates with a computer science engineering degree are likely to adapt to cyber security concepts more proficiently.

upGrad’s Exclusive Software and Tech Webinar for you –

SAAS Business – What is So Different?

How can you get picked for a promising job in the field of cybersecurity?

Enrolling in a well-structured diploma program, wherein world-class faculty members & industry experts offer lessons, can sufficiently help you garner the technical knowledge and skills required for handling real-world job responsibilities. However, before you lend into a job, you have the colossal task of surpassing the job competition.

According to research studies conducted by business.time.com and linkedin.com in 2012 and 2017, respectively, an employer looks over an applicant’s resume for roughly around six seconds. So, you are competing in a condensed space, wherein you have approximately 6 seconds to make yourself stand out among other applicants eyeing the same job. You may have the best of technical expertise, but how will you convey that to your HR or the employer in 6 seconds?

• One of the most effective ways to stand out in the competition is to make your resume eye-catchy by mentioning your mini projects in it. 
• Taking up cyber security projects not just gives you hands-on-experience of technologies related to internet security but also enhances your soft skills in handling real-world job responsibilities. 
• Taking up such projects and mentioning them in your resume makes your employer interested in you. He gets something concrete to judge your competency and relevancy to his company’s requirements.

Cyber Security Use Cases

Incorporating threat intelligence enrichment is an imperative facet of any incident or threat investigation protocol. Historically, this process has predominantly entailed manual efforts, with intelligence analysts laboriously augmenting indicators and meticulously sifting through a multitude of dependable sources. 

Detecting fraudulent applications within extensive enterprise networks has proven time-consuming, particularly when dealing with a plethora of similar programs. Noteworthy instances encompass cybersecurity software employing dissonance detection methodology to uncover vulnerabilities that might compromise security integrity. These nuances resonate significantly within the realm of cyber security projects for students, offering a compelling avenue for engaging in impactful and insightful cybersecurity projects.

Are you interested in making a leap into a cyber security career?

For those you are interested in building a career in cybersecurity, upGrad is offering a PG diploma in software development, with a specialization in Cyber security, wherein 7+ case studies and capstone cyber security projects are integrated into the course. 

upGrad is also offering a certification program in cyber security, specially designed for working professionals. These courses cover the intricacies of internet security, application security, data secrecy, cryptography, and network security.

 It also facilitates learning of programming languages & tools such as python, Java, Git, Github, Amazon Web Services, etc. The lessons are imparted through best-in-class content, online sessions, and live lectures. 

upGrad, in association with leading universities, has designed its online programs to understand the career objectives and limitations of working professionals. These programs are especially for IT professionals, project leads, managers in IT/tech companies, data professionals, coders, testers, who strive to continue their academic learning without taking a break from their jobs.upGrad also provides 360-degree career support to the students. 

Learn more about the SHA-256 algorithm for secure data hashing and encryption.

Conclusion

As discussed in the article, cyber security projects are crucial for gaining hands-on experience and increasing a candidate’s credibility for a job opportunity. Since cyber security is a vast field, you can think of numerous cyber security project ideas. There is no shortage of ideas, but what is essential is to take up and finish a project successfully. The efforts and expertise required for these projects depend on the scope of work and your project’s objective.

To gain adequate knowledge in the field of cybersecurity, one can opt for PG level courses in cybersecurity. upGrad, in collaboration with IIIT Bangalore, offers a PG course named, Advanced Certificate Programme in Cyber Security  for aspiring cybersecurity professionals.

Explore our popular tutorials on various technologies, including JavaScript, SQL,DBMS, Data Structure, JQuery, HTML, Cyber Security, C++, Deep Learning, and Agile Scrum.