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Data Science Course Syllabus and Subjects Guide for 2025

By Rohit Sharma

Updated on Feb 19, 2025 | 28 min read

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In 2024, India's data science sector experienced significant growth, with the Information Technology industry-leading at 34.5% of available data science jobs. As companies increasingly seek skilled professionals, mastering the data science syllabus ensures you stay competitive.

A well-structured data science course syllabus covers essential subjects, tools, and technologies needed to build expertise in the field.

This guide breaks down everything—from foundational concepts to advanced techniques—helping you choose the right path for career success. Let’s begin!

Stay ahead in data science, and artificial intelligence with our latest AI news covering real-time breakthroughs and innovations.

Core Subjects of the Data Science Syllabus

Below are the foundational data science subjects that form the core of a btech data science course syllabus and other data science programs.

Programming Languages

Proficiency in programming is the first step to mastering data science. You need to write efficient code to manipulate data, implement models, and automate workflows.

Below are the most important programming languages in a data science syllabus and their significance in data science.

  • PythonThe most widely used language in data science, offering extensive libraries for data manipulation, visualization, and machine learning.
  • R: Preferred for statistical analysis and data visualization, making it a key tool in research-based data science.
  • SQL: Essential for handling structured data, performing queries, and managing relational databases.
  • Java: Plays a role in building scalable data applications and integrating with big data tools.
  • Scala: Used in distributed computing and big data processing with frameworks like Apache Spark.

Below is a structured breakdown of the topics covered under each language in a btech data science course syllabus.

Programming Language

Topics You Will Learn

Python Variables, loops, functions, file handling, NumPy, Pandas, Matplotlib, Scikit-learn, TensorFlow
R Data frames, statistical modeling, hypothesis testing, regression, ggplot2, time-series forecasting
SQL Joins, subqueries, indexing, stored procedures, database optimization, ETL processes
Java Object-oriented programming, multithreading, data structures, integration with Hadoop and Spark
Scala Functional programming, Spark RDDs, data pipelines, real-time analytics

To gain practical experience with these languages and tools, consider enrolling in upGrad's Data Science courses, which offer hands-on projects and industry-relevant curriculum.

To build meaningful models and extract insights, you need to understand the mathematical foundation behind data science. The next section covers statistics and probability, two essential subjects that shape how data is analyzed and interpreted.

Statistics and Probability

These subjects form the foundation for analyzing data distributions, making predictions, and validating models. Without a firm grasp of probability concepts, statistical modeling, and hypothesis testing, you cannot effectively interpret real-world data.

For example, in fraud detection, probability helps assess transaction risks, while hypothesis testing determines whether anomalies in financial data indicate fraudulent activity.

Below are the key topics covered under statistics and probability in a data science syllabus.

  • Descriptive statistics: Measures of central tendency (mean, median, mode), dispersion (variance, standard deviation), and data summarization.
  • Inferential statistics: Hypothesis testing, confidence intervals, p-values, and t-tests for making predictions from sample data.
  • Probability theory: Bayes' theorem, probability distributions (normal, binomial, Poisson), and conditional probability.
  • Regression analysis: Simple and multiple linear regression, logistic regression, and residual analysis.
  • Sampling techniques: Random sampling, stratified sampling, and bias reduction in data collection.

Below is an overview of the specific topics you will learn in statistics and probability.

Concept

Topics You Will Learn

Descriptive statistics Mean, median, mode, variance, standard deviation, percentiles
Inferential statistics Hypothesis testing, confidence intervals, p-values, significance tests
Probability theory Bayes' theorem, normal distribution, binomial distribution, Poisson distribution
Regression analysis Linear regression, logistic regression, correlation, residual analysis
Sampling techniques Random sampling, stratified sampling, bias reduction

Also Read: Probability Distribution: Types of Distributions Explained

Analyzing data efficiently requires a strong grasp of how data is stored, structured, and processed. The next section introduces data structures and algorithms, which are crucial for organizing and handling large datasets.

Data Structures and Algorithms

Data structures and algorithms provide the techniques to optimize computations, enhance data retrieval speed, and design scalable data science solutions.

Below are the core topics covered in data structures and algorithms in a data science course syllabus.

  • Arrays and linked lists: Storing and managing sequential and dynamic data.
  • Stacks and queues: Implementing last-in-first-out (LIFO) and first-in-first-out (FIFO) operations for data processing.
  • Hashing techniques: Hash tables, collision handling, and indexing for fast lookups.
  • Trees and graphs: Decision trees, hierarchical data representation, and network analysis.
  • Sorting and searching algorithms: Quick sort, merge sort, binary search, and their applications in data science.

Below is an overview of the key data structure topics you will learn.

Data Structure

Topics You Will Learn

Arrays & linked lists Sequential storage, dynamic memory allocation, traversal
Stacks & queues LIFO, FIFO, real-time data processing
Hashing techniques Hash tables, indexing, collision resolution
Trees & graphs Decision trees, hierarchical data, shortest path algorithms
Sorting & searching Quick sort, merge sort, binary search, time complexity

To deepen your understanding of data structures and algorithms, consider enrolling in upGrad's free Data Structures and Algorithm course. This program covers time complexity analysis, basic data structures like arrays, queues, and stacks, as well as sorting and searching algorithms

Many machine learning models rely on mathematical transformations to process data efficiently. The next section covers linear algebra, an essential subject that helps in representing and manipulating multidimensional datasets.

Linear Algebra

Linear algebra provides the tools to handle high-dimensional data, perform matrix operations, and optimize machine learning models. Many machine learning algorithms, including neural networks and dimensionality reduction techniques, rely on concepts from linear algebra.

Below are the key topics covered in linear algebra in a data science syllabus.

  • Vectors and matrices: Representation of data in vector space, matrix operations, and transformations.
  • Eigenvalues and eigenvectors: Essential for principal component analysis (PCA) and dimensionality reduction techniques.
  • Singular value decomposition (SVD): Used for data compression and feature extraction in large datasets.
  • Linear transformations: Applications in image processing, computer vision, and high-dimensional data representation.
  • Orthogonality and projections: Concepts used in least squares regression and optimization problems.

Below is a structured breakdown of the linear algebra topics you will learn in a btech data science course syllabus.

Concept

Topics You Will Learn

Vectors & matrices Matrix operations, dot product, determinant, inverse matrices
Eigenvalues & eigenvectors Principal component analysis (PCA), dimensionality reduction
Singular value decomposition Data compression, feature selection, noise reduction
Linear transformations Image processing, transformations in machine learning models
Orthogonality & projections Least squares regression, optimization techniques

Linear algebra is essential for building models that can efficiently process large amounts of data. 

However, data science also involves continuous change, and understanding these variations requires knowledge of calculus, which plays a crucial role in optimization and gradient-based learning.

Calculus

Calculus helps in understanding how models learn, adjust weights, and minimize errors. Concepts like differentiation and integration are essential in neural networks, gradient descent, and probability density functions.

Below are the key topics covered in calculus in a data science syllabus.

  • Differentiation: Derivatives, partial derivatives, and their role in optimization.
  • Gradient descent: Used in training machine learning models by minimizing error functions.
  • Integration: Applied in probability distributions and continuous data analysis.
  • Multivariable calculus: Helps in understanding functions with multiple parameters, crucial for deep learning.
  • Taylor series expansion: Used to approximate complex functions in numerical computations.

Below is a structured breakdown of the calculus topics you will learn in a btech data science course syllabus.

Concept

Topics You Will Learn

Differentiation Derivatives, partial derivatives, chain rule, applications in ML
Gradient descent Cost function minimization, learning rate, convergence optimization
Integration Definite and indefinite integrals, applications in probability
Multivariable calculus Functions with multiple parameters, optimization in deep learning
Taylor series expansion Approximation of functions, numerical computations

Also Read: Data Science Vs Data Analytics: Difference Between Data Science and Data Analytics

Understanding calculus allows you to optimize machine learning models effectively, making predictions more accurate and training more efficient. As machine learning is at the heart of a data science syllabus, the next section explores its core principles, algorithms, and applications.

Machine Learning

Supervised and unsupervised learning are the two primary approaches in machine learning. Supervised learning uses labeled data for tasks like fraud detection in banking, while unsupervised learning identifies hidden patterns, such as customer segmentation in retail.

These techniques are widely applied across industries—healthcare uses predictive models for disease diagnosis, finance relies on risk assessment models, and e-commerce platforms personalize recommendations based on user behavior.

Below are the key topics covered in machine learning in a data science syllabus.

  • Supervised learning: Training models using labeled data, including regression and classification algorithms.
  • Unsupervised learning: Identifying hidden patterns in data with clustering and association rule learning.
  • Reinforcement learning: Teaching models to make sequential decisions through reward-based learning.
  • Model evaluation: Performance metrics like accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score.
  • Feature engineering: Techniques to improve model performance by selecting relevant data attributes.

Below is a structured breakdown of the machine learning topics you will learn in a btech data science course syllabus.

Concept

Topics You Will Learn

Supervised learning Regression, classification, decision trees, support vector machines
Unsupervised learning Clustering, k-means, hierarchical clustering, dimensionality reduction
Reinforcement learning Markov decision processes, Q-learning, policy gradients
Model evaluation Accuracy, precision, recall, confusion matrix, AUC-ROC
Feature engineering Feature scaling, selection, extraction, handling missing values

Build expertise in ML with upGrad's executive diploma in machine learning and AI, offered with IIIT Bangalore. This program covers deep learning, NLP, and reinforcement learning through real-world projects, preparing you for AI-driven roles.

Machine learning is powerful, but for complex tasks like speech recognition, image processing, and language understanding, deeper architectures are needed. The next section covers deep learning, an advanced branch of machine learning that mimics human brain functionality.

Deep Learning

Deep learning builds on machine learning principles by using artificial neural networks to process large amounts of data. It is responsible for breakthroughs in areas such as self-driving cars, healthcare diagnostics, and personalized recommendations.

Below are the key topics covered in deep learning in a data science syllabus.

  • Neural networks: Understanding artificial neurons, activation functions, and weight optimization.
  • Convolutional neural networks (CNNs): Used in image recognition and computer vision tasks.
  • Recurrent neural networks (RNNs): Applied in sequence modeling, speech recognition, and time-series analysis.
  • Optimization techniques: Backpropagation, gradient descent, and learning rate adjustments.
  • Transfer learning: Using pre-trained models to improve learning on new tasks.

Below is a structured breakdown of the deep learning topics you will learn in a btech data science course syllabus.

Concept

Topics You Will Learn

Neural networks Perceptron, activation functions, weight initialization
CNNs Image classification, object detection, feature extraction
RNNs Sequence prediction, long short-term memory (LSTM), natural language processing
Optimization techniques Backpropagation, gradient descent, batch normalization
Transfer learning Fine-tuning pre-trained models, domain adaptation

Also Read: Neural Network Model: Brief Introduction, Glossary & Backpropagation

Deep learning enables data scientists to tackle problems that traditional machine learning cannot solve efficiently. One such application is natural language processing (NLP), which focuses on teaching machines to understand human language and extract insights from text.

Natural Language Processing (NLP)

Natural language processing is used in applications like chatbots, sentiment analysis, and automatic translation. A strong data science syllabus includes NLP techniques to process large volumes of text data.

Below are the key topics covered in NLP in a data science syllabus.

  • Tokenization and text preprocessing: Breaking text into words, removing stopwords, and stemming.
  • Word embeddings: Representing words numerically using techniques like Word2Vec and GloVe.
  • Named entity recognition (NER): Identifying proper nouns, locations, and other entities in text.
  • Sentiment analysis: Determining emotional tone from text data, widely used in social media analysis.
  • Language models: Transformers like BERT and GPT for contextual language understanding.

Below is a structured breakdown of the NLP topics you will learn in a btech data science course syllabus.

Concept

Topics You Will Learn

Tokenization & preprocessing Lemmatization, stemming, stopword removal, part-of-speech tagging
Word embeddings Word2Vec, GloVe, fastText, contextual embeddings
Named entity recognition Entity tagging, dependency parsing, information extraction
Sentiment analysis Text classification, opinion mining, emotion detection
Language models BERT, GPT, sequence-to-sequence models, machine translation

Advance your NLP skills with upGrad’s post graduate certificate in machine learning & NLP, offered with IIIT Bangalore. This program covers basics like tokenization, word embeddings, and language models through hands-on projects.

Processing structured data is one part of data science, but extracting useful patterns from raw and unstructured data requires advanced techniques. The next section focuses on data mining, a crucial skill for discovering hidden insights in large datasets.

Data Mining

Data mining is widely used in healthcare for disease prediction, in finance for fraud detection, and in marketing for customer segmentation. It enables businesses to extract actionable insights from vast datasets, improving decision-making and operational efficiency.

Below are the key topics covered in data mining in a data science syllabus.

  • Association rule mining: Finding relationships between different data points, such as market basket analysis.
  • Clustering techniques: Identifying groups within datasets using algorithms like k-means and DBSCAN.
  • Anomaly detection: Detecting outliers and unusual patterns in data, used in fraud detection.
  • Feature selection methods: Choosing the most relevant attributes to improve model performance.
  • Web scraping and text mining: Extracting structured information from web pages and text data.

Below is a structured breakdown of the data mining topics you will learn in a btech data science course syllabus.

Concept

Topics You Will Learn

Association rule mining Apriori algorithm, FP-Growth, frequent pattern analysis
Clustering techniques K-means clustering, hierarchical clustering, DBSCAN
Anomaly detection Outlier detection, fraud detection, novelty detection
Feature selection Wrapper methods, filter methods, dimensionality reduction
Web scraping & text mining Scrapy, BeautifulSoup, extracting data from text and websites

Data mining helps uncover hidden trends, but handling extremely large datasets requires specialized technologies. The next section introduces big data technologies, which allow data scientists to process, store, and analyze massive volumes of data efficiently.

Big Data Technologies

Big data technologies enable the storage, processing, and analysis of datasets that are too large for traditional databases. Many industries like healthcare use them for patient analytics, finance for fraud detection, and e-commerce for personalized recommendations.

Below are the key topics covered in big data technologies in a data science syllabus.

  • Hadoop ecosystem: Frameworks like HDFS and MapReduce for distributed data storage and processing.
  • Apache Spark: In-memory computing for faster big data processing.
  • NoSQL databases: Handling unstructured data with MongoDB, Cassandra, and HBase.
  • Streaming data processing: Real-time analytics using Apache Kafka and Flink.
  • Scalability and distributed computing: Techniques for parallel data processing in cloud environments.

Below is a structured breakdown of the big data technologies topics you will learn in a btech data science course syllabus.

Concept

Topics You Will Learn

Hadoop ecosystem HDFS, MapReduce, YARN, data storage techniques
Apache Spark RDDs, DataFrames, Spark SQL, machine learning pipelines
NoSQL databases MongoDB, Cassandra, HBase, document-based storage
Streaming data processing Apache Kafka, Flink, real-time analytics
Scalability & distributed computing Parallel processing, cluster computing, cloud integration

Big data technologies make it possible to process massive datasets, but efficiently managing these datasets in a scalable manner requires cloud computing. The next section focuses on cloud computing in data science. 

Cloud Computing in Data Science

Cloud computing provides scalable infrastructure for data storage, processing, and machine learning. Organizations use cloud platforms to run large-scale data analysis without the need for on-premise hardware. 

Below are the key topics covered in cloud computing in a data science syllabus.

  • Cloud service models: Understanding SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS for deploying data applications.
  • Data storage solutions: Cloud databases like Amazon S3, Google BigQuery, and Azure Data Lake.
  • Cloud-based machine learning: Running AI models on platforms like AWS SageMaker and Google Vertex AI.
  • Serverless computing: Optimizing resources with services like AWS Lambda and Azure Functions.
  • Security and compliance: Protecting data privacy in cloud environments.

Below is a structured breakdown of the cloud computing topics you will learn in a btech data science course syllabus.

Concept

Topics You Will Learn

Cloud service models SaaS, PaaS, IaaS, deployment strategies
Data storage solutions Amazon S3, Google BigQuery, Azure Data Lake
Cloud-based ML AWS SageMaker, Google Vertex AI, AI model deployment
Serverless computing AWS Lambda, Azure Functions, event-driven architecture
Security & compliance Data encryption, GDPR Compliance, cloud security best practices

To gain practical experience in cloud computing and DevOps, consider upGrad's professional certificate program in cloud computing and DevOps. This 8-month program, in collaboration with IIIT Bangalore, covers multi-cloud proficiency, including AWS, Azure, and Google Cloud, along with comprehensive DevOps training.

Cloud computing simplifies data science workflows, but presenting findings effectively is just as important as analysis. The next section covers data visualization, a key skill that helps data scientists communicate insights clearly through interactive charts and dashboards.

Data Visualization

Data visualization is an essential skill in data science that helps transform raw data into meaningful insights. It allows data scientists to communicate patterns, trends, and relationships effectively using visual elements like charts, graphs, and dashboards. 

Below are the key topics covered in data visualization in a data science syllabus.

  • Fundamentals of visualization: Understanding different types of charts, graphs, and their applications.
  • Matplotlib and Seaborn: Creating static and interactive plots for data analysis.
  • Tableau and Power BI: Building interactive dashboards for business intelligence.
  • Geospatial visualization: Mapping data trends using libraries like Folium and Plotly.
  • Storytelling with data: Best practices for designing impactful and audience-friendly visualizations.

Below is a structured breakdown of the data visualization topics you will learn in a btech data science course syllabus.

Concept

Topics You Will Learn

Fundamentals of visualization Bar charts, line graphs, scatter plots, heatmaps
Matplotlib & Seaborn Customizing plots, multi-panel figures, color palettes
Tableau & Power BI Dashboard creation, data filtering, real-time analytics
Geospatial visualization Mapping data, Choropleth maps, interactive visualizations
Storytelling with data Best practices, user engagement, effective presentation

Visualizing data allows for better decision-making, but handling large-scale structured and unstructured data requires efficient data storage techniques. The next section covers data warehousing, a crucial component of managing and analyzing historical data efficiently.

Data Warehousing

Data warehousing enables organizations to store and manage large volumes of structured data for analytical processing. It provides a centralized system where data from multiple sources is consolidated and optimized for business intelligence and decision-making.

Below are the key topics covered in data warehousing in a data science syllabus.

  • Data warehouse architecture: Understanding OLAP, OLTP, and data integration frameworks.
  • ETL processes: Extracting, transforming, and loading data for analysis.
  • Dimensional modeling: Using star and snowflake schemas for structured storage.
  • Cloud data warehouses: Platforms like Amazon Redshift, Google BigQuery, and Snowflake.
  • Query optimization: Techniques to enhance performance in large-scale databases.

Below is a structured breakdown of the data warehousing topics you will learn in a btech data science course syllabus.

Concept

Topics You Will Learn

Data warehouse architecture OLAP, OLTP, data lakes, integration layers
ETL processes Data extraction, transformation, loading automation
Dimensional modeling Star schema, snowflake schema, fact and dimension tables
Cloud data warehouses Amazon Redshift, Google BigQuery, Snowflake
Query optimization Indexing, partitioning, query performance tuning

Data warehousing ensures efficient data management, but the structure of a data science syllabus varies across different programs. The next section explores how different academic courses and certifications approach data science education, shaping career paths for aspiring professionals.

To gain a comprehensive understanding of artificial intelligence and data science, consider enrolling in the Master degree in artificial intelligence and data science program offered by O.P. Jindal Global University. This program provides in-depth knowledge and practical skills, preparing you for advanced roles in the field.

Data Science Syllabus for Various Programs

Different academic programs cover data science subjects with varying depth and focus. While some programs emphasize foundational theories, others provide hands-on training in real-world applications. 

Below is a detailed breakdown of the btech data science course syllabus, structured semester-wise to give you a clear understanding of the subjects covered each year.

BTech Data Science Course Syllabus

A btech data science course syllabus provides a strong foundation in programming, mathematics, and data handling, followed by advanced topics like machine learning and big data technologies. This program prepares students for careers in artificial intelligence, business analytics, and data-driven research.

Below are the key subjects covered in each year of a btech data science course syllabus.

Year 1: Focuses on core programming, mathematical foundations, and basic computing concepts.

Semester

Subjects Covered

Semester 1
  • Mathematics for Data Science
  • Python & C Programming
  • Physics
  • Digital Electronics & Electrical Basics
  • Communication Skills
  • Engineering Graphs
Semester 2
  • Probability & Statistics
  • Data Structures & Algorithms
  • Database Management Systems (SQL)
  • Engineering Practicals & Workshops
  • Discrete Mathematics
  • Environment Science

Year 2: Introduces data handling techniques, machine learning fundamentals, and advanced mathematical concepts.

Semester

Subjects Covered

Semester 3
Semester 4
  • Basics of Machine Learning
  • Basics of Big Data (Hadoop, Spark)
  • Web Technologies
  • Data Science Ethics
  • Data Visualization Basics (Matplotlib, Seaborn, Tableau)
  • Statistics (Advanced)

Year 3: Covers advanced topics in machine learning, deep learning, and big data technologies.

Semester

Subjects Covered

Semester 5
  • Big Data Analytics
  • Deep Learning (Neural Networks, TensorFlow/PyTorch)
  • Cloud Computing, Blockchain, or IoT (Elective)
  • Natural Language Processing
  • Data Warehousing and Mining
  • Internship/Project
Semester 6
  • Reinforcement Learning
  • Cybersecurity, AR/VR, or Robotics (Elective)
  • Advanced Machine Learning
  • Image Processing and Computer Vision
  • Internship/Research Project

Year 4: Focuses on specialized applications, research, and project-based learning.

Semester

Subjects Covered

Semester 7
  • Specialization in Advanced AI and ML, Financial Analytics, Healthcare Data Science or Marketing Analytics
  • Real-Time Big Data Systems
  • Capstone Project – Phase 1
  • Industry Internship
Semester 8
  • Capstone Project – Phase 2
  • Generative AI, Ethics in AI
  • Seminar/Research Paper
  • Open Elective Subject
  • Viva

Suppose you are looking for a data science syllabus with a balance of theoretical knowledge and practical exposure. In that case, the next section explores the BSc data science syllabus, which focuses more on statistical and analytical aspects.

BSc Data Science Syllabus

The BSc Data Science program spans three years, covering core programming, mathematics, machine learning, and data visualization. The curriculum builds strong theoretical and practical knowledge in data science subjects, preparing students for roles in analytics, AI, and business intelligence.

Below is the structured breakdown of the BSc Data Science course syllabus, arranged semester-wise.

Year 1: Focuses on fundamental mathematics, programming, and data handling techniques.

Semester

Subjects Covered

Semester 1
  • Linear Algebra
  • Basic Statistics
  • Programming in C
  • Communication Skills in English
  • Microsoft Excel Lab
  • Programming in C Lab
Semester 2
  • Probability and Inferential Statistics
  • Discrete Mathematics
  • Computer Organization and Architecture
  • Data Structures and Program Design in C
  • Programming in R Lab
  • Data Structure Lab
  • Data Warehousing and Multidimensional Modelling

Year 2: Introduces advanced computing concepts, optimization techniques, and machine learning foundations.

Semester

Subjects Covered

Semester 3
  • Database Management Systems
  • Object-Oriented Programming in Java
  • Operating Systems
  • Design and Analysis of Algorithms
  • Object-Oriented Programming in Java Lab
  • Database Management Systems Lab
Semester 4
  • Cloud Computing
  • Machine Learning I
  • Time Series Analysis
  • Data Warehousing and Multidimensional Modelling
  • Operations Research and Optimization Techniques
  • Machine Learning I Lab, 
  • Data Warehousing and Multidimensional Modelling Lab

Year 3: Covers artificial intelligence, big data, and real-world applications through projects.

Semester

Subjects Covered

Semester 5
  • Introduction to Artificial Intelligence
  • Big Data Analytics
  • Machine Learning II
  • Data Visualizations
  • Big Data Lab
  • Programming in Python Lab
  • Minor Project
Semester 6
  • Grand Viva
  • Elective I
  • Elective II
  • Major Project

Elective Subjects: Students can select electives based on their area of interest. Here’s the list:

  • Natural Language Processing Analytics
  • Financial Analytics
  • Supply Chain and Logistics Analytics
  • E-Commerce
  • Reinforcement Learning
  • HR Analytics
  • Software Testing
  • Econometrics
  • Healthcare Analytics
  • Social Media Analytics
  • Software Quality Management
  • TensorFlow for Deep Learning Research
  • Marketing and Retail Analytics
  • Visualization Techniques – Tableau

Advancing from undergraduate to postgraduate studies, the next section explores the MSc Data Science syllabus, which focuses on advanced analytics, predictive modeling, and specialized research areas.

MSc Data Science Syllabus

The MSc Data Science program is structured across three trimesters, covering essential topics such as machine learning, deep learning, big data analytics, and business intelligence. 

This curriculum is designed to build expertise in both theoretical concepts and practical applications. It prepares students for careers in artificial intelligence, data engineering, and analytics. Below is the structured breakdown of the MSc Data Science course syllabus.

Trimester I: Establishes the mathematical foundation and introduces essential programming tools.

Subjects Covered

Probability and Statistics
Linear Algebra and Calculus
Python Programming for Data Science
Database Management Systems
Data Visualization with Excel, Power BI, and Tableau

Trimester II: Focuses on machine learning fundamentals, deep learning, and large-scale data handling.

Subjects Covered

Classical Machine Learning Models
Big Data Analytics
Deep Learning and Neural Networks
Structured and Unstructured Data Management
Data Wrangling Techniques

Trimester III: Covers specialized machine learning techniques, research methodologies, and real-world applications.

Subjects Covered

Advanced Machine Learning and AI
Large-Scale Data Processing
Time Series Analysis
Business Intelligence and Decision-Making
Ethical AI and Data Governance
Business Domain-Based Capstone Project

For those looking for a globally recognized postgraduate program with an in-depth focus on applied data science, the next section covers the MS in Data Science syllabus, which integrates advanced analytics, research methodologies, and real-world case studies.

MS in Data Science

The MS in Data Science program is structured to provide an extensive understanding of data analytics, artificial intelligence, big data, and applied research. The curriculum balances foundational learning with advanced methodologies, equipping students with industry-relevant skills.

Below are the core topics covered in the MS in Data Science course syllabus.

  • Mathematical and Statistical Foundations: Covers probability, linear algebra, and statistical inference for data science applications.
  • Programming for Data Science: Includes Python and SQL for data manipulation, scripting, and database management.
  • Data Visualization and Business Intelligence: Focuses on using Tableau, Power BI, and Excel to present data-driven insights.
  • Machine Learning and Deep Learning: Introduces classical ML models, artificial neural networks, and generative AI techniques.
  • Big Data Technologies and Cloud Computing: Covers tools like Hadoop, Spark, and cloud platforms such as AWS and Google Cloud.
  • Capstone Project and Specialization: Offers industry-aligned research opportunities in business analytics, data engineering, and AI applications.

As technology advances, specialized engineering programs in data science are gaining prominence. The next section explores the MTech Data Science syllabus, designed for students aiming for computational and algorithmic expertise in the field.

MTech Data Science Syllabus

The MTech Data Science course syllabus is designed to provide students with a structured learning path, covering both theoretical foundations and advanced practical applications. The coursework is divided into multiple semesters, focusing on key data science subjects like machine learning, big data analytics, and cloud computing.

Below is the semester-wise breakdown of the data science course syllabus.

Year 1: Core Subjects and Practical Learning

The first year introduces students to foundational concepts in data science subjects.

Semester I

Semester II

Advanced Data Structures and Algorithms Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence
Mathematical Foundations for Data Science Big Data Analytics
Data Mining Techniques Cloud Computing for Data Science
Deep Learning and Neural Networks Data Visualization and Reporting
Elective I (Choose from specialized topics) Elective II (Choose from advanced topics)

Year 2: Specialization and Research Focus

The second year focuses on advanced concepts, research methodologies, and industry-driven applications. 

Semester III

Semester IV

Research Methodologies in Data Science Thesis and Research Project
Advanced Machine Learning Models Data Science for Decision Making
Big Data Engineering Capstone Project in AI & Data Science
Elective III (Choose from advanced analytics topics) Industry Internship / Research Paper Submission

Beyond full-time degrees, upGrad offers diploma and certificate courses in data science, catering to professionals seeking to enhance their skills without committing to long-term programs. These courses cover essential topics such as data analysis, machine learning, and business intelligence, providing a solid foundation for career advancement.

The next section delves into the key tools and technologies that form an essential part of data science education.

Tools and Technologies in Data Science Syllabus

Below are the key tools covered in the data science course syllabus, categorized based on their usage in data science.

Programming Tools: Python, R, SQL

Programming tools form the backbone of data science, enabling data manipulation, analysis, and machine learning model development. They provide the necessary functionality for working with structured and unstructured data efficiently.

Below are the major programming tools included in a data science course syllabus.

  • Python: The most widely used programming language in data science, known for its extensive libraries like NumPy, Pandas, and Scikit-learn. Used for data preprocessing, machine learning, and automation.
  • R: A statistical computing language used for exploratory data analysis, hypothesis testing, and visualization. Popular among researchers and academic professionals.
  • SQL: Essential for querying, managing, and retrieving data from relational databases. Used in big data platforms and structured data analysis.

Programming tools provide the foundation for working with data, but effective decision-making requires clear and insightful visualization. The next section explores visualization tools that transform raw data into meaningful insights.

Visualization Tools: Tableau, Power BI

Data visualization tools help professionals represent complex data in an understandable format. They allow users to create dashboards, reports, and interactive charts that simplify decision-making processes.

Below are the key visualization tools covered in a data science syllabus.

  • Tableau: A widely used tool for creating interactive dashboards and visual analytics. Helps businesses analyze trends and present insights effectively.
  • Power BI: A Microsoft-powered visualization tool that integrates well with Excel and SQL databases. Used for real-time reporting and business intelligence.

Visualization tools enhance the ability to interpret data, but handling massive datasets requires specialized big data tools. The next section covers technologies like Hadoop and Spark, which are essential for large-scale data processing.

Big Data Tools: Hadoop, Spark

Big data tools enable professionals to store, manage, and process vast amounts of data efficiently. These technologies are widely used in industries dealing with high-volume, high-velocity data.

Below are the essential big data tools covered in a btech data science course syllabus.

  • Hadoop: A distributed storage framework that allows parallel processing of large datasets. Used in enterprises for managing structured and unstructured data.
  • Spark: A fast and scalable data processing engine that supports real-time analytics and machine learning applications. Used for big data streaming and batch processing.

Also Read: Big Data and Hadoop Difference: Key Roles, Benefits, and How They Work Together

Big data tools handle large-scale datasets, but training machine learning and deep learning models requires specialized frameworks. The next section introduces machine learning and deep learning frameworks that power AI-driven applications.

ML/DL Frameworks: TensorFlow, PyTorch

Machine learning and deep learning frameworks provide the infrastructure for developing AI-based models. These frameworks accelerate model training and allow data scientists to build intelligent systems efficiently.

Below are the widely used ML and DL frameworks covered in a data science course syllabus.

  • TensorFlow: A powerful deep learning framework developed by Google. Used for training neural networks, natural language processing, and image recognition.
  • PyTorch: A flexible deep learning framework widely used in research and production. Known for its ease of use and dynamic computation graph.

Also Read: Top 15 Deep Learning Frameworks You Need to Know in 2025

Machine learning and deep learning frameworks power AI applications, but modern data science workflows often rely on cloud computing for scalability and efficiency. The next section explores cloud platforms that support data science projects.

Cloud Platforms: AWS, Google Cloud

Cloud platforms provide scalable computing resources for data storage, processing, and machine learning model deployment. They enable data scientists to work with large datasets without requiring extensive on-premise infrastructure.

Below are the key cloud platforms covered in a btech data science course syllabus.

  • AWS (Amazon Web Services): Offers cloud-based machine learning, big data analytics, and storage solutions. Used by enterprises for scalable data science workflows.
  • Google Cloud: Provides tools like BigQuery, AutoML, and Vertex AI for managing and analyzing large-scale data efficiently. Preferred for AI-driven cloud applications.

Also Read: AWS Vs Azure: Which Cloud Computing Platform is Right For You?

Cloud platforms support seamless deployment of machine learning models and large-scale data processing. To gain a holistic understanding of the data science syllabus, the next section explores an all-around curriculum offered by upGrad. It covers industry-relevant technologies and career-focused training.

upGrad’s All-Round Courses for Data Science Syllabus

upGrad offers a comprehensive range of data science courses, each designed to equip students with the necessary skills and knowledge to excel in the field. These programs cater to various learning needs, from foundational knowledge to advanced expertise in data science subjects.

Below is a table summarizing upGrad's data science courses and certifications:

Program

Duration

Key Highlights

Master of Science in Artificial Intelligence and Data Science 12 months

- Comprehensive curriculum covering AI and data science

- Collaboration with Jindal Global University

- Emphasis on research and practical applications

Executive PG Programme in Data Science 12 months

- In-depth focus on data analysis and machine learning

- Partnership with IIIT Bangalore

- Designed for working professionals seeking career advancement

Advanced Certificate Program in Data Science 8 months

- Focus on foundational data science concepts

- Collaboration with IIIT Bangalore

- Suitable for beginners aiming to enter the data science field

Master of Science in Data Science 18 months

- In-depth focus on data analysis and machine learning

- Partnership with Liverpool John Moores University and IIIT Bangalore

- Designed for working professionals seeking career advancement

Choosing the right data science course is crucial for your career development. The next section provides guidance on selecting the best program to meet your goals and aspirations.

upGrad’s Exclusive Data Science Webinar for you –

Watch our Webinar on How to Build Digital & Data Mindset?

 

How to Choose the Best Data Science Course?

With numerous programs available, making an informed choice requires careful evaluation. Below are the key factors to consider while choosing a data science course.

  • Accreditation and Recognition: Ensure the program is affiliated with a reputed university or institution. Accredited programs provide credibility and better career prospects.
  • Comprehensiveness of the Data Science Syllabus: A strong data science course syllabus should cover essential topics like machine learning, big data, cloud computing, and AI applications. Practical exposure is equally important.
  • Industry-Relevant Skills: Look for programs that emphasize real-world case studies, projects, and internships. These experiences bridge the gap between academic learning and industry requirements.
  • Flexibility and Learning Format: Consider whether the program is full-time, part-time, or online. The format should align with your schedule and learning preferences.
  • Placement and Career Support: Research the placement record, hiring partners, and career support services offered by the institution. Strong placement assistance boosts job opportunities.
  • Cost and ROI: Compare the tuition fees against the potential return on investment. Programs that offer high employability at a reasonable cost provide better value.

Choosing the right data science course requires assessing multiple factors to ensure it meets your learning objectives. The next section explores key considerations, including curriculum, faculty expertise, and placement opportunities.

Factors to Consider: Curriculum, Faculty, Placement Opportunities

A well-designed data science syllabus should provide a balance between theory and hands-on learning. Apart from course content, faculty experience and placement opportunities play a crucial role in determining the course's effectiveness.

Below are the most important factors to assess before enrolling in a data science course.

  • Curriculum Depth: A strong data science course syllabus should cover fundamental and advanced topics, including machine learning, deep learning, cloud computing, and data visualization.
  • Faculty Expertise: Experienced faculty with academic and industry backgrounds bring valuable insights. Professors with research contributions and practical exposure enhance the learning experience.
  • Industry Collaborations: Programs partnered with tech firms and research institutions provide better exposure. Collaborations often lead to internship and placement opportunities.
  • Hands-on Projects: A curriculum that includes real-world case studies, capstone projects, and datasets prepares students for practical challenges in data science.
  • Placement Assistance: Institutions with strong placement support, career counseling, and networking opportunities increase job prospects after course completion.

Also Read: Career in Data Science: Jobs, Salary, and Skills Required

Apart from faculty and curriculum, the mode of learning—online or offline—plays a significant role in shaping your learning experience. The next section compares the benefits and limitations of online and offline courses.

Online vs. Offline Courses: Pros and Cons of Each

The choice between online and offline courses depends on factors like flexibility, interaction, and accessibility. Both formats have advantages and challenges that students should consider before enrolling in a data science course.

Below is a comparison of the pros and cons of online and offline learning formats.

  • Online Courses:
    • Pros: Flexible schedule, access to global instructors, cost-effective, and self-paced learning.
    • Cons: Requires self-discipline, limited networking opportunities, and fewer hands-on lab experiences.
  • Offline Courses:
    • Pros: Interactive learning, direct mentorship, peer collaboration, and better networking opportunities.
    • Cons: Fixed schedule, higher costs, and location constraints.

Selecting between online and offline courses depends on your career goals, availability, and learning style. The next section explores how upGrad offers structured learning programs that cater to both online and hybrid learning models.

How Can upGrad Help You?

upGrad is a leading online learning platform with over 10 million learners and 200+ courses, designed to help you build expertise in data science subjects. Whether you are a beginner looking to enter the field or a professional aiming to upskill, you will find industry-relevant courses tailored to your learning goals.

Below are some of the best data science courses on upGrad that align with a M.Tech and B.Tech data science course syllabus and advanced programs:

If you need guidance on which course best fits your goals, you can take advantage of upGrad’s free one-on-one career counseling session. Get personalized advice on industry trends, job opportunities, and skill development to make informed career decisions.

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