Functional vs Non-functional Requirements: List & Examples
By Rohit Sharma
Updated on Apr 24, 2024 | 8 min read | 5.9k views
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By Rohit Sharma
Updated on Apr 24, 2024 | 8 min read | 5.9k views
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Deciphering a project’s requirements before its inception is an excellent way to regulate a project development process. A well-documented list of requirements is essential when working on any project since it enables managing entities to align time and resources for a well-curated plan. There are cases when the absence of these requirements may even lead to the project’s failure.
You can avoid these issues simply by defining functional and non-functional requirements. Some non-functional needs are challenging to define, even when functional requirements may be self-evident.
Requirements must be precisely defined for a project to succeed. These requirements also ensure that the client and development team work towards the same objectives. You must articulate requirements to avoid misunderstandings between the team and the client to raise the likelihood of a project succeeding.
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Let’s have a look at the kind of impact defining functional and non-functional requirements brings into the system:
When you have a set of requirements, all the stakeholders, like the developers, program managers, and the other team members, are aligned on the same page. This helps in avoiding any misunderstanding while a project is underway.
Working closely with the BA guarantees shorter development times and significantly defined requirements. A similar strategy lowers the project’s cost and the time needed for communication during the development phase.
With a list of detailed requirements, one can estimate the project’s development time with utmost precision. Also, the pre-decided requirements help you ascertain the cost of the project.
When you have a list of requirements, it becomes easy to visualise the project during its inception stage. Hence, it becomes easy to identify any error that might affect the project at a later stage. Therefore, having a set of requirements helps predict mistakes and saves time and money.
The quality of the requirements and the ready-to-go wireframes help the developers predict the project results. Hence, you can analyse if a project will meet your expectations by having the functional and non-functional requirements at your disposal.
Functional requirements are those requirements that specify what a system should do in a specific condition. A functional requirement will explain the system’s specific behaviour or function when given circumstances are met.
These requirements comprise the product features and capabilities that web and app developers must incorporate into the solution and how the system should behave under particular circumstances. Such specifications must be exact for both the development team and stakeholders.
There are several things that a functional requirement includes:
In business analytics, you must include these elements to ensure the output generated is up to the mark. You must create a functional requirements specification document to capture all functional requirements. They could be user stories and use cases to offer deeper comprehension.
Different sections are a part of the specification document. Some of these important sections include the following:
Purpose: The purpose section covers the background of a project along with the system overview to ensure that the project’s objectives are summed up briefly.
Overall description: You must also mention your vision for the project and the business rules governing it. You must also include the assumptions that you are making during the project.
Specific requirements: Specific requirements may range from database to functional requirements specific to the project.
Use Cases: Use cases outline how the system interacts with outside users to accomplish specific objectives. The use cases have three main elements: actors, system functional requirements, and goals.
User Stories: User stories are explanations of software features written from the end user’s viewpoint. The document provides examples of user interactions with the solution.
While the word ‘requirement’ might be used generically, there is a difference between functional and non-functional requirements. A non-functional requirement specifies how a particular system performs a specific function. It defines the system’s behaviour and how the project objective should be delivered.
In business analytics, the non-functional requirements cover all the demands not captured under the functional requirements. They define standards that evaluate system performance as opposed to particular behaviours.
While a functional requirement is important, meeting all the non-functional requirements is not mandatory. However, non-functional requirements are vital as they directly impact the usability of a solution.
Some of the typical non-functional requirements include the following:
Several parties in a system ensure that the non-functional requirements are duly met. The non-functional requirements affect the system’s users, and hence, they are important.
Let us now try to understand how analysts define the non-functional requirements:
Now that you know what functional and non-functional requirements are, it is important to understand how they differ. Let’s have a look at the functional vs non-functional requirements below:
Functional Requirements | Non-Functional Requirements |
These requirements define a system or a particular component. | These requirements define the quality or the behaviour of the system. |
It specifies the particular function that a system must perform. | It specifies how the system should meet the functional requirements. |
The users, in this case, specify the requirements. | These requirements are specified by the people with the technical know-how of the system, like software developers. |
It is mandatory to meet a functional requirement. | Adhering to the non-functional requirements is not mandatory. |
A functional requirement is defined at a component level. | A non-functional requirement applies to the entire system in place. |
These requirements are designed to check the functionality of the software. | These requirements check the performance of the software in consideration. |
Functional requirements are simple and easy to define. | Non-functional requirements are quite difficult to define. |
While both of these requirements are different from each other, both of them are significant when designing software.
Collecting and documenting all of your functional and non-functional requirements is essential to a well-curated development process. The best way to define these requirements is to bring all the stakeholders together. These requirements can easily be divided into four groups:
Once you have defined all the functional requirements, it is time to move to the non-functional requirements. You need to take care of the following aspects:
Both of these requirements will decide the direction of your project. Therefore, you must define them with utmost care and precision.
With the onset of business analytics making its way as an indomitable part of any organisation, knowing its key aspects, like functional and non-functional requirements, is equally valuable to assist project development. From creating a regulated project structure to utilising optimum resources towards enhanced revenue generation, these requirements can pave the way for improved software production.
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