How to Install FS Module in Node JS? [Step-by-Step Guide]

Node.js is one of the commonly preferred JavaScript runtime server environments, allowing them to create dynamic websites. It is evident that any project can not proceed without having different files holding the code. If any of the files malfunctions, it can impact the entire project. Working and managing files is crucial, but with Node.js you can do it efficiently. Not just handling, you can easily read, write, rename, or delete a file and save time for every developer.

Node.js lets the developers alter the files with its built-in fs (file system) module. The node js fs install module comes with all basic functions that you can perform for a specific file within your project. So, let's dive into the information on how to install fs module in Node.js.

What is Node Module FS?

Before diving into the installation steps, let's shed light on what the NPM fs module in node js entails. In the vast ecosystem of Node.js, the NPM (Node Package Manager) `fs` module stands as a cornerstone for developers seeking to engage with the intricacies of file system operations. "NPM FS" refers to the Node.js core module known as File System, providing a versatile set of functions that empower developers to interact with files and directories seamlessly. As an experienced Node.js enthusiast, I can attest to the fundamental role the fs module in node js plays in shaping robust applications. 

Imagine `fs` as a toolkit within Node.js, equipped with tools for reading, writing, and manipulating files. Its capabilities extend to handling directories, making it an indispensable asset for a myriad of applications, from web servers managing file uploads to scripts automating file-related tasks. 

This module operates synchronously and asynchronously, allowing developers to choose the method that best suits the needs of their applications. Whether you're building a file explorer, a content management system, or a data processing pipeline, the fs module in node js serves as your trusty companion, offering a rich set of functions to navigate the intricacies of file management in a Node.js environment. Throughout this guide, we'll explore how to harness the power of NPM FS, unlocking new dimensions in Node.js development.

Prerequisites to Install NPM FS Module

• Node.js Installation: To kickstart our exploration of the `fs` module, the first step is to have Node.js installed on your machine. If you haven't done so, head over to the official Node.js website, where you'll find tailored installation instructions based on your operating system. A seamless installation sets the foundation for harnessing the power of Node.js and its expansive module ecosystem. 
• Text Editor: A crucial element in your Node.js coding journey is the choice of a reliable text editor. Whether you lean towards the feature-rich Visual Studio Code, the lightweight Sublime Text, or another editor that suits your preferences, having a conducive coding environment enhances your productivity and coding experience. 
• Terminal Access: Mastering the command-line interface (CLI) or terminal is indispensable for executing Node.js commands effectively. Ensure that you have terminal access to your machine, providing a straightforward way to interact with Node.js and execute commands that are integral to the development process. 
• Basic JavaScript Knowledge: While this guide is crafted to be beginner-friendly, possessing a foundational understanding of JavaScript will undoubtedly enrich your comprehension of Node.js concepts. Familiarity with JavaScript basics, such as variables, functions, and control flow, forms a solid groundwork for delving into the intricacies of Node.js. 
• NPM Installation: Node.js bundles NPM (Node Package Manager), a vital tool for managing packages and dependencies in your projects. Verify the installation of NPM by running `npm -v` in your terminal. In case NPM is not installed, refer to the official NPM website for straightforward installation instructions, ensuring you have this essential tool at your disposal. 

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Step-by-Step Guide to Install Node.js

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Embarking on the journey of Node.js development begins with the essential step of installing the Node.js runtime on your machine. This step-by-step guide will walk you through the process, ensuring a seamless setup for unleashing the power of Node.js and its versatile ecosystem of modules. 

A. Install Node.js For Windows

1. Visit the Official Node.js Website:** Navigate to the official Node.js website (https://nodejs.org/). 
2. Download Windows Installer:** Locate and download the Windows installer suitable for your system (32-bit or 64-bit). 
3. Run the Installer:** Execute the downloaded installer and follow the on-screen instructions. 
4. Verify Installation:** Open the Command Prompt and type `node -v` to confirm that Node.js is successfully installed. 

B. Install Node.js For macOS

1. Using Homebrew (Optional):** If you have Homebrew installed, simply run `brew install node` in your terminal. 
2. Download macOS Installer:** Alternatively, download the macOS installer from the Node.js website. 
3. Install Node.js:** Run the downloaded installer, following the prompts for installation. 
4. Verify Installation:** In the terminal, type `node -v` to ensure Node.js is installed correctly. 

C. Install Node.js For Linux

1. Use Package Manager:** Utilize the package manager specific to your Linux distribution (e.g., `apt`, `yum`, or `zypper`) to install Node.js. 
2. Download Linux Installer (Optional):** Alternatively, download the Linux installer from the Node.js website. 
3. Install Node.js:** Follow the commands provided by your package manager or run the Linux installer. 
4. Verify Installation:** Confirm the successful installation by typing `node -v` in the terminal. 

Following these steps ensures that Node.js is installed on your system, laying the foundation for exploring its rich ecosystem of modules. With Node.js in place, you're now ready to delve into the next steps of installing the `fs` module and unlocking the potential of file system operations in your Node.js projects.

How to Install the fs Module in Node JS? 

The fs modules let you seamlessly work and manage the files and directories in your system. All you need is to include it in your code using the “require” function and passing fs as the parameter, as shown below.

const fs = require('fs');

After using the above code, you can get access to the several methods that are mentioned below.

How to Read Files Using fs.readFile()?

First, to read the content from the file, we will import the fs module in the code. It lets you access the readFile() method. We will explain the working of how fs.readFile() works, we will be considering the following example. 

• To get started, we will create a folder, named “hello”. Go to the desktop and create the folder named “hello”. We will be using this folder for further coding.
• We are using the VS Code to run the Node.js. So, install its latest version and open the application on your system. The screen looks this.

• Click on the open folder option on the top and navigate to your desktop's “hello” folder. Now go to the “Run and Debug” the fourth option on the left-side pane as shown in the above image. You will get the terminal, where you can run further commands.

• Then change the working directory to the above-mentioned newly created directory, hello. Run the following command to do so.

cd hello

• Now, we will create a file in this “hello” folder. We will try to read its content. To create a new file “file1.txt”, we will click the new file option as shown below.

Enter the “this is the first file to get the content” on the right-side pane and save the file.

• Create another file under the “hello” folder. This file will contain the code to read the content of the “file1.txt”. We will name this file “findContent.js”. To create the file, we will follow the above same process.

You can see the file under the hello folder.

Now add the following code on the right side pane and save it (ctrl + s). 

const fs = require('fs').promises; //1 
async function readFile(filePath) { //2 
try { 
const data = await fs.readFile(filePath); 
console.log(data.toString()); 
} catch (error) { 
console.error(`Got an error trying to read the file: ${error.message}`);
} 
} 
readFile('file1.txt'); //3 

You can see that we marked the above code as 1,2, and 3. It is important to understand why we used this code and how it will get the file1.txt’s content. 

You can see that we marked the above code as 1,2, and 3. It is important to understand why we used this code and how it will get the file1.txt’s content. 

1. As you can see, we have used the promise version of the fs module. The promises object in the fs module uses promises so the fs module continues to expose callback functions.
2. Then, we create the async function (using the async keyword) to read the file’s content. The async function resolves the promises using the await keyword. Mention the readFile() function by taking the file path as an argument. Then the try..catch block will handle the unexpected error. In this case, the error could be due to the missing file or the code does not have the required access to get the file’s content.
3. Then, we have to mention the file name “file1.txt” that we have created with content.

• To run the “findContent.js” file, you need to hit the following command on the terminal.

node findContent.js 

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How to Write Files Using fs.writeFile()?

The fs module lets you write the content to the file. For example, we are creating a CSV file storing information about gadgets. With the first command, it will create the file. Then, with the next command, we will append the content to the created file. We will create a new file “writecontent.js” as we had created the earlier file.

• In this code, we will create two different functions where the first will create the CSV file and another one will add the data. Open the writeContent.js file and add the following code.

const fs = require('fs').promises; //1 
async function openFile() { //2 
try { 
const csvHeaders = 'name,price' 
await fs.writeFile('gadgets.csv', csvHeaders); 
} catch (error) { 
console.error(`Got an error trying to write to a file: ${error.message}`); 
} 
} 
async function addGadget(name, price) { //3 
try { 
const csvLine = `\n${name},${price}` 
await fs.writeFile('gadgets.csv', csvLine, { flag: 'a' }); 
} catch (error) { 
console.error(`Got an error trying to write to a file: ${error.message}`); 
} 
} 
(async function () { //4 
await openFile(); 
await addGadget('laptop’, 23000); 
await addGadget(‘mobile’, 12000); 
})(); 

Let’s see, what the above code is doing. Again, we have marked the code. 

1. First, we will import the fs module, the promise version. 
2. Here, with the async function we are creating a variable “csvHeaders” storing the headers of the CSV file. Then the writeFile() function will create a file in the current working directory and add content to it.
3. With this second function “addGadget”, we will be adding items to your gadget list. The writeFile() method has a third argument: a JavaScript object (a) specifying the append operation.
4. To call the addGadget function, we have created a wrapper function with an async function. You have to wrap the asynchronous functions in an async function as openFile() and addGadget() are asynchronous functions. If you do not enclose them, it will disrupt the order of the call.

Run the writeContent.js file using the following command from the VS terminal. 

node writeContent.js 

As you can see the gadgets.csv file has been created under the hello folder.

• To list the content, we have run the following command.

cat gadgets.csv

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How to Delete Files Using fs.unlink()?

To delete a file, the fs module provides the unlink() method of the fs module. Here, we will delete the gadgets.csv file.

• First, we will create a file “deleteContent.js” that will store the code to delete the gadgets.csv file.

const fs = require('fs').promises; //1 
async function deleteFile(filePath) { //2 
try { 
await fs.unlink(filePath); 
console.log(`Deleted ${filePath}`); 
} catch (error) { 
console.error(`Got an error trying to delete the file: ${error.message}`); 
} 
} 
deleteFile('gadgets.csv'); //3 

Now, we will see what the above code is doing. Again, we have marked different sections of the code. 

1. We have imported the fs module to use the unlink method. 
2. Then we use an async deleteFile() function where we specify the file path as an argument. Then we are passing the filepath to the unlink() function (with one argument- file path to delete the file) that will remove the file from your filesystem. 
3. At last, we have passed the “gadgets.csv” file to the deleteFile function. 

• Now, run the “deleteContent.js” using the following command. 

node deleteContent.js 

• To confirm the deletion, we will check the contents of the hello folder.

How to Rename Files Using fs.rename()?

For moving the files from one location to another, you can use the fs’s rename function. For this, we use the rename() method of the fs module. As we have deleted the gadgets.csv, we are left with file1.txt. We will be copying it to another folder. But first, we will create a destination folder where we will copy it.

• Use the following command to create a new directory in cwd.

mkdir hello_1

You can see the folder “hello_1” on the left-side pane. 

• Now we will create a “renameContent.js” file with the following code.

const fs = require('fs').promises; //1 
async function moveFile(source, destination) { //2 
try { 
await fs.rename(source, destination); 
console.log(`Moved file from ${source} to ${destination}`); 
} catch (error) { 
console.error(`Got an error trying to move the file: ${error.message}`); 
} 
} 
moveFile('hello/file1.txt', 'hello_1/file2.txt'); //3 

We will see what the above code is doing and have marked the sections of the code.

1. We have imported the fs module with a promise version. To use the rename function. 
2. Then we have created an async function called moveFile() to call the rename() function. The rename() function will take two parameters- source and destination to copy the file. Where the source specifies the original file and the destination specifies the path of the destination location.
3. Then comes the moveFile function where we have passed the parameters to copy the file. 

• Now run the js file to complete the process. 

node renameContent.js 

• Confirm the copying of the file using the following command.

How to Create and Delete a System Directory in Node.js ?

A. Creating directory

The fs module provides the mkdir() method to create a new directory.

• Create a new file “newDir.js” under the cwd with the following code. 

const fs = require('fs').promises; //1 
fs.mkdir(`${process.cwd()}/hello/data`, { recursive: true }, (err) => { //2 
if (err) throw err; 
console.log('Folder created successfully!'); 
}); 

Now, we will see what the above code is doing. 

1. We have imported the fs module to use the mkdir function for creating a new directory. 
2. We have used the mkdir function and have passed different arguments. The first argument will create the directory under the cwd (current working directory) using the process object. Then we passed the folder name (you can mention a different path also). The second parameter is the recursive option. If it is not set to true, you cannot create multiple folders. 

• To run the code for “newDir.js”, run the following command from the VS terminal, as shown below. 

node newDir.js

Also, we have confirmed the creation of a new directory using the “ls hello” command. 

B. Deleting directory

The process will be the same as creating the new directory. All you need is to change the mkdir function with the rmdir function. It is also available under the fs module to delete the directory. 

• We will create a new file “delDir.js” with the following code. 

const fs = require('fs').promises; //1 
fs.rmdir(`${process.cwd()}/hello/data`, { recursive: true }, (err) => { //2 
if (err) throw err; 
console.log('Folder deleted successfully!'); 
}); 

• We have imported the fs module to use the rmdir function to delete the directory. Again, we have passed the path to the same directory path with the recursive option set to true. 
• Now we will run the “delDir.js” file using the following command. 

Node delDir.js 

• To confirm the deletion, we have run the following command. 

cd hello 

Errors During Installation 

In the realm of software development, encountering occasional installation hiccups is not uncommon. Let me share a personal experience that sheds light on navigating these challenges. 

Personal Story: Navigating Installation Hiccups 

In the midst of a complex project, I found myself grappling with unexpected errors during the installation of the fs module in node.js. The root cause of the issue is traced back to conflicting versions of Node.js and NPM. By strategically downgrading NPM to a version compatible with the project's requirements, I successfully resolved the problem. This experience underscored the critical importance of meticulous version management and troubleshooting skills when tackling installation hurdles. 

Troubleshooting Tips for Installation Errors 

1. Overcoming Common Hurdles 

While installation errors can be a source of frustration, equipping yourself with effective troubleshooting tips can turn these challenges into opportunities for learning and improvement. Here are some common issues and their corresponding solutions: 

Incorrect Node.js Version 

Ensure that your Node.js version aligns with the requirements of the `fs` module. Consult the module's documentation to identify the recommended Node.js version and update your Node.js accordingly. 

npm install -g n 
n latest 

2. Permissions Issue 

If encountering permission-related obstacles during installation, steer clear of using `sudo` with NPM commands. Instead, configure NPM to install global packages without elevated permissions. 

mkdir ~/.npm-global 
npm config set prefix '~/.npm-global' 
export PATH=~/.npm-global/bin:$PATH 

3. Firewall Restrictions 

Firewall restrictions may impede NPM from fetching packages. To address this, adjust your firewall settings to grant NPM unrestricted access to the registry. 

4. Proxy Settings 

For those operating behind a proxy, configure NPM to align with your proxy settings. 

npm config set proxy http://proxy.example.com:8080 
npm config set https-proxy http://proxy.example.com:8080 

By navigating these troubleshooting tips, you empower yourself to overcome installation challenges effectively and ensure a smooth integration of the `fs` module into your Node.js projects. 

Uninstalling NPM FS Module

While the fs module in Node js is a powerful tool for file system operations, there may be scenarios where uninstallation becomes necessary. Whether project requirements shift, or compatibility issues arise, removing the fs module provides a clean slate for adjustments. Uninstalling the fs module is a straightforward process that ensures your Node.js environment reflects the evolving needs of your project. 

Uninstalling the fs module in node js is not a declaration of its inadequacy; rather, it's a strategic decision tailored to the dynamic nature of software development. As you navigate your Node.js projects, the flexibility to install and uninstall modules ensures that your applications remain agile and adaptable to changing circumstances.  

Why Uninstall NPM FS Module? 

Assessing the Need for Uninstallation 

Uninstalling the fs module node js becomes a strategic choice in specific scenarios, warranting careful consideration. One compelling reason to uninstall is the evolution of project requirements. As your project's scope shifts, the need for certain modules may diminish, making uninstallation a proactive step in streamlining your project's dependencies. 

Additionally, compatibility issues with other modules may prompt the decision to remove the fs module in node js. Ensuring harmonious interactions between various components of your project is pivotal for its overall stability and functionality. Uninstallation provides a clean slate, allowing you to reassess your project's needs and make informed decisions about the inclusion or exclusion of specific modules. 

Steps for Uninstalling NPM FS Module

Executing a Clean Uninstallation 

To initiate the uninstallation process for the fs module node.js, navigate to your project directory and execute the following command: 

npm uninstall fs 

This command serves as a straightforward directive to the Node Package Manager (NPM), prompting the removal of the fs module in node js from your project's dependencies. By executing a clean uninstallation, you not only declutter your project but also pave the way for adjusting and optimizing your dependencies based on the evolving dynamics of your development journey. 

Advantages of Using NPM FS 

Before we explore the advantages bestowed by the fs module nodejs, it's crucial to appreciate the transformative power it brings to Node.js development. The fs module, as an integral part of Node.js, opens doors to a realm of possibilities in handling file system operations. Its installation marks not just the inclusion of a module but the infusion of versatility into your applications, enhancing your ability to navigate, manipulate, and interact with files and directories seamlessly. 

1. Asynchronous File Operations 

The prowess of the fs module in node js shines in its capability to execute asynchronous file operations efficiently. Asynchronous operations, a hallmark of Node.js, enable non-blocking I/O tasks, empowering your applications to handle multiple operations concurrently. This translates to improved performance and responsiveness, particularly crucial in scenarios where tasks like reading, writing, or processing files occur simultaneously. 

2. Broad Range of Functions 

Dive into a rich repository of functions within the fs module in node js, covering an extensive spectrum of file system operations. Whether your application demands reading the content of a file, writing data to a new file, or manipulating directories, the fs module node js provides dedicated functions tailored to each operation. This versatility simplifies the implementation of diverse file-related tasks, fostering efficiency and code maintainability. 

3. Error Handling Capabilities 

The robustness of the fs module node js extends to its comprehensive error handling capabilities. Built-in mechanisms ensure that your applications gracefully manage unexpected issues during file operations. Whether it's a missing file, permission-related concerns, or other potential errors, the fs module in node js equips you with tools to handle these scenarios gracefully, enhancing the overall reliability and resilience of your file-centric workflows. 

4. Stream-Based Operations 

Unlock the efficiency of stream-based operations with the fs module node js. Streams enable the processing of data in manageable chunks, minimizing memory usage and optimizing performance. This feature is particularly valuable when dealing with large files or streaming data between different processes. By leveraging streams, you enhance the efficiency of your file operations and ensure optimal resource utilization within your Node.js applications. 

5. Cross-Platform Compatibility 

Designed with cross-platform compatibility in mind, the fs module in node js facilitates seamless interaction with the file system across various operating systems. Whether your application runs on Windows, macOS, or Linux, the fs module node js ensures consistent and reliable file system interactions. This cross-platform adaptability streamlines development and deployment processes, allowing your Node.js applications to maintain consistent functionality regardless of the underlying operating system.

Asynchronous vs Synchronous fs Methods

The fs module supports the asynchronous and callback-based functions by default. But, not all the functions are asynchronous, some of the functions are synchronous, such as readFileSync and writeFileSync. To avoid the blocking situation and unresponsive application, the I/O operations are also done asynchronously.

It is recommended that all file-related and I/O-related operations must be done asynchronously to avoid the vagueness of your code. So, you must also go for the asynchronous versions of the fs methods while working with the filesystem. But, in some scenarios where you want to explicitly block your program’s execution, you can go for the synchronous versions. Some of those scenarios load configs before the actual program runs.

For example:

const fs = require("fs");
const config = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync("./config.json"));
// include your code now.

If you do not want to implement the above scenario, you must use the asynchronous fs method to deal with the file system.

If you do not want to implement the above scenario, you must use the asynchronous fs method to deal with the file system.

Conclusion

By this point, you must developed a better idea of how you can install fs module in Node.js. With this module, you can efficiently play around with the entire filesystem. We have mentioned a list of actions that you can perform using the fs module, its functions and how to install fs module in node js. But, we have explained only the most commonly used functions. If you understand these, you can work with the other functions easily. 

One simply needs the fs module in the Node.js script to access its file system capabilities. Register for upGrad’s Executive Post Graduate Programme in Data Science from IIIT Bangalore to hone your knowledge and practical skills in data science. 

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