PhD Eligibility Criteria: Essential Steps, Tips, and Alternatives for 2025

A PhD is a research-focused degree that involves studying real-world problems. PhDs, particularly in fields like technology and business, drive innovations, improve processes, and solve industry challenges.

From 9,206 PhD enrolments in 2017-18, the number grew to 17,832 in 2021-22, a rise of over 93%. Additionally, there has been a 13% rise in doctoral- and professional-level occupations, indicating a growing preference for professionals with research experience.

In this blog, you’ll explore PhD eligibility criteria and alternative paths for enrollment.

PhD Eligibility Criteria in 2025: Key Requirements

PhD eligibility criteria vary based on the discipline and country. India, for instance, requires GATE for engineering disciplines, whereas the US may mandate GRE. For foreign universities, language proficiency, such as IELTS or TOEFL, may be required.

Researching the requirements for your target programs helps you plan your application effectively, ensuring you meet all prerequisites and deadlines.

Since eligibility requirements vary, let's break them down by discipline, mode of study, country, and more.

General PhD Eligibility Criteria in India

General requirements for PhD admissions include an academic degree, such as a Master's, and qualifying in an entrance exam. Some programs also require work experience and interviews. 

Here are the general PhD eligibility criteria.

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PhD Eligibility Criteria by Discipline

Apart from common entrance exams like UGC NET and GATE, some universities, such as JNU, conduct their own specific entrance tests for PhD admissions.

Here are the PhD eligibility criteria for different streams.

Also Read: Best PhD Courses in India in 2025: Which One Should You Choose?

PhD Eligibility Criteria by Mode of Study

Students can pursue a PhD in different formats: full-time, part-time, and online. The eligibility criteria for each option may change depending on the university and country.

Here are the different modes of study for a PhD.

• Full-time

This is the traditional route where you dedicate your time exclusively to research. Most institutions have clear academic requirements and may require a full-time commitment to coursework, exams, and research. Full-time students often receive scholarships, fellowships, and research assistantships as financial assistance.

• Part-time

It is suitable for working professionals who want to balance their careers while pursuing research. However, it needs significant dedication outside of work hours. In many cases, an NOC from the employer is needed to ensure there is no conflict between the work schedule and research commitments.

• Online PhD

Countries like the UK, the US, and Canada offer online PhD options, providing flexibility for students who cannot dedicate themselves to a traditional full-time schedule. However, in India, online PhD programs are rare as most students are required to attend in-person sessions for research and supervision.

PhD Eligibility Criteria by Country

Country-wise, PhD eligibility criteria vary significantly, including differences in marks required and entrance exams like the GRE. Additionally, some countries and institutions have requirements for work experience and English language proficiency through tests like TOEFL or IELTS. 

Here are the requirements for PhD admissions in different countries.

Also Read: What is a Doctorate Degree? Everything You Need to Know

After understanding how PhD eligibility criteria vary based on factors like mode of study and place of study, let’s take a detailed look at the admission process.

How to Apply for PhD Admissions in 2025? Key Steps

The steps to apply for PhD admissions involve steps like selecting the right research area, preparing for the entrance test, and then applying to specific universities.

 Here are the steps involved in applying for PhD admissions.

1. Preparing for Your PhD Journey

Check whether a PhD aligns with your career goals. A PhD needs long-term dedication and a passion for research. For example, if you are interested in machine learning, check whether you want to contribute original research to the field or focus on teaching.

Action: Start by attending research conferences and networking with academics in your field to check if a PhD is the right choice.

2. Selecting the Right Research Area

Research areas should align with your personal interest as well as market demand. For example, if you are in biotechnology, you can focus on genetic editing or CRISPR technologies—both trending topics with vast potential for research.

Action: Read recent papers, attend webinars, or talk to professionals in your field to identify an area where you can make a significant contribution.

3. Choosing the Best University for Your PhD

Consider universities that are strong in your chosen field of research. For instance, if you’re interested in data science, institutions like IIT Madras offer programs with a focus on machine learning, AI, and data analytics.

Action: Check the faculty expertise of potential institutions. Check for members' publications and research projects to see if their work aligns with your interests. 

4. Understanding PhD Admission Requirements

Each university has specific requirements, ranging from academic scores to entrance exam qualifications. For instance, if you’re applying to an institution like JNU, you need to be aware of the minimum academic qualifications required and the entrance exams, such as UGC NET.

Action: Carefully review the specific admission criteria for each university. If it's a foreign university, check for additional requirements like English Language Proficiency.  

5. Crafting a Standout Application

Your CV or resume must show academic excellence and research potential. For instance, if you have conducted undergraduate research, highlight that as part of your application.

Action: Customize your CV based on the program. Highlight research projects, publications, or internships that show your experience and readiness for PhD work.

Also Read: How to Build a Resume For Your Dream Job: A Comprehensive Guide

6. Effective Test Preparation for PhD Admissions

Prepare thoroughly for admission tests such as GATE or UGC NET. Focus on the quantitative section if you’re from a technical background. 

Action: If you are working, set aside dedicated time each day or week for preparation. Consider enrolling in coaching or preparatory classes if you need professional help.

7. Understanding the Application Process

Many institutions have specific admission cycles, with some having fixed deadlines for entrance exams and others giving rolling admissions. For instance, universities like IISc (Indian Institute of Science) have entrance exams and interview processes in August-September.

Action: Start preparing your research proposal and gather required documents like transcripts and reference letters early on to avoid delays.

8. Preparing for the PhD Interview

Some universities require an interview, especially for research-focused applications. Be ready to discuss your research interests and academic background. For example, if you’re applying for a business PhD program, be prepared to discuss how your previous research can align with the school’s research goals.

Action: Practice answering common interview questions like Why do you want to pursue a PhD? or What makes you excited about our research lab?

Also Read: Most Asked PhD Interview Questions and Answers in India

9. Exploring PhD Funding Options

Many universities offer research assistantships, fellowships, or teaching assistantships that provide both financial support and academic experience. For instance, in India, the UGC-JRF provides financial support for doctoral research.

Action: Research available funding opportunities at the universities. Look for external funding options like research grants, government scholarships, or private foundations.

Also Read: Top 10 Career Opportunities in India after PhD in 2025

After examining the PhD admissions process in detail for the traditional mode of study, let’s explore the alternative routes to enroll in a PhD program.

Alternative PhD Routes: Admission Options Beyond the Traditional Path

Alternative paths for PhD programs include Master's + PhD double degree, industry-sponsored research, and foreign university programs. These paths often do not require entrance exams or specific academic scores. 

Here are the alternative paths to PhD admissions.

• Master’s + PhD Double Degree Program

It is common in engineering, science, and technology, where the research work starts during the Master's stage and progresses into a full PhD. To be eligible, you need a Bachelor’s degree in the relevant field with a strong academic record (usually 60-70% marks or equivalent).

• Industry-Sponsored Research

Companies sponsor students to conduct research in areas relevant to their industry. The research addresses specific challenges within the company. To be eligible, you need a Master’s degree or equivalent in a relevant field with industry experience. 

Also Read: A Comprehensive Guide on How to Become a Research Scientist in 2025

• Foreign University Research Programs

Certain universities offer opportunities for students to work with faculty members on global research projects. These programs do not require full-time enrollment or extensive coursework. Instead, the focus is on independent research and innovation. Eligibility criteria include a master’s degree, a strong interest in research, and English language proficiency (IELTS or TOEFL)

• Joint PhD Programs 

These programs allow you to split your research between two universities, often in different countries. They are suitable for those interested in working in diverse academic environments or interdisciplinary fields. The common criteria include a master’s degree and additional academic criteria set by both universities.

After exploring the requirements for alternative paths to PhD admissions, let’s look at the tips to address the challenges faced while filling out the application.

Overcoming Common PhD Application Challenges: Expert Tips

Common challenges when filling out applications include securing funding, obtaining the right guidance, and managing research pressure. 

Here are some of these challenges and solutions to overcome them.

• Securing Funding

Lack of adequate funding for a PhD can be a significant barrier to pursuing advanced research.

Solution: Research scholarships or teaching assistantships offered by universities. Apply for programs like UGC-JRF or CSIR-JRF, which provide financial support for research students.

• Finding the Right Guidance

You may face difficulty in finding a supervisor who aligns with your research interests. The right guidance can make your research journey successful.

Solution: Start reading recent publications from potential supervisors in your field. Many institutions, like IISc, offer detailed faculty profiles, making it easier to find a match. 

• Handling Research Pressure

Managing research, academic deadlines, and personal life simultaneously can be stressful, leading to burnout.

Solution: Create a realistic timeline for your research and break your tasks into smaller goals. Maintain a healthy work-life balance by allocating time for rest, physical activity, and socializing.

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• Writing a Strong Research Proposal

Crafting a compelling research proposal that can attract attention among numerous applicants is often difficult.

Solution: Focus on a clear, concise proposal that demonstrates your understanding of the field. Make sure to highlight how your research aligns with the university’s strengths. 

• Handling Rejections

Dealing with rejections can be tough, but it's important to obtain feedback, learn from the experience, and use it to improve future applications. 

Solution: Apply to multiple universities to increase your chances and ensure that your proposal is adapted to each institution’s specific focus areas.

• Managing Application Overload

Managing multiple documents, such as research proposals, recommendation letters, and entrance exam scores, can be challenging.

Solution: Maintain a checklist of all required documents and their deadlines for each university. Combine similar tasks, like collecting transcripts or contacting professors for recommendation letters.

Using these tips, you can carefully plan your research focus, choose the right institution, and ensure all prerequisites are met to kickstart your academic journey.

Now, let’s explore how you can begin your PhD journey.

How upGrad Can Support Your PhD Journey?

The PhD journey begins with a solid foundation, often starting with a Master's course. If you're a graduate in computer science, pursuing a Master's in fields like cybersecurity or Artificial Intelligence provides the necessary expertise to transition into research.

An upGrad Master's course will build your knowledge of the basics while also helping you prepare for a future research role.

Here are some master’s courses offered by upGrad:

• Master’s Degree in Artificial Intelligence and Data Science
• MBA from O.P. Jindal Global University (JGU)
• Master of Business Administration (MBA) from UGNXT
• Master’s in International Accounting and Finance by JGU (Accredited by ACCA, UK)
• LL.M. in Corporate and Financial Law (Blended Learning Program)

Unsure which course aligns with your career goals? upGrad offers personalized counseling to help map your learning journey and choose the right path. You can also visit your nearest upGrad offline center for an interactive experience!

References
https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/higher-education-survey-phd-enrolments-in-state-up-9130694/
https://scsit.jainuniversity.ac.in/blogs/in-the-lab-a-research-focused-comparison-of-msc-and-phd-programmes