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Top 25 C++ Project Ideas For Beginners [2024]

Updated on 23 May, 2024

183.96K+ views
30 min read

Summary:

In this article, you will learn the top C++ project ideas. Take a glimpse below

Best C++ Project Ideas & Topics

  1. Security Systems
  2. Car Rental System
  3. Dating Applications
  4. Employee Management System
  5. Trading Software
  6. Billing System
  7. Intuitive Gadgets
  8. Traffic Management System and so on…

Read the entire article to get more details.

Ideas for Projects in C++ 

In order to learn any new skill, the best possible way is to practice its implementation through projects, which also contributes to inheriting knowledge through problem-solving and building a strong portfolio at the same time. However, students often struggle to find the best-suited C++ projects to strengthen their resumes. There is a wide range of C++ project for students to choose from, but one has to first decide whether they want C++ projects for beginners or C++ projects for final year. 

There is a constant comparison between C++ and Python where people try to find which is better. Even though Python is considered to be one of the easiest programming languages to learn, C++ is comparatively better, not only in terms of performance but also in the speed and vast area of application.

What is C++?

C++ is a powerful and versatile programming language widely used to develop a wide range of software applications. It was developed as an extension of the C programming language with added features that support object-oriented programming (OOP) and generic programming. Bjarne Stroustrup originally designed C++ in the early 1980s at Bell Labs, with the language’s first standard, known as C++98, formalized in 1998.

C++ combines the low-level features of C with high-level abstractions found in modern programming languages, making it suitable for systems programming, game development, application software, embedded systems, and more. It is known for its efficiency, performance, and ability to control hardware resources directly when needed.
 

Top C++ Projects for Beginners With Source Code

This list of C++ project ideas for students is suited for beginners, and those just starting out with programming in general. These C++ project ideas will get you going with all the practicalities you need to succeed in your career as a software developer.

Further, if you’re looking for C++ project ideas for final year, this list should get you going. So, without further ado, let’s jump straight into some C++ project ideas that will strengthen your base and allow you to climb up the ladder.

Now that we have grappled with the history and the overall applicability of C+= and established that as a coding language, C++ provided abundant opportunities for innovation to the developers, let us look at some project prototypes and project ideas in C which C++ can help develop. 

1. Security Systems

Be it airports or corporate offices, Malls, or even entry gates of condominiums, surveillance and security has been tightened everywhere around the world and rightfully so, given the rising rate of terrorism. Webcams and CCTVs play an important role. However, for more advanced security measures, biometric and facial recognition mechanisms are being implemented in different verticals.

C++ can go a long way in improving the existing face recognition systems. C++’s OpenCV libraries are likely to come handy in detecting facial features on either live streams in video cameras or on webcams. These can be helpful for entry regulations and reduce any additional human intervention and checking. 

Source Code: Security Systems

2. Car Rental System

This falls under C++ projects for beginners. The advent of Uber and Ola cabs applications have infinitely made the lives of smartphone users easy. However, these apps too, have their limitations. Modifying the same principle and taking it a notch higher using C++ codes can be a great C project idea. Developers can consider JSON Format text files in C++ to store the GPS coordinates of the user and the cab services within a certain radius.

C++ libraries make it possible to cover a large perimeter so this application can actually connect the user to broader geography compared to the other available rental services. Thereafter, using login credentials, developers can connect the user with the most appropriate services. This application can keep revising its features in the areas of pricing, security, preferences etc. 

Source Code: Car Rental System

3. Dating Applications

There were days when love used to be in the air. But now, love seems to be in our smartphones, and web applications have conveniently taken over the roles of cupids. C++ algorithms and flexible, object-oriented program support enable it to store and analyze a huge gamut of data.

By integrating dos elements, this application can import and retrieve a large volume of data inputs while at the same time keep the security features sacrosanct. The application can simulate the preferences and personality traits of the users using string functions and come up with the most compatible match based on the two parameters. 

Source Code: Dating Applications

4. Employee Management System

Imagine an e-journal which not only manages your companies day to day activities but will assist you to keep a uniform track of all your employee records. What more is that you may add, delete, or modify the records at your own convenience using C++ source code.

The blocks in the C++ libraries will be a great resource to develop such a management system. Developers can append other open source libraries to enhance the features and functionalities of the system. C++ can be used to develop both a web portal as well as a mobile application. 

Source Code: Employee Management System

5. Trading Software

Trades and stock markets are among the most volatile industries across the globe. It can take a turn for the better or for the worse in seconds. Traditionally, trailers on news channels reflect the updates of stock markets but with C++, coders can develop an application which will be synced to the stock market statistics in real time and can curate the information depending upon the users preferences.

Notifications, advisories and expert comments are additional features that can go a long way in enriching this app and making it a highly desirable tool for finance management. 

News channels continue updating the increment and decrement in the values. You can create a wonderful trading application using the C ++ project. It can be synchronized within a few minutes after which you can perform real-time statistical analysis. You can also add features like an advisory section, comment section, and any other feature that allows customers to express what they feel about existing stats.

Source Code: Trading Software

Also try: Java Project Ideas

6. Billing System

Many of our utilities that we incur fixed costs on like water bills, electricity bills, maintenance costs follow a particular bill cycle. Often physical bills get lost in transit or are delayed in reaching us. In order to avoid all such hassles, we can yet again rely on C++ to come up with a source code for an e-billing system that syncs our e-wallets or banking accounts to the recipient’s accounts.

Thereon, it can automatically generate the bill into our systems and notify us about the due dates. Users may opt for an auto-debit or alternatively, choose to make manual payments, through that very application. 

Source Code: Billing System

7. Intuitive Gadgets

As a programming language which closely engages embedded systems, C++ is not only useful in developing application software but also in coupling the software and hardware elements of the internet of things like smartwatches, smart televisions, home assistants for better compatibility. C++ can program new features and more interactive attributes in these gadgets and make them all the more appealing to the users. 

Source Code: Intuitive Gadgets

8. Traffic Management System

In a developing country like ours, where cities are constantly bustling with vehicles and pedestrians, controlling the traffic can get rather challenging. Automating our signals using sensors, with speed limits and additional safety features can essentially make our roads a lot safer and our commute hassle-free.

It also spares those poor traffic controllers the pain of standing under the heat all day to manage a rowdy din. The signals and signs will do the needful and one can remotely control the road traffic. Here again the C++ database will facilitate the necessary coding and hardware embedding. 

Apart from these ideas, some common yet valuable C++ projects for students can elevate the resume of both beginner and final years students. 

Source Code: Traffic Management System

9. Library management system:

It is one of the most popular projects among C++ projects for beginners. The features of a library management system include a login facility for students, the facility for adding, deleting, creating, or even assigning books to students, making a visible list for students to refer to, and adding the facility of returning and reissuing. This project implements the linked List data structure under the C programming language. 

Source Code: Library Management System

10. Sudoku Game: 

Sudoku is a game that one can easily find in any newspaper, but its immense popularity has now turned it extensively digital. The game is to arrange the numbers 1-9 in multiple rows and columns in a 9×9 grid so that they do not repeat. Programming this game uses the concept of backtracking. Initial values are extremely hard-coded in nature; however, equal input can be collected from the users as well. 

Source Code: Sudoku Game

11. Credit Card Validator:

Credit card validation is gaining popularity as most e-commerce transactions depend on credit cards these days. It is fairly simple among many C++ projects for students created using Luhn’s algorithm. By using this algorithm, the students can validate the user’s credit cards, and assist them with a smooth shopping experience. This project can work for the majority of the popular cards such as MasterCard, Visa, Amex, etc. Luhn’s algorithm focuses on checking basic validations such as how a card number should start based on its type and then moves towards more complex criteria such as digit-wise calculations. 

Most payment gateways use some type of validation system for credit cards before allowing payment processing. But there is software to perform this validation from the get-go. The validation works uniquely for various cards. Hence, it is not recommended to decide the card type and then assess if the entered number is an authentic credit card number or not.

You can include a menu or drop-down for selecting the type of card. Make sure to do this only if things become difficult from the get-go approach.  This C ++ project is very simplistic from a design perspective but needs some understanding of algorithms.

Source Code: Credit Card Validator

12. Bank Management System:

The Bank Management system is one of the highly valued projects due to the rise of online banking. The online bank management systems are very intensive and highly thorough, which makes them a great C++ project idea to add credibility to someone’s portfolio. It is also a great C++ project for beginners where one can experiment with functions such as depositing, withdrawing, exit activities, or inquiring. This project is great for gaining knowledge regarding a banking application’s fundamentals and code sourcing methodologies. 

Source Code: Bank Management System

13. Face Detection Application:

This is a popular project where C++ language coding is used to recognise faces on live streams or pre-recorded videos stored in a local machine. Programmes such as OpenCV library and XML use such functions to detect faces in a live stream. The field of applications of this face detection technology includes automobile security, retail industry, educational sector, healthcare industry, and various governmental areas. 

Source Code: Face Detection Application

14. Academic Search Engine:

Similar to libraries and colleges, diverse academic institutions prefer having an academic search engine that provides support with academic pieces of information and records. It helps the users to search through various educational content based on the keywords they put. It also includes various filters that help categorise the content based on the year of publication or such other particular information. This can be written with the help of the QT design tool if one uses a Linux platform. Important concepts such as memory management, numerous search options, and project planning are some of the learning outcomes of this C++ project. 

Source Code: Academic Search Engine

15. Hotel Booking System:

Creating a hotel booking system follows a centralised database programming method which works as an effortless yet efficient C++ project. This project includes some important features such as reserving hotel rooms, verifying guest information, altering guest information, keeping track of rooms whether they are occupied or not, etc. therefore, this particular project is very useful for understanding two crucial concepts of C that are Classes and File management. 

Source Code: Hotel Booking System

16. Student Record Management System

It is among those types of C++ beginner projects that impart the fundamentals of the input and output in C#. Its project structure informs you about the file management system. The developed program will correctly store all the students’ information. The data can be any information about the student, their personal details, roll number, academic records, etc. Moreover, this C# project imparts you how to deal with incorrect inputs.

Source Code: Student Record Management System

17. Sales Management System

It is one of the most promising C++ beginner projects because it imparts many new things. It contains various subclasses and classes. They support various functions and features about item recording, item entry, billing, etc.

Its main objective is to design a system using which you can organize customer information, stock details, delivery details, etc. This C++ project helps you to understand and practice various functions and attributes. It is very easy to learn and improve your C++ coding skills.

3 key objectives of these C++ coding projects:

  • Increase in profits
  • Increase in Sales Volume
  • Continuous growth

Source Code: Sales Management System

 18. Digital Calculator

You can get started with C++ mini projects with a digital calculator. It is chiefly GUI-driven, so it is easy to implement. Moreover, it is a menu-driven program wherein the user provides the outputs. It reinforces your fundamental concepts of C++, chiefly related to decision-making statements and data types.

The project needs validation for the inputs to make sure calculation only occurs if the inserted data is numerical. It also involves data handling of a specific size. If the number is bigger, you need a bigger data type to handle it. Tackling these types of C++ coding projects helps you to secure a job/ internship in the future.

Source Code: Digital Calculator

 19. Digital Piano

This project aims to design a GUI-based project that allows you to play a virtual piano. It may seem to be one of the C++ easy projects but many complex concepts are involved. You may need some time to get familiar with asynchronous functions and dealing with various audio libraries.

It also involves asynchronous code that uses multithreading fundamentals. Learning this C# project strengthens your resume. You can make this project more interesting by creating a function that records the tunes played on the piano. It highlights the importance of the audio functions obtained from creating the project for testing. Also, it simultaneously requires file handling to transfer the recordings to the hard disk.

Source Code: Digital Piano

 20. Address Book

It is one of the C++ easy projects that set your resume apart from the rest and also improve your basics of data structures. You simply need to include functionality like adding, deleting, or editing data from the address book. You must know how to manipulate data and deal with them. Moreover, you can connect the project to a database for acquiring the necessary details.

Source Code: Address Book

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21. Password Manager

This is one of the easiest C++ beginner projects. Create a C++ Password Manager to safely handle and store user credentials. Protect sensitive data by implementing strong encryption and decryption techniques. Make sure your user interface makes it easy for users to add, update, and retrieve passwords. Make use of file handling strategies to make sure encrypted passwords are stored securely. This project will add a lot to your programming portfolio because it not only covers real-world security issues but also gives you actual experience with file management and encryption techniques.

Source Code: Password Manager

22. File Compression Tool

Build a C++ file compression tool with an emphasis on Lempel-Ziv-Welch and Huffman coding techniques. Provide an intuitive user interface that shows compression ratios and lets users choose which files to compress and decompress. This research explores the complexities of data compression methods and provides information on algorithmic effectiveness. This project is a great way to delve deeper into the subject of data compression. It will help you understand data optimization better by having you work with file processing and create compression methods.

Source Code: File Compression Tool

23. Network Chat Application

Create a C++ network chat application using a client-server design. Make use of sockets to facilitate local network connectivity while incorporating file sharing, group chat, and private messaging functionalities. Use encryption methods to ensure safe communication, offering a useful implementation of networking and security principles. In order to handle numerous clients concurrently, this project investigates multi-threading. It may also involve developing a graphical user interface (GUI) for a better user experience. It’s an interesting and diverse project that will provide you with invaluable experience in network programming, security procedures and possibly GUI design by developing a working chat application.

Source Code: Network Chat Application

24. Music Player and Visualizer

Create a dynamic music visualization by combining audio processing libraries into a C++ music player and visualizer. Incorporate functions such as volume control, playlist management, play, pause, and stop. Develop a visualizer that can react to the audio spectrum and provide a visually captivating way to listen to music. As one of the best C++ projects for students, this project offers practical expertise in creating multimedia applications by fusing graphical user interface (GUI) programming with audio data processing. This project can provide a basic C program example and will immerse you in the world of audio and visual apps as you learn how to interact with external dependencies by integrating third-party audio processing packages.

Source Code: Music Player and Visualizer

25. Graphical User Interface (GUI) Calculator

Create a C++ Graphical User Interface (GUI) calculator by utilizing Qt or GTK frameworks. Provide a user-friendly interface that can handle both conventional and scientific computations. Practice memory management, scientific functions, and basic arithmetic operations. This is one of the easiest projects using C++, and is a great  example of C++ code which offers a useful application of GUI development along with insights into the integration of external libraries and event handling. . You will develop your abilities to create applications that are easy for users to interact with by designing a feature-rich calculator that prioritizes user interface design. In addition to being instructive, this project advances user interaction and the creation of applications with practical uses.

Source Code: Graphical User Interface (GUI) Calculator

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Key Features of C++:

1. High-Level Language

C is a mid-level programming language, but C++ is a high-level language. It is closely connected with the human-understandable English language.

2. Machine Independent

C++ is machine-independent but platform-independent. This means that compiled programs executed on Linux will not execute on Windows.  Let’s understand this feature with an example. Suppose a documented piece of code can run on operating systems like Windows/Mac and Linux. So, which makes C++ machine-independent, but the executable file can’t run on other operating systems. 

3. Compiler-Based

This feature helps you to develop beginner C++ projects easily. C++ is a compiler-based language that implies that C++ programs must be compiled, and the corresponding executable file executes it. Hence, C++ is a relatively faster language than Python and Java.

4. Dynamic Memory Allocation

The variables are allocated with the dynamical heap space when C++ runs a program. These variables are allotted in the stack space within the functions. You may not know the amount of memory to keep specific pieces of information in a defined variable. So, the memory size can be mentioned at run time. You must know dynamic memory allocation when working on C++ mini projects.

5. Memory Management

C++ allows us to allocate the memory of an array or variable during the run time. It is called Dynamic Memory Allocation. The compiler automatically manages the memories assigned to variables in other programming languages like Java and Python. However, this doesn’t happen in C++. But in C++, the de-allocated memory must be manually allocated after it is useless. The allocation and deallocation processes on the memory can be performed using the “New” and “Delete” operators, respectively. 

6. Case-sensitive

You must be familiar with this feature when working on any beginner C++ projects. Let’s understand this feature with an example. For instance, cin is used to accept input from the input stream, whereas the “Cin” is a variable name that can’t accept the input stream.

Google Chrome, Youtube, Adobe Photoshop, Doom 3, Bloomberg tradings. Big names, different industries but used fervently by customers all over the world. Besides their pervasive customer base, there is yet another common thread that links all these brands together; their source programming language, C++. So, if you are a beginner, the best thing you can do is work on some real-time C++ project ideas.

7. Multi-Paradigm

Programming languages can support multiple programming styles, such as C++, since it is a multi-paradigm language. Procedural programming (like to C) and object-oriented programming (OOP) are the two main paradigms supported. Whereas OOP structures code around objects that contain both data and behavior, procedural programming arranges code into functions. Because of its adaptability, C++ can be used in a variety of application domains by developers, who can select the paradigm that best fits the current issue.

8. Inheritance and Polymorphism 

A key idea in object-oriented programming (OOP) is inheritance, which permits a new class (derived or child class) to take on attributes and methods from an already-existing class (base or parent class). This encourages the development of a hierarchical structure and the reuse of code. Another OOP idea is polymorphism, which allows several types to be represented by a single interface. Together, inheritance and polymorphism in C++ enable the construction of adaptable and extensible programs. For instance, derived classes can add to or replace the functionality of a method defined in a base class.

9. Standard Template Library (STL)

The comprehensive collection of C++ template classes and functions known as the Standard Template Library (STL) offers templates for general-purpose classes and algorithms. The main advantage of the STL is that it provides developers with a library of pre-built classes and functions for common data structure and algorithmic tasks. This includes lists, maps and vectors as well as the sorting, searching and manipulating methods for these kinds of containers. STL provides a standardized and verified set of components for a variety of programming activities, hence promoting code efficiency, reliability, and maintainability.

10. Low Level Manipulation

Direct access to memory addresses and low-level memory manipulation are two of C++’s well-known features. Although this function is especially strong, it also requires careful memory management. For tasks like system programming, embedded systems development, and scenarios requiring precise memory control, low-level manipulation is required.

Pointers, which are variables that store addresses in memory, are usable in C++. With pointers, programmers may do pointer arithmetic, dynamically generate data structures, and directly alter the contents of memory. In pointer arithmetic, memory locations are navigated by modifying the value of pointers.

We, here at upGrad, believe in a practical approach as theoretical knowledge alone won’t be of help in a real-time work environment. In this article, we will be exploring some interesting C++ project ideas which beginners can work on to put their Python knowledge to test. In this article, you will find 42 top python project ideas for beginners to get hands-on experience on Python

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A programming language, designed from the C prototype has emerged as one of the most sought after and versatile languages and has single handedly integrated more graphical and object-oriented programming into a wide array of web applications. Developed as a free-form language that serves general purposes, C++ encompasses upgraded features of C language which includes a wider host of libraries, increased functions, and data structures.

Advanced software tactics like polymorphism, abstractions, encapsulation, inheritance can be performed by virtue of coding c projects with C++. It is due to this reason, since its inception in 1979, C++ has evolved into one of the most popular software scripting languages. In the contemporary world, where our lives are intricately enmeshed with the digital landscape, one will stumble upon C++’s imprints almost everywhere.

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As hinted by our opening sentence, be it your e-commerce activities, your online entertainment medium, your knowledge hub, your design maneuvers, your gaming activities, your workflow or even your finance management, if you’re using web applications to fulfill one or the other activities, chances are high that you will be using c projects developed in C++. 

This article will include the Top 8 C++ projects for beginners. Along with ideas for C++ projects for final year, candidates can easily do once they are done with the prior mentioned C++ projects. 

Read: Project Ideas in C

Why do developers develop project ideas in C using C++?

Those who work in the domain of embedded systems and systems programming including operating systems and hardware interfaces, seem to prefer C++ over any other programming languages to learn for some very conspicuous reasons. To begin with, similar to C, C++ is an open source programming language which makes it ideal for subsequent adaptations and innovations.

In terms of skills, it is a rather easy coding language to pick up, given that it consists of pure concepts and a comprehensible syntax. C++ is also a very pliable and dynamic language which has facilitated several technological feats in industries such as electronics, automobiles, robotics and several others. This has been possible because developers have found it convenient to integrate C++ within the existing operational frameworks of these industries. Finally, C++ is not only easy to script but also it is highly compatible with a wide array of platforms and systems.

As a result of which, newer technological inputs can be designed using C++. Laden with the goodness of C but with upgraded features, C++ is indeed the coding language of all future technology. 

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Which industries predominantly use C++ projects?

Graphic Designing- Digital art has made its mark in every nook and corner of the world. While some may perceive it as a replacement for canvas based arts, it is more appropriate to look upon it as a complementary industry.

Most artists rely on digital art for their promotion. Besides, in the corporate and marketing industry, from logo designing to presentation templates, graphic designing plays a pivotal role. Given their dependence on graphic user interfaces, C++ becomes the obvious choice for all web developers. Web applications and software like Adobe Photoshop and Illustrator were developed with C++. 

System and Kernel Programming- C++ is frequently used in kernel and system programming, where programmers must effectively manage system resources and communicate with the underlying hardware. Because C++ can manage memory directly and conduct low-level manipulation, it is frequently used to write operating systems and device drivers, which constitute the foundation of a computer’s software stack. Tasks requiring precise control over hardware resources are ideally suited for C++ because of its characteristics, which include pointers and direct memory access.

Animation- Gone are the days of two dimensional cartoon shows that would enthrall us as kids. These days the scope of animation has increased by leaps and bound and is evolving every day. It is essentially the sophistication in the programming language that has spearheaded such fast paced developments. Contemporary animation on both small screens and big screens as well as on web portals include high resolution 3D animation, rendering, modeling and simulation.

In fact, even in regular movies, the use of CGIs have become rampant where these techniques are frequently used. The process behind developing these entail image processing, sensor applications, visual effects in real time. The codes of each of these are typically scripted in C++

Finance- Efficiency and speed are critical in the financial sector, particularly in algorithmic trading and risk management systems. When creating high-performance financial apps that need to execute complicated algorithms quickly, C++ is preferred. It is appropriate for situations where microseconds might affect financial transactions due to its low-level control and effective memory management.

Operating Systems and Web Browsers- We have seen how integral C language was to the development of the advanced operating systems. As its upgraded version, C++ may be attributed with the development of most Microsoft based operating systems and some of the Symbian as well as iOs operating systems. On a similar breath, due to its ability to ease out cluster data files, C++ became the chosen medium for developing browsers like Google Chrome and Mozilla Firefox. 

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Telecommunications- C++ is used extensively in the telecommunications sector to create software that controls embedded systems in networking devices, communication infrastructure, and network protocols. Because of its effectiveness, adaptability to low-level networking activities, and aptitude for creating software that can process and send data at high speeds, C++ is the language of choice.

Media Management- We no longer have to depend upon bulky audio cassettes and CD ROMs in order to listen to our favorite music when we wish to. Through web applications like Spotify, Wynk, or even iTunes, we can simply tune into our favorite tracks from our chosen devices, anytime anywhere. This was made possible by audio and video sharing files coded in C++. The fact that Netflix has become many of our favorite pastimes must be attributed to the same media access files that were coded in C++. 

Aerospace and Defence- Performance and reliability are critical in defense and aerospace applications. Software for flight control, simulation, and mission-critical systems are all developed in C++. The challenges of building software for aerospace and defense systems are well-matched with its capacity for low-level manipulation and effective resource management.

Database Access- Knowledge is power and in these days of information technology, there really isn’t any dearth of information. Be it a complex philosophical concept or a trivia about your local celebrity, be it a rare food from another part of the world or the latest discoveries of NASA, information about anything, and everything is simply one Google search away.

Here again, these treasuries of data or databases as they are known in the tech parlance, like the open source database like MySQL or software applications like Wikipedia and Youtube, were generated using C++. 

Scientific Research- Scientific research uses C++ deeply, especially in areas that call for data processing, numerical simulations and CPU-intensive activities. C++ is used by scientists working in the fields of physics, chemistry, biology, and other sciences to create modeling tools, data analysis apps, and simulation software. Because of its efficiency and capacity for intricate calculations, C++ is useful in settings related to scientific research.

Read more: Web Development Project Ideas

What are the jobs that actively use C++ programming?

There are a handful of industries that predominantly rely on C++ programming. If one plans to work in the below-mentioned jobs, they must start learning C++ and implementing them on practical C++ projects at the soonest. 

  1. Programmer: Programmers have to actively use programming languages, predominantly C++, to write codes. Programmers work within various industries such as gaming, applications, search engines, or web pages. 
  2. Software Engineer: System-level programming is a common task for C++ software engineers. They create software that controls hardware resources, performs low-level tasks, and communicates directly with the operating system. This can involve working on embedded systems, creating device drivers, and improving system performance.
  3. App Developer:  Application developers design software and programs, usually for mobile devices. The task of developing an app includes a significant amount of code writing, designing updates, and running different tests. Therefore they must know several programming languages. 
  4. Algorithmic Trader: C++ is a language that algorithmic traders use to create financial market software and implement high-frequency trading algorithms. Because of its speed and efficiency, C++ is chosen for managing big datasets, executing intricate trading algorithms, and integrating with financial systems.
  5. Graphics Programmer: C++ is a language used by graphics programmers to create programs for GPU programming, game creation, and computer graphics. This covers developing graphics pipelines, rendering engines, and visual effects for use in simulations and video games.
  6. Animator: Animators are creative personnel who work with a wide range of software daily to execute their tasks. They often require the help of developers to develop design concepts. Therefore, honing a significant section of programming can become a simplified option for them to have complete control over their project. 
  7. Database Developer: Database developers that use C++ are involved in creating database management system (DBMS) components. To improve database engines performance, they optimize algorithms for data processing, retrieval, and storage. The selection of C++ is based on its effectiveness in handling system resources at a low level.
  8. Game Designer: Game development is a task that requires both artistic ability as well as knowledge of coding. Coding takes up a large portion of their tasks as it helps them to control and alter the game mechanics and function. 
  9. Web Page Developer: Web developers primarily help in developing webpage designs and their various functions. The primary means of building the web pages are codes, and they may collaborate with other professionals such as graphic designers or UI/UX designers to make it more appealing. Web page developers also provide services such as troubleshooting and routine maintenance, which requires in-depth knowledge of programming language. 
  10. HPC (High-Performance Computing) Developer: C++ is a language used by HPC developers to create high-performance software for numerical analysis, scientific simulations, and other computationally demanding tasks. With C++, developers can effectively leverage hardware architectures and optimize code for parallel processing in high-performance computing environments.

What are the essential skills required for C++ projects?

Here are the essential skills required for c++ projects ideas: –

1. C++ Programming

A strong grasp of the C++ language is essential. This includes knowledge of syntax, data types, control structures, loops, functions, and memory management concepts.

2. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

Understanding the principles of OOP is crucial for designing and implementing classes, objects, inheritance, encapsulation, and polymorphism.

3. Data Structures and Algorithms

Proficiency in data structures (arrays, linked lists, stacks, queues, trees, graphs, etc.) and algorithms (sorting, searching, dynamic programming, etc.) is essential for efficient and optimized code.

4. Memory Management

In-depth knowledge of memory allocation, deallocation, pointers, references, and avoiding memory leaks and dangling pointers is necessary.

5. STL (Standard Template Library)

Familiarity with the STL and its containers (vector, map, set, etc.) and algorithms (sort, find, etc.) can significantly speed up development and improve code quality.

6. Design Patterns

Understanding common design patterns (singleton, factory, observer, etc.) helps create maintainable, scalable, modular code.

7. Version Control

Proficiency in using version control systems like Git is crucial for collaborative development, code versioning, and tracking changes.

8. Debugging and Profiling

Skill in using debugging tools and profilers helps identify and fix issues in the code, ensuring it runs smoothly and efficiently.

9. Build Systems

Familiarity with build systems (CMake, Makefile, etc.) and the compilation process is essential for managing project dependencies and creating executable files.

10. Cross-Platform Development

Understanding platform-specific considerations and employing cross-platform libraries can be valuable if your project needs to run on different platforms.

11. Performance Optimization

Knowing how to profile and optimize code for speed and memory usage can make a significant difference, especially in resource-intensive applications.

12. Concurrency and Multithreading

Understanding multithreading, synchronization, and thread safety is important if your project requires handling multiple tasks concurrently.

13. File I/O

Skill in working with files and streams is essential for reading and writing data to/from external sources, such as databases or configuration files.

14. Networking

Knowledge of socket programming and network protocols is necessary if your project involves network communication.

15. Testing

Familiarity with testing frameworks and techniques (unit testing, integration testing, etc.) helps ensure the correctness and reliability of your code.

16. Documentation

Writing clear and comprehensive code comments, API documentation, and user guides enhances the maintainability and usability of your project.

17. Problem-Solving Skills

The ability to analyze complex problems, break them down into smaller parts, and develop effective solutions is a fundamental skill for any programming project.

18. Project Management

Basic project management skills, such as task planning, time management, and communication, are important for completing projects on time and within scope.

19. Domain Knowledge

Depending on the project’s nature, having domain-specific knowledge (e.g., game mechanics, financial systems, scientific simulations) can greatly enhance your ability to create relevant and effective solutions.

20. Continuous Learning

The technology landscape evolves rapidly, so a willingness to stay updated with new C++ features, tools, libraries, and best practices is crucial.

Beginner Projects for C++

Here are some beginner projects for C++ including C++ mini project ideas that students can try and learn C++ on:

  • Hello World Program
  • Simple Calculator
  • Number Guessing Game
  • To-Do List Application
  • Basic File Operations
  • BMI Calculator
  • Simple Text-Based Game
  • Temperature Converter
  • Basic Banking System
  • Rock, Paper, Scissors Game

CPP Project Topics

  • Library Management System with GUI
  • Online Quiz System
  • Social Media Application
  • E-commerce Platform

OOP Micro Project Topics

  • Bank Account Management System
  • Student Information System
  • Online Bookstore with Classes for Books and Users
  • Employee Payroll System using Inheritance

C++ Micro Project Topics

  • Simple Student Database Management System
  • Banking System with Basic Transactions
  • Online Movie Ticket Booking System
  • Basic E-commerce Shopping Cart

Conclusion

In this article, we have covered 7 C++ project ideas. We started with some beginner projects which you can solve with ease. Once you finish with these simple C++ projects, I suggest you go back, learn a few more concepts and then try the intermediate projects. When you feel confident, you can then tackle the advanced projects. If you wish to improve your skills, you need to get your hands on these C++ project ideas.

We hope you will have an excellent learning opportunity in executing these C++ projects. If you are interested to learn more and need mentorship from industry experts, check out upGrad & IIIT Banglore’s  Executive PG Program Full-Stack Software Development.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. Which are the most popular programming languages?

Programming languages are in high demand currently, and there are many of them to choose from. One of the most popular programming languages is Python. Its popularity comes primarily from the ease of learning that it provides to the users due to its simple syntax, a wide range of standards, and toolkits. It also easily integrates with some other such languages like C++. Other than Python, there is JavaScript, which is another popular programming language. Similarly, there is C#, C++, Ruby, and others. The user should choose to learn the one that best suits their requirements, and according to the goal they want to achieve through it.

2. Can C++ be used for app development?

Yes, using C++ for app development, whether on iOS, Android, or Windows, is a good idea. It provides a wide range of features, is efficient in storing and utilizing data, and works with high speed. If one wants to develop an app and then reuse it on multiple platforms without having to lose the quality of performance or hinder its security, C++ is a really good option, and it is also versatile in character. The fact that it is object-oriented coding language and data abstraction make it a popular choice for developers.

3. Is C++ hard to learn?

C++ uses a range of paradigms. In order to learn this programming language efficiently, one of the most important steps is to familiarize yourself with the different programming languages as they make the base for understanding and using the codes. As a beginner, one might find it difficult to learn C++, but once you get a grasp of the fundamentals and get through the basics, it becomes easier, and you can master it by putting effort and practising it regularly.

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This is the second in a series of posts on teaching yourself programming and full-stack development. If you haven’t checked out the first part, on learning CS Fundamentals, Algorithms, Design Principles and Front-end Development, you can do so here. Check out our free courses to get an edge over the competition Motivation You now know how to build static websites using HTML, CSS, and Javascript. Although the Internet was originally designed to share static web pages, the capabilities (and expectations) of a modern web app have increased gigantically. Almost every app requires that you authenticate users, respond to them and replicate real-world scenarios as closely as possible. To do the aforementioned, you need to get data from a user (or an API), process it and produce an output. You also need to save this data and have a mechanism to identify the user the next time s/he returns to use your app. To perform these functions, our present stack isn’t enough. Interview with Ankit Tomar, Co-Founder & CTO, Bizongo Check out upGrad’s Advanced Certification in Blockchain Servers are required to process user data, store files, convert it into HTML/CSS/JS. Then, these servers serve it to the browser in a form that can be presented to the user. A database is required to store data important to your app. To program the server, we require a server-side scripting language and for the database, we require a database (duh) and a language to communicate with it. This is exactly what we’re going to do in the next steps. For the first seven, refer to the earlier post!  Learn Software Development Courses online from the World’s top Universities. Earn Executive PG Programs, Advanced Certificate Programs or Masters Programs to fast-track your career. Step 8: Server Side Scripting Languages As mentioned before, to program and communicate with your server, you will need to know a language it understands. Unlike front-end where Javascript is the only choice, there are a plethora of options available for you to program on the backend. The most popular ones are Java, PHP, Python, JavaScript and Ruby. PHP has its shortcomings, but it has the gentlest learning curve out of all the languages and frameworks I’ve used so far. And PHP is about coding quick (and dirty) solutions. So, in an extremely short period of time, you can build a web app to be extremely proud of. Java is a general-purpose programming language and probably the most popular language of all time. It is extremely popular for building mobile apps (on the Android platform) and used extensively in most major tech companies. Head First Java is an excellent place to learn this ubiquitous language. Explore Our Software Development Free Courses Fundamentals of Cloud Computing JavaScript Basics from the scratch Data Structures and Algorithms Blockchain Technology React for Beginners Core Java Basics Java Node.js for Beginners Advanced JavaScript Check out upGrad’s Advanced Certification in DevOps  To learn Python, I’d strongly recommend Zed Shaw’s Learn Python the Hard Way and Albert Sweigart’s Automate the Boring Stuff with Python. If you’ve decided to go with PHP, you can learn the basics of the language on Codecademy. You already know enough JavaScript syntax to get your hands dirty with the Node and backend JS frameworks (such as Express). I’ll cover Ruby later in conjunction with Rails as it is rarely used as a standalone language. Step 9: Learn SQL For the next step, you should probably pick up a little SQL (Structured Query Language). It is the language databases communicate with. And although you might not use it directly when you switch to using frameworks, it still helps to know how to directly communicate with your database. The good news is that SQL is incredibly easy to learn. You should be able to get a good grasp of it in a matter of hours. Head First SQL is a great resource for this purpose. How to Become a Full Stack Developer: Part 1 upGrad’s Exclusive Software Development Webinar for you – SAAS Business – What is So Different? document.createElement('video'); https://cdn.upgrad.com/blog/mausmi-ambastha.mp4   Step 10: Learn a ‘Conventional’ Full-Stack Web Framework Now is a good time to experiment with web frameworks that can do most of the lower level work for you. There isn’t a shortage of great frameworks that could cater to every purpose imaginable. Rails (written in Ruby), Spring (written in Java) and Django (written in Python) are among the popularly used frameworks today. You could take a look at Michael Hartl’s The Rails Tutorial – available for free. As far as Django is concerned, the tutorial on the official website is a good place to start. Once you feel you’re comfortable with the basics of the framework, do give Two Scoops of Django a read. It’s one of the best technology books ever. If you’ve decided to go the Spring route, I’d strongly suggest signing up for UpGrad & IIIT-B’s Software Development program. The program gives you a very holistic overview of the framework and helps you build a robust and scalable backend. Explore our Popular Software Engineering Courses Master of Science in Computer Science from LJMU & IIITB Caltech CTME Cybersecurity Certificate Program Full Stack Development Bootcamp PG Program in Blockchain Executive PG Program in Full Stack Development View All our Courses Below Software Engineering Courses Step 11: Javascript Full-Stack Frameworks and the MEAN Stack Not very long ago, Backend Development used to be based on the concept of the request-response cycle. For example, the browser sent a request and the server responded by spitting out a webpage in HTML. However, since early 2010, more and more applications have become real time. The structure of an entire web page changes without refreshing and behaves dynamically based on user input and interaction (Think chat, liking, commenting, live videos and reactions, etc.). In such a scenario, a simple request-response cycle simply isn’t enough. Therefore, there has been a recent surge of interest towards asynchronous programming and making AJAX requests the norm. Javascript Frameworks tend to excel at this. So, it makes sense to get acquainted with one of the major JS frameworks available in the market. The two most popular ones are the MEAN Stack and MeteorJS. Interview with Farooq Adam, Co-Founder, Fynd Learning MEAN is slightly more complicated due to its asynchronous nature and the callback hell Node usually tends to unleash. But now that you’re a seasoned developer, you are mature enough to deal with its idiosyncrasies. Meteor is a full-stack JS framework I’m currently experimenting with. The concept of Meteor is absolutely delightful – one framework in one language that takes care of all the components of an application (front-end, back-end, and database). However, this comes at the cost of customisation freedom. Once you’ve built something in Meteor, it is virtually impossible to change the database or the backend framework should you choose to do so. Though, I still think this is a worthwhile technology to learn. Meteor is known to be extremely powerful. It’s capable of doing things in hundreds of lines of code where other conventional frameworks would’ve required a thousand. In-Demand Software Development Skills JavaScript Courses Core Java Courses Data Structures Courses Node.js Courses SQL Courses Full stack development Courses NFT Courses DevOps Courses Big Data Courses React.js Courses Cyber Security Courses Cloud Computing Courses Database Design Courses Python Courses Cryptocurrency Courses Conclusion This is the end of part 2. In this post, we’ve covered resources concerning backend development and the various full-stack technologies available. You can now proudly call yourself a full-stack developer. Congratulations! But the story of full-stack web development doesn’t end here. With the introduction of the iPhone, there has been a smartphone revolution around the globe. More and more people are shifting towards using smartphones in place of desktops. In such a scenario, it is imperative that you learn to build apps for two of the most popular platforms out there: Android and iOS. We shall be covering this in the next and final part of this series. Additionally, we shall also look into frameworks that allow us to build native apps using Javascript (Ionic, React Native, etc.). Until then, it’s goodbye. 🙂 Your comments and suggestions are welcome! Read our Popular Articles related to Software Development Why Learn to Code? How Learn to Code? How to Install Specific Version of NPM Package? Types of Inheritance in C++ What Should You Know?
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by Rounak Banik

01 Dec'17
How to Become a Full-Stack Developer: Part 3

5.3K+

How to Become a Full-Stack Developer: Part 3

This post is the third and final in the series on becoming a full-stack developer. This article talks specifically about mobile app development. Read here for more on frontend and backend development. When Steve Jobs introduced the iPhone in 2007, it ushered the biggest revolution the world had witnessed since the printing press. Smartphones have managed to penetrate almost every country on the globe. Even the most impoverished seem to be in possession of one so much so that life without them seems inconceivable. Check out our free courses to get an edge over the competition Motivation There are certain apps which make sense only when running on a phone. Take Uber, for instance. Uber needs to know your exact location through GPS. An Uber app for desktop wouldn’t make much sense. Another issue is that a majority of your audience will open your app through a phone, even if it is one that has been built for browsers. In such cases, it is imperative that you ensure the experience is seamless and too much data isn’t consumed. Finally, there are subtle differences between interacting using mouse-clicks and touch. Your app must ensure that it behaves well in both scenarios. Keeping all these considerations in mind, it makes good sense to venture out of the browser and build mobile apps. This ensures that you make maximum use of the functionalities a typical smartphone has to offer while at the same time making the user experience a delight. Below are the steps to acing mobile app development. For the first part to become a full stack developer on frontend and backend development. Check out upGrad’s Advanced Certification in Blockchain Learn Software Development Courses online from the World’s top Universities. Earn Executive PG Programs, Advanced Certificate Programs or Masters Programs to fast-track your career. Interview with Ankit Tomar, Co-Founder & CTO, Bizongo Step 12: Choose a Platform The first step would be to choose a platform where you would like to build your application. Unless you’re part of a reasonably big team, it is extremely unlikely that you will build apps from scratch on all major platforms. The more likely scenario is that you will be coding on your favourite platform and will then simply port it over to the others. The major smartphone platforms today are iOS, Android, and Windows. They use drastically different languages and IDEs. For instance, iOS uses Swift and XCode, Android uses Java and the Android Studio and Microsoft operate with C# and Visual Studio. upGrad’s Exclusive Software Development Webinar for you – SAAS Business – What is So Different? document.createElement('video'); https://cdn.upgrad.com/blog/mausmi-ambastha.mp4   Check out upGrad’s Advanced Certification in DevOps  The market today is dominated by Android and iOS, so the choice really comes down to these two. Some things you may need to consider before making a choice is the audience share for your app. I believe it makes good business sense to build iOS apps if you’re in a First World country as Apple Devices are extremely popular there. In contrast, in a country like India, Android would be a more obvious choice as the market share for iPhones is extremely small owing to its exorbitant price. If you plan on making money from your app, keep in mind that iOS users are more likely to open their wallets for in-app purchases than their Android counterparts. This may be because iOS users usually tend to have more disposable income as compared to third world markets where Android dominates. iOS development requires you to have a Mac Development machine. Also, Apple App Store licenses retail at $99/year compared to Google Play’s one time $25 fee. In other words, iOS development is considerably more expensive. In this post, I shall cover how mobile app development is done today: Native Android Apps, Native iOS Apps and Hybrid Mobile Apps. Explore Our Software Development Free Courses Fundamentals of Cloud Computing JavaScript Basics from the scratch Data Structures and Algorithms Blockchain Technology React for Beginners Core Java Basics Java Node.js for Beginners Advanced JavaScript Step 13: Java and XML Java is the most popular language for Android Development (Google has recently introduced support for the Kotlin Programming language too). The founders of Android thought Java to be an appropriate choice and they have stuck to it since its inception. And if their trajectory is anything to go by, it has been nothing short of an amazing decision. The best resource to learn Java would be Head First Java. Reading this book will give you a thorough introduction to the language as well as Object Oriented Programming Principles. As far as XML is concerned, I do not think you need a concentrated tutorial on the subject. You’ve already worked extensively with a subset of XML (HTML) and you will be able to figure it out pretty quickly, even if you were to jump directly into Android development. I cannot say the same for Java. Ensure you have a good grasp of the language before venturing into Android. Step 14: Android You now have the technical know-how to build Android apps. It is time to dive deep into this revolutionary OS. Be wary though that certain Android practices differ from what you usually see on the web. The resources I’ve suggested below will ensure that your learning is not hindered by these differences. Android Programming- The Big Nerd Ranch Guide 2nd Edition is a good place to start if you know Java already. Make sure you pick up the second edition as that is the one that uses Android Studio, which is the industry standard now. The practice of building apps in Eclipse is largely outdated. Interview with Farooq Adam, Co-Founder, Fynd Explore our Popular Software Engineering Courses Master of Science in Computer Science from LJMU & IIITB Caltech CTME Cybersecurity Certificate Program Full Stack Development Bootcamp PG Program in Blockchain Executive PG Program in Full Stack Development View All our Courses Below Software Engineering Courses Step 15: iOS If you are more of an Apple aficionado and/or have decided that iOS apps make more sense to your business/career aspirations. The first step would be to acquire a Mac. XCode works only on Mac and in order to publish on the app store, you need a Mac. Sorry, VMWare. The resource I’m going to suggest for iOS is exactly the same as that for Android. Nerd Ranch has its own publication – iOS Programming: The Big Nerd Ranch Guide which deals with Swift and XCode, so that is a good place to start. Step 16: Hybrid Mobile Apps If you’re a solo developer or are working in a small team, you probably do not have the time or the resources to separately build and maintain Android and iOS Apps. To alleviate the developer’s pain of building for multiple platforms, the concept of Hybrid Mobile Apps was introduced. The concept is extremely simple and revolutionary. If you know Javascript, you already know how to build web apps. Therefore, should you have an app in JS, there must exist a framework that automatically ports your application into Android, iOS, and Windows. Incredible but true. Most hybrid frameworks achieve this using Cordova or React Native. You can think of Cordova as the bridge between browsers and the smartphone’s native hardware. It establishes a connection between the two solely using JS and helps in creating the build scripts in the native languages of each platform. Cordova based frameworks, however, are rapidly being overshadowed by Facebook’s powerhouse, React Native. The power of React Native lies in the fact that while Cordova constructs WebViews, React Native lets you build native apps that you’d build using either Java (for Android) or Swift (for iOS). In other words, Cordova is a website disguised as a mobile app, but React Native lets you build the real thing. In-Demand Software Development Skills JavaScript Courses Core Java Courses Data Structures Courses Node.js Courses SQL Courses Full stack development Courses NFT Courses DevOps Courses Big Data Courses React.js Courses Cyber Security Courses Cloud Computing Courses Database Design Courses Python Courses Cryptocurrency Courses In my opinion, you can give Cordova a miss and learn React Native instead. It is an extremely great career investment to make. UpGrad & IIIT-B’s Software Development program is a great place to start your journey with this revolutionary library which has already been used by companies like Facebook, Netflix and AirBnB to design their apps. Interview with Farooq Adam, Co-Founder, Fynd Conclusion With the conclusion of hybrid apps, we come to an end of this series. In summary, these are the things we’ve covered: Computer Science Fundamentals. Data Structures and Algorithms UI/UX HTML, CSS, JS Front-End Frameworks Server-Side Scripting and Databases Full Stack Frameworks Android and iOS Hybrid Mobile Apps Read our Popular Articles related to Software Development Why Learn to Code? How Learn to Code? How to Install Specific Version of NPM Package? Types of Inheritance in C++ What Should You Know? I hope you’ve enjoyed reading this series as much as I have enjoyed writing it and more importantly, found at least some parts useful. As always, your comments and suggestions are welcome!
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by Rounak Banik

01 Dec'17
Why Companies are Looking to Hire Full Stack Developers

7.11K+

Why Companies are Looking to Hire Full Stack Developers

It’s no secret that companies today are looking to hire young and talented software developers. But with so many smart developers out there, how can you set yourself apart from everyone else applying for these coveted roles? The best way to do this is to master the skills companies demand: a wide variety of programming skills. When you are learning how to develop software, you can improve your odds of getting a job by learning full stack development. In fact, Indeed ranked the Full Stack Developer role as the #1 job in 2017. Check out our free courses to get an edge over the competition. There are three main reasons why companies love to hire young full stack developers: Full stack developers can solve many problems Companies look to hire people based on what problems the candidates can solve for the company. By definition, full stack developers can work on both backend, frontend, and the protocols that connect the two; being able to create a software product end to end and independently. When you learn full stack development, you have an advantage over other job seekers as you can solve many more problems than other developers. For example, think about working at a high growth startup. Startups need developers who can work on a variety of programming projects. From user interfaces to server-side programming, to database applications, and everything in between. With only a small team, startups want to hire full stack developers who can work on many of the different software projects. As a full stack developer, you build many types of software projects that most other developers cannot. Check out upGrad’s Full Stack Development Bootcamp (JS/MERN) Even at a larger company, hiring developers with the knowledge to work on many different projects gives a manager flexibility to move people between teams as businesses constantly need change. One year, you can have a developer work on a frontend project and then you can move him to a backend project the very next year. The added flexibility makes the manager’s job much easier so they like to work with developers with a wide variety of skills. Check out upGrad’s Java Bootcamp.   How to Become a Full Stack Developer Companies love full stack developers because they can solve many different problems for the business. Companies like to hire young developers who are generalists The main reason is that companies hire young developers based on their potential rather than deep domain knowledge. Companies like to teach young developers what they want them to know. As a full stack developer, you have a broad set of technology skills that the company can help you expand further. As an entry-level developer, they don’t need you to understand every algorithm. But you need to have core programming knowledge so the company can teach you what is specific to their business. Let’s go back to the example of working at a startup. When the company is starting out, they need full stack developers to work on all layers of the development stack, but as the company grows, the developers will need to specialise. It’s easy for a full stack developer to start as a generalist and then become a specialist later as the company can hire more employees. On the other hand, it’s very difficult for a specialist to join a startup and learn to be a generalist when the company is small. Full stack developers can grow with their companies more easily than specialists can. In-Demand Software Development Skills JavaScript Courses Core Java Courses Data Structures Courses Node.js Courses SQL Courses Full stack development Courses NFT Courses DevOps Courses Big Data Courses React.js Courses Cyber Security Courses Cloud Computing Courses Database Design Courses Python Courses Cryptocurrency Courses Once you know the basics and get the job, the company will invest time and money to help you expand your knowledge further. Full stack developers can become great managers and executives Companies love to promote people with a wide variety of experiences in the business. As a full stack developer, you will get a chance to work on frontend software, backend software, and all of the architecture that connects them. Through that variety of experience on different projects, you get the opportunity to learn much more than your solely backend and frontend peers. They only get a chance to learn one part of the company’s technology architecture, but you learn the whole architecture and understand how it all fits together. That puts you in a great opportunity to rise through the technology ranks of the company and get promoted. If you work at a startup, your experience as a full stack developer can help set you apart from your peers as the company grows. Where some developers only know how one part of the technology stack works, you understand how all aspects of the technology fit together. As more developers are hired and new technology teams form, you are more likely to manage those new teams because of your wide knowledge. At a large company, you may also get more chances for promotion. When companies look to promote from within, they need people who can manage cross-functional software teams. As a full stack developer, you will know how to talk to developers from both frontend and backend teams. How to Succeed in Your First Software Development Job Of course, technology skills are not the only ones needed to get you a promotion. You will also need to learn business skills to be a manager. But if you do that you can climb high up the corporate ladder. Looking to become a full stack developer? This article does a great job explaining how to get started: How to become a full stack developer. Explore Our Software Development Free Courses Fundamentals of Cloud Computing JavaScript Basics from the scratch Data Structures and Algorithms Blockchain Technology React for Beginners Core Java Basics Java Node.js for Beginners Advanced JavaScript Enroll in Software Engineering Courses from the World’s top Universities. Earn Executive PG Programs, Advanced Certificate Programs, or Masters Programs to fast-track your career.
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by Gopi Vajravelu

31 Jan'18
What is Test-driven Development: A Newbie’s Guide

5.53K+

What is Test-driven Development: A Newbie’s Guide

Programmers and bugs have been in a never-ending fight for supremacy since time unknown. It’s unavoidable – even the best programmers fall prey to bugs. No code is truly safe from bugs, that’s why we perform testing. Programmers, at least the sane ones, test their code by running it on development machines to make sure it does what it was meant to do. Traditionally, test cases were written after writing the code, but in Test-driven Development, an automated test case is written before writing any piece of code so that the execution and testing can be checked simultaneously. In this article, we’ll be talking about Test-Driven Development in depth and why is it better than the traditional methods! Check out our free courses to get an edge over the competition   What is Test-Driven Development? Test-Driven Development was created as part of the Extreme Programming (XP) methodology and was called the ‘Test-First’ concept. Test-driven development allows you to test your code thoroughly, and also enables you to retest your code quickly and easily since it’s automated. In essence, before writing any piece of code, the programmer first creates a unit-test. Then, the programmer creates just enough code to satisfy the unit-test. Once the test is passed and the code refactored, the programmer can go ahead with making further improvements. Test-driven development makes sure that the code is thoroughly tested which leads to a modularized, extensible, and flexible code. Each time a new feature is to be added, it needs to undergo what is called the “lifecycle” of TDD. Let’s talk more about this lifecycle. Check out upGrad’s Advanced Certification in DevOps How to Become a Full Stack Developer Explore Our Software Development Free Courses Fundamentals of Cloud Computing JavaScript Basics from the scratch Data Structures and Algorithms Blockchain Technology React for Beginners Core Java Basics Java Node.js for Beginners Advanced JavaScript Test-Driven Development Lifecycle The test-driven development lifecycle covers everything from writing the initial unit-test to reworking the code. Add a test: Every new feature needs to undergo a test before its implemented. The essential requirement for writing a test is to have a clear understanding of all the requirements. This is accomplished using use-cases and user-stories.   Run all tests and check the net test: This is done to ensure the correct working of our test. Basically, this phase aims to check that the test is not passed by any code that doesn’t meet the requirements. By doing so, this step eliminates the possibility of having a faulty test at hand.   Write code: Now that you have your test in place, the next obvious step is to write a code that clears the test. This code need not be perfect in all aspects, but it needs to clear the test. Once we’re sure this code clears the test, it can be modified as per the requirements.   Run the tests: Having written the code, now it’s time to see if the code passes the test or not. If your code passes the tests, it means that your code meets the requirements – till now.   Refactor the code: This is essentially done to clean up the code. Refactoring doesn’t cause damage to any of the functionalities; it is just for cleaning the code by removing duplication between test code and production code.   Repeat: This cycle is now repeated with a fresh test to add more functionalities. Each functionality undergoes the same cycle. Essentially, the size of steps should be not more than 1-10 edits between each test run. If a code doesn’t pass the test rapidly, the developer must revert and not debug excessively. Check out upGrad’s Full Stack Development Bootcamp (JS/MERN)  Why Companies are Looking to Hire Full Stack Developers Explore our Popular Software Engineering Courses Master of Science in Computer Science from LJMU & IIITB Caltech CTME Cybersecurity Certificate Program Full Stack Development Bootcamp PG Program in Blockchain Executive PG Program in Full Stack Development View All our Courses Below Software Engineering Courses The Pros and Cons of Test-Driven Development Test-driven development has some definite pros over traditional methods of testing – which were mostly manual. However, it’s not infallible. Just like any other technology, the test-driven development also has a set of cons. Let’s have a look at what are the benefits of TDD in detail: Writing small tests ensures modularity of your code. Practicing TDD helps you understand the underlying principles of good modular design.   TDD provides clarity during the implementation of your code which enables a safety-net during the refactoring phase.   With TDD, collaborating is a lot easier as now people can edit the code with confidence because the test will inform them if their changes are not up to the mark of the test.   The base of TDD is unit-tests. Because of that, refactoring is a whole lot easier and faster. Refactoring an old code is a pain, but if the code is backed by unit tests, it becomes so much easier.   It helps in clarifying all the requirements before you begin the coding part. This way, a lot of ambiguity that can arise later on is avoided.   Test-driven development focuses on testing while writing. This forces the programmer to make their interfaces clean enough to pass the test. It’s hard to understand this advantage until you work on a piece of code that hasn’t undergone TDD.   Silly mistakes are caught almost immediately. It helps in removal of those mistakes that would waste a lot of time if found in QA. In-Demand Software Development Skills JavaScript Courses Core Java Courses Data Structures Courses Node.js Courses SQL Courses Full stack development Courses NFT Courses DevOps Courses Big Data Courses React.js Courses Cyber Security Courses Cloud Computing Courses Database Design Courses Python Courses Cryptocurrency Courses Now, let’s have a look at what are the limitations of test-driven development: The test suite that’s used for testing needs to be maintained else the tests may not be fully deterministic.   The tests are hard to write – especially beyond the unit-testing phase.   TDD does slow down the pace of development, at least initially.   Like with any form of development, there’s a big difference between just doing it and doing it well. Writing good unit tests requires a level of specialty.   It’s difficult to apply this approach to your legacy(existing) code.   TDD requires you to perform routine housekeeping. It’s necessary to refine the tests to make them run more quickly.   It’s easy to get distracted by the fancy features in any unit-testing framework, but it should be kept in mind that simple tests tend to give the best results.   Unless everyone on the team correctly maintains their tests, the whole system can quickly degrade. How to Succeed in Your First Software Development Job Read our Popular Articles related to Software Development Why Learn to Code? How Learn to Code? How to Install Specific Version of NPM Package? Types of Inheritance in C++ What Should You Know? In Conclusion… Test-driven development is the way forward as far as future of application development goes. There are a number of automated testing frameworks like PHPUnit, Serenity, Robot, RedWoodHQ, and many more. Pick the one that fits your need and get started with building better maintainable applications in no time!  Enroll in Software Engineering Courses from the World’s top Universities. Earn Executive PG Programs, Advanced Certificate Programs, or Masters Programs to fast-track your career.
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by Arjun Mathur

12 Mar'18
A Beginner’s Guide to MVC Architecture in Java

35.67K+

A Beginner’s Guide to MVC Architecture in Java

If you’re related to web development scene, you’ll most certainly have come across the acronym “MVC” hundreds of time, if not more. MVC is one of the most talked about design patterns in the web programming world today, and rightly so. In this article, we’ll take you through the world of MVC Architecture. We’ll talk about the basics of MVC, its advantages, and finally, a simple code that will help you understand the implementation of MVC in Java in a clearer way. What exactly is the MVC architecture? Before we get into the technicalities of it, let’s make some things clear – MVC is NOT a design pattern, it’s a way to structure your applications. In recent years, the web applications are extensively using the MVC architecture, and hence it’s natural to confuse it for a design pattern exclusive for web applications. However, let’s tell you that MVC was first described way back in 1979 – before the WWW era when there was no concept of web applications. The architecture used today for web applications is an adaptation of the original pattern. In fact, this architecture was initially included in the two major web development frameworks – Struts and Ruby on Rails. These two environments paved the way for a majority of web frameworks that came later – and thus the popularity of this architecture kept rising. Learn to build applications like Swiggy, Quora, IMDB and more MVC architectural pattern follows an elementary idea – we must separate the responsibilities in any application on the following basis: Model: Handles data and business logic. View: Presents the data to the user whenever asked for. Controller: Entertains user requests and fetch necessary resources. Each of the components has a demarcated set of tasks which ensures smooth functioning of the entire application along with complete modularity. Let us have a look at each of these components in further detail. Check out our free courses to get an edge over the competition. Explore Our Software Development Free Courses Fundamentals of Cloud Computing JavaScript Basics from the scratch Data Structures and Algorithms Blockchain Technology React for Beginners Core Java Basics Java Node.js for Beginners Advanced JavaScript upGrad’s Exclusive Software and Tech Webinar for you – SAAS Business – What is So Different? document.createElement('video'); https://cdn.upgrad.com/blog/mausmi-ambastha.mp4   Controller The controller is the like the housekeeper of the application – it performs coordination between model and view to entertain a user request. The user requests are received as HTTP get or post request – for example, when the user clicks on any GUI elements to perform any action. The primary function of a controller is to call and coordinate with the model to fetch any necessary resources required to act. Usually, on receiving a user request, the controller calls the appropriate model for the task at hand. Check out upGrad’s Full Stack Development Bootcamp (JS/MERN) Model The model is quite simply the data for our application. The data is “modelled” in a way it’s easy to store, retrieve, and edit. The model is how we apply rules to our data, which eventually represents the concepts our application manages. For any software application, everything is modelled as data that can be handled easily. What is a user, a book, or a message for an app? Nothing really, only data that must be processed according to specific rules. Like, the date must not be higher than the current date, the email must be in the correct format, the name mustn’t be more than “x” characters long, etc. Check out upGrad’s Java Bootcamp Whenever a user makes any request from the controller, it contacts the appropriate model which returns a data representation of whatever the user requested. This model will be the same for a particular work, irrespective of how we wish to display it to the user. That is why we can choose any available view to render the model data. Additionally, a model also contains the logic to update the relevant controller whenever there is any change in the model’s data. Explore our Popular Software Engineering Courses Master of Science in Computer Science from LJMU & IIITB Caltech CTME Cybersecurity Certificate Program Full Stack Development Bootcamp PG Program in Blockchain Executive PG Program in Full Stack Development View All our Courses Below Software Engineering Courses View As the name suggests, the view is responsible for rendering the data received from the model. There may be pre-designed templates where you can fit the data, and there may even be several different views per model depending on the requirements. Any web application is structured keeping these three core components in mind. There may be a primary controller that is responsible for receiving all the requests and calling the specific controller for specific actions. Let’s understand the working of a web application under the MVC architecture better using an example. Let’s See an Example Let’s take an example of an online stationery shop. The user can view items, buy, add items to cart, add items to current order, or even add/remove items (if he’s the admin). Now, let’s see what will happen when a user clicks on the title “Pens” to see the list of pens. Our application will have a particular controller to handle all the queries related to pens. Let’s say it’s called “pens_controller.php”. We’ll also have a model that will store the data regarding the pens we have – let’s call it “pens_model.php”. Finally, we’ll have several views to present the data – a list of pens, a table displaying pens, a page to edit the list, etc. The following figure shows the complete flow of control right from the moment a user clicks on “pens”, to when the result is rendered in front of him: First, the “pens_controller.php” handles the user request (1) as a GET or POST request. We can also have an “index.php” which is the central controller which will call the “pens_controller” whenever needed. The controller then examines the request and the parameters and calls the required model – in this case, “pens_model.php”. The controller asks the model to return the list of available pens (2). Now, the model searches the database for the necessary information (3), applies logics if necessary, and returns the data to the controller(4). The controller then picks an appropriate view (5) and presents the data (6 and 7). If a request comes from a handheld device, a view suitable for it will be used, or if the user has a particular theme selected, its view will be picked – and so on. How to Become a Full Stack Developer The Advantages of the MVC Architecture A common problem faced by application developers these days is the support for different type of devices. The MVC architecture solves this problem as developers can create different interfaces for different devices, and based on from which device the request is made, the controller will select an appropriate view. The model sends the same data irrespective of the device being used, which ensures a complete consistency across all devices. The MVC separation beautifully isolates the view from the business logic. It also reduces complexities in designing large application by keeping the code and workflow structured. This makes the overall code much easier to maintain, test, debug, and reuse. In-Demand Software Development Skills JavaScript Courses Core Java Courses Data Structures Courses Node.js Courses SQL Courses Full stack development Courses NFT Courses DevOps Courses Big Data Courses React.js Courses Cyber Security Courses Cloud Computing Courses Database Design Courses Python Courses Cryptocurrency Courses A Simple Implementation of MVC using Java We will have the following three: StudentObject : the model.   StudentView: view class to print details on the console.   StudentController: a controller that stores data in studentObject and updates StudentView accordingly Step 1: Create the Model public class Student {   private String rollNo;   private String name;      public String getRollNo() {      return rollNo;   }      public void setRollNo(String rollNo) {      this.rollNo = rollNo;   }      public String getName() {      return name;   }      public void setName(String name) {      this.name = name;   } } The code is self-explanatory. It consists of functions to get/set roll number and names of the students. Let’s call it “student.java”. Step 2: Create the View public class StudentView {   public void printStudentDetails(String studentName, String studentRollNo){      System.out.println("Student: ");      System.out.println("Name: " + studentName);      System.out.println("Roll No: " + studentRollNo);   } } This is simply to print the values to the console. Let’s call this “studentView.java”. Step 3: Create the Controller public class StudentController {   private Student model;   private StudentView view;   public StudentController(Student model, StudentView view){      this.model = model;      this.view = view;   }   public void setStudentName(String name){      model.setName(name);   }   public String getStudentName(){      return model.getName();   }   public void setStudentRollNo(String rollNo){      model.setRollNo(rollNo);   }   public String getStudentRollNo(){      return model.getRollNo();   }   public void updateView(){      view.printStudentDetails(model.getName(), model.getRollNo());   } } Call this “StudentController.java”. A cursory glance will tell you that this controller is just responsible for calling the model to get/set the data, and then updating the view. Now, let’s have a look at how all of this is tied together. Step 4: Create the main Java file public class MVCPatternDemo {   public static void main(String[] args) {      //fetch student record based on his roll no from the database      Student model  = retriveStudentFromDatabase();      //Create a view : to write student details on console      StudentView view = new StudentView();      StudentController controller = new StudentController(model, view);      controller.updateView();      //update model data      controller.setStudentName("John");      controller.updateView();   }   private static Student retriveStudentFromDatabase(){      Student student = new Student();      student.setName("Robert");      student.setRollNo("10");      return student;   } } This is called “MVCPatternDemo.java”. As you can see, it fetches the student data from the database or a function (in this case we’re using a function to set the values) and pushes it on to the Student model. Then, it initialises the view we had created earlier. Further, it also initialises our controller and binds it to the model and the view. The updateView() method is a part of the controller which updates the student details on the console. Step 5: Test the Result If everything goes right, the result should be: Student: Name: Robert Roll No: 10 Student: Name: John Roll No: 10 If you get this as the output, congratulations! You’ve successfully implemented the MVC architecture using Java, albeit for a simple application. However simple, this application is enough to demonstrate the powers of the MVC architecture. 15 Must-Know Spring MVC Interview Questions Wrapping Up… After so much said and done, it’s hard to emphasise more on the power of the MVC architecture in any web/desktop application these days. It provides an altogether new level of modularity to your code which makes it a lot more readable and maintainable. So, if you want to scale to new heights in your career as an application developer, getting hold of the MVC architecture and its working should be your top priority. Read our Popular Articles related to Software Development Why Learn to Code? How Learn to Code? How to Install Specific Version of NPM Package? Types of Inheritance in C++ What Should You Know? Enroll in Software Engineering Courses from the World’s top Universities. Earn Executive PG Programs, Advanced Certificate Programs, or Masters Programs to fast-track your career. Do drop by a comment and let us know how you like this article!
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by Arjun Mathur

09 Apr'18