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Python Program To Check Prime Number
Updated on 08 January, 2024
7.92K+ views
• 8 min read
Table of Contents
Python programming is one of the most popular programming languages that is used in the latest technology. A beginner in any programming languages would have come across initial practice exercises such as identifying prime numbers, even or odd numbers, etc. In this article, we will learn how to write a prime number program in Python to check whether a number entered by the user is a prime number or not.
To write this program, firstly, we need to understand what a prime number is. A prime number is a natural number that is only divisible by 1 and itself, which means that this number cannot be a product of any other smaller two numbers. For example, 2, 3, 7, 11, 13, 17, etc. are prime numbers.
The program has to check if the number is divisible by any of the numbers lying in between 2 and itself. If it is divisible by any of these numbers, the remainder will be zero, and we can conclude that it is not a prime number. And if the remainder is not zero, then it is a prime number.
Python Programming Topics
There are three Python programming topics that one should know to be able to write the prime number program in Python. These are:
1. If…else statement
This is used when there is a need to decide whether to execute a particular set of codes or no. It depends on the condition. If the condition is satisfied, i.e., the test expression is true, then the statements will be executed. If the condition is not satisfied, the statements will not be executed, and it will jump to the ‘else’ section of the code.
if test expression:
Body inside if
else:
Body inside else
A simple example better explains this:
#To check if the number is positive and print accordingly
num = 5
if num > 0
print(“Number is Positive)
else
print(“Number is Negative)
Output: Number is positive
2. For Loop
The For loop is used to iterate over a sequence. So, for each item in the list or set, a set of statements can be executed.
for variable in sequence:
Body inside for
For example:
sports = [“cricket”, “football”, “tennis”]
for z in sports:
print(z)
Output: cricket
football
tennis
3. Break
The break statement can change the flow of a loop in Python. Usually, a loop repeats over a sequence of codes continuously till the condition is not satisfied or the test expression is false. But sometimes, we may want to stop the current iteration of a loop or maybe the whole loop by checking for one condition. In such cases, a break statement is used.
for variable in sequence:
if condition:
break
The loop will be broken once the condition is satisfied.
To understand better with an example:
for var in “mango”:
if var == “g”:
break
print(var)
Output: m
a
n
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Prime Number Program In Python
In this program, we will first ask the user to enter a number. After that, we will check if the number is greater than 1. If it is, we will check if it is divisible by any number between 2 and itself. If it is divisible, then it prints that the number is not a prime number. If it is not divisible, then it prints that the number is a prime number. And if the number is less than 1, then it prints that the number is not a prime number.
The Python program is as follows:
num = int(input("Enter a number: "))
if num > 1:
for i in range(2, num):
if (num % i) == 0:
print(num, "is not a prime number")
break
else:
print(num, "is a prime number")
else:
print(num, "is not a prime number")
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The int() statement is used to convert any number entered by the user into an integer. The range() statement is used so that the value of “i” goes through each number from 2 to the number entered by the user. The print() statement is used to print the value inside the bracket into the output. The user can now check whether any number entered by them is a prime number or no.
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The Sieve of Eratosthenes Algorithm
There is an antique set of rules for figuring out high numbers up to a selected size called the Sieve of Eratosthenes. The algorithm generates a list of numbers up to a given limit and then repeatedly notes multiples of each prime until there is no more prime no in Python. The remaining unsigned numbers are all primes.
The Sieve of Eratosthenes Algorithm is the Python program to check prime number.
def sieve_of_eratosthenes(limit):
primes = [True] * (limit+1)
p = 2
while p**2 <= limit:
if primes[p]:
for i in range(p**2, limit+1, p):
primes[i] = False
p += 1
return [i for i in range(2, limit+1) if primes[i]]
A “break” statement in an internal loop is any other optimization technique for verifying primes. There is a vintage set of rules for figuring out top numbers as much as a specific size called the Sieve of Eratosthenes. Instead of repeatedly iterating over all the numbers up to a certain restriction, we may also stop the loop as quickly as we find an issue of the wide variety. A Python Function using the “break” Command
def is_prime(n):
if n <= 1:
return False
for i in range(2, int(n**0.5)+1):
if n % i == 0:
return False
break
return True
The Difference between “is” and “==” Operators in Python
The “is”; operator determines if variables have an equal price, while the Python "is" operator determines whether variables are a part of the identical memory item. Whether we use the “is” or “==”; the operator would not surely rely whilst evaluating variables to integers or other immutable sorts. On the other hand, the “is”; operator might also yield surprising outcomes for changeable kinds like dictionaries or lists. It is also a Python program to print prime numbers.
Here is an instance:
a = [1, 2, 3]
b = [1, 2, 3]
print(a == b) # True
print(a is b) # False
Recursive Functions to Check Prime Numbers
A recursive function repeatedly calls itself until it hits the main character. An integer’s primeness can be checked using a recursive function. Here is the Prime no program in Python:
def is_prime(n, i=2):
if n <= 2:
return True if n == 2 else False
if n % i == 0:
return False
if i**2 > n:
return True
return is_prime(n, i+1)
Miller-Rabin Algorithm
The Miller-Rabin algorithm, a probabilistic algorithm, is the Python program to find prime number. The algorithm chooses a random witness number and checks that it meets certain conditions. The probability that the algorithm gives a wrong result can be arbitrarily small by choosing enough witnesses.
Here is a Python implementation of the Miller-Rabin algorithm:
import random
def is_prime(n, k=5):
if n <= 3:
return n == 2 or n == 3
if n % 2 == 0:
return False
# write n-1 as 2^s * d
s, d = 0, n-1
while d % 2 == 0:
s += 1
d //= 2
# perform k rounds of testing
for _ in range(k):
a = random.randint(2, n-2)
x = pow(a, d, n)
if x == 1 or x == n-1:
continue
for _ in range(s-1):
x = pow(x, 2, n)
if x == n-1:
break
else:
return False
return True
Conclusion
This article demonstrates how to write a simple program for a prime number in Python language. Using this logic, we can write other basic programs to improve our skills. And we have also learned three programming topics, i.e., if..else statement, for loop, and break. These are basic topics that can be used for more complicated and long programs to execute larger tasks to understand a prime number in Python.
Check out all trending Python tutorial concepts in 2024.
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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. What are Python's distinct features?
Python is a well-known programming language among data scientists and Machine Learning experts. Python's success stems because it is easy to learn and has a simple syntax and readability. It is easy to comprehend, making troubleshooting simple.
Also, it is a free and open-source programming language, and Python Professionals can use it in a variety of ways. It is an object-oriented language that supports class notions, and it is simple to combine with other languages such as C++, Java, and others.
2. What are functions in Python?
Functions are pieces or parts of a Python code that are organized and reused to execute single and related actions. Functions are helpful in improving modularity in systems that reuse a significant degree of code. Python has a variety of built-in functions, such as print(). Along with providing a wide range of built-in functions, Python also allows you to build user-defined functions.
3. What are the real-life use cases of Python?
Python is one of the world's most widespread programming languages today. Most of the computational and software programs employ Python for their core programming requirements. It includes surfing Google, going through Instagram, watching videos on YouTube, or listening to music on Spotify. All of these activities are directly or indirectly related to Python. This shows that Python is utilized on a wide range of platforms, applications, and services.