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Top 15 Raspberry Pi in IoT Project Ideas for 2025
Updated on 06 December, 2024
37.84K+ views
• 18 min read
Table of Contents
Change is the only constant in life. And, the world of technology is evolving faster than ever, and the Internet of Things (IoT) is at the forefront of this revolution. With devices becoming smarter and more connected, the IoT market is expected to grow to over $1.1 trillion by 2025.
This rapid growth offers immense opportunities, especially in the realm of Raspberry Pi in IoT projects. By combining the versatility of Raspberry Pi with the power of IoT, developers are crafting innovative solutions that make life more efficient, sustainable, and connected.
If you’re eager to step into the world of IoT, then you’re in the right place. This article provides a curated list of Raspberry Pi IoT projects that can help you refine your skills.
Dive in and discover how to turn your passion for technology into impactful real-world projects!
Top 15 Raspberry Pi IoT Projects
Working on Raspberry Pi IoT projects not only boosts your technical expertise but also helps you stay ahead in the rapidly evolving world of IoT. No matter if you're a student looking to break into the tech world or a professional aiming to upgrade your skills, these projects offer invaluable hands-on experience.
Here are some exciting IoT projects using Raspberry Pi that can help you explore new horizons in IoT development.
Voice Controlled Air Purifier
This project allows you to control an air purifier through voice commands, combining home automation with health tech. Below are the essential details of this project.
Aspect |
Details |
Brief Working of the Project | Uses voice recognition to operate air purifier. |
Tools Used | Raspberry Pi, Microphone, Python, IoT Platforms |
Skills Gained | Voice Command Integration, IoT Automation, Programming Language |
The features of this project include the following.
- Voice-controlled operation
- Real-time air quality monitoring
- Smart home integration
Examples of the project: Used in smart homes, offices, or hospitals to improve air quality through automation.
To bring this project to life, consider the challenges and how to overcome them.
Challenges |
How to Overcome Them |
Poor voice recognition | Implement noise-cancellation techniques |
Device connectivity issues | Ensure stable Wi-Fi or Bluetooth connection |
Sensor calibration errors | Regularly calibrate sensors for accuracy |
Also Read: Top 10 Raspberry Pi Alternatives Available in 2025
Car Safety System With Airbag Notification
This IoT project uses Raspberry Pi to enhance vehicle safety. It connects sensors to detect car accidents and send immediate notifications about airbag deployment to a mobile device.
Here’s an overview of the key aspects of this project.
Aspect |
Details |
Brief Working of the Project | Detects impact and sends alert. |
Tools Used | Raspberry Pi, Accelerometers, GSM Module |
Skills Gained | IoT Communication, Real-time Notification Systems |
Here are the features of this car safety system.
- Real-time impact detection
- Airbag deployment notification
- Mobile alerts and monitoring
Examples of the project: Potential for use in vehicles for enhanced safety or monitoring systems.
Below are some challenges to consider.
Challenges |
How to Overcome Them |
False notifications | Fine-tune impact sensitivity |
Sensor failures | Regular maintenance and calibration |
Mobile app integration issues | Improve API and connectivity reliability |
Also Read: Top 9 Machine Learning APIs for Data Science You Need to Know About
IoT Weather Reporting System using Arduino and Ras Pi
This weather station uses both Arduino and Raspberry Pi to collect, analyze, and report real-time weather data. Here are the crucial elements of this project.
Aspect |
Details |
Brief Working of the Project | Collects and reports weather data using sensors. |
Tools Used | Arduino, Raspberry Pi, Weather Sensors |
Skills Gained | Sensor Integration, Data Collection, Real-time Reporting |
Below are the features of this weather station.
- Real-time weather updates
- Remote access to data
- Data visualization
Examples of the project: Can be deployed in farms, research stations, or cities for weather forecasting.
Here are some challenges and ways to overcome them.
Challenges |
How to Overcome Them |
Inaccurate data | Calibrate sensors periodically |
Connectivity issues | Use low-power long-range communication modules |
Data storage limitations | Use cloud storage solutions |
Wearable Computer With Temperature Distance Sensors
This IoT project uses Raspberry Pi to create a wearable device that monitors body temperature and distance to nearby objects. The following table highlights the main details of this project.
Aspect |
Details |
Brief Working of the Project | Monitors body temperature and surroundings. |
Tools Used | Raspberry Pi, Temperature Sensors, Ultrasonic Sensors |
Skills Gained | Wearable Technology, Health Monitoring, IoT Data Processing |
The features of this wearable computer include the following.
- Real-time temperature monitoring
- Distance sensing for safety
- User alerts for abnormal readings
Examples of the project: Ideal for healthcare workers or athletes who need continuous health monitoring.
Here are the challenges and solutions to consider.
Challenges |
How to Overcome Them |
Power consumption | Use energy-efficient components |
Sensor accuracy | Calibrate sensors regularly |
Comfort and size | Optimize wearable design |
Also Read: Raspberry Pi Commands: General, Networking, Internet, File & System Information
IoT Water Pollution Monitor RC Boat
This IoT project integrates Raspberry Pi and sensors to detect pollutants in water bodies, providing a real-time analysis of water quality through a remote-controlled boat.
Here are the highlights that make this project unique.
Aspect |
Details |
Brief Working of the Project | Monitors water quality via a boat. |
Tools Used | Raspberry Pi, Water Quality Sensors, RC Boat |
Skills Gained | Environmental Monitoring, Remote Operation, Sensor Data Analysis |
Here are the key features of this project.
- Real-time water quality monitoring
- Remote-controlled operation
- Pollution detection in water bodies
Examples of the project: Can be used in rivers, lakes, or industrial areas to monitor water quality.
Here are some of the challenges of this project and how to tackle them.
Challenges |
How to Overcome Them |
Limited range of sensors | Use advanced sensors with a longer range |
Boat stability issues | Ensure better design and testing |
Data accuracy | Regularly calibrate the sensors |
Voice Controlled Air Purifier (Again)
This project focuses on enhanced voice recognition and integration with other IoT devices. Below are the significant components of this project.
Aspect |
Details |
Brief Working of the Project | Operates an air purifier using voice commands. |
Tools Used | Raspberry Pi, Microphone, Smart Home API |
Skills Gained | Smart Home Integration, Voice Recognition, IoT Control Systems |
Here are some features that will set this project apart.
- Seamless voice integration
- Data-driven air quality updates
- Connectivity with other smart devices
Examples of the project: Useful in modern smart homes for air purification.
To tackle challenges, you might face the following.
Challenges |
How to Overcome Them |
Voice recognition issues | Improve voice training models |
Limited device compatibility | Use standard IoT communication protocols |
False operation triggers | Refine noise and speech recognition algorithms |
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Contactless IoT Doorbell
With Raspberry Pi in IoT projects, you can create a doorbell. It recognizes visitors, records video, and even sends alerts to your mobile device, all without physical contact.
Here are the foundational details of this project.
Aspect |
Details |
Brief Working of the Project | Detects visitors and sends alerts remotely. |
Tools Used | Raspberry Pi, Camera Module, PIR Sensors |
Skills Gained | Computer Vision, IoT Automation, Mobile App Integration |
Here are the features that make this project stand out.
- Face recognition technology
- Video streaming to mobile devices
- Real-time visitor alerts
Examples of the project: Can be integrated into smart home security systems for improved monitoring.
Below are some challenges you might face and how to overcome them.
Challenges |
How to Overcome Them |
Low lighting conditions | Integrate infrared or night-vision capabilities |
False alarms due to movement | Use advanced motion detection algorithms |
Connectivity issues | Improve Wi-Fi signal range and stability |
RC Underwater Exploration Drone
Raspberry Pi IoT projects offer an exciting way to explore underwater environments. With the integration of remote control, this underwater exploration drone can dive deep and send back valuable data on water quality, temperature, and aquatic life.
Below are the vital aspects of this project.
Aspect |
Details |
Brief Working of the Project | Monitors underwater conditions using sensors. |
Tools Used | Raspberry Pi, Waterproof Sensors, Motors |
Skills Gained | Robotics, Sensor Integration, Remote Control Systems |
Here are the key features of this drone.
- Real-time underwater data collection
- Remote control with live streaming
- Waterproof design for deep dives
Examples of the project: Suitable for environmental research, marine biology, or industrial water analysis.
Here are the challenges to consider and solutions.
Challenges |
How to Overcome Them |
Water leakage | Ensure tight waterproofing and sealing |
Signal interference | Use robust communication protocols like underwater acoustic modems |
Limited battery life | Use energy-efficient motors and sensors |
Also Read: Difference Between IoT and AI: Which is Better?
IoT Temperature & Mask Scan Entry System
With Raspberry Pi in IoT, you can create a system that checks both temperature and mask compliance before granting access to a building or facility.
Here are the core details of this project.
Aspect |
Details |
Brief Working of the Project | Scans temperature and mask status before allowing entry. |
Tools Used | Raspberry Pi, Thermal Camera, Mask Detection Algorithm |
Skills Gained | Thermal Imaging, Image Processing, Access Control Systems |
Here are the core features of this entry system.
- Real-time temperature scanning
- Mask detection with facial recognition
- Automated access control
Examples of the project: This system can be used at offices, schools, or healthcare facilities to enforce safety protocols.
Here are some challenges and their solutions.
Challenges |
How to Overcome Them |
Inaccurate temperature readings | Calibrate thermal camera regularly |
False mask detection | Improve mask recognition accuracy |
High setup costs | Use cost-effective components and open-source software |
Thermal Screening Drone
This IoT project uses thermal sensors mounted on a drone to detect elevated body temperatures in crowds. It helps to quickly identify individuals who may need further health screening.
Here are the standout details of this project.
Aspect |
Details |
Brief Working of the Project | Scans crowds for elevated temperatures from the air. |
Tools Used | Raspberry Pi, Thermal Camera, Drone Motors |
Skills Gained | Thermal Imaging, Drone Navigation, Crowd Monitoring |
The features of this thermal screening drone include the following.
- High-resolution thermal imaging
- Live data streaming to monitoring systems
- Aerial view for crowd scanning
Examples of the project: Ideal for large public gatherings, airports, or outdoor events where crowds need to be screened for fever.
Here are some challenges to address.
Challenges |
How to Overcome Them |
Drone stability in wind | Use advanced stabilization technology |
Temperature sensor accuracy | Calibrate sensors for precise readings |
Data overload | Use edge computing for faster data processing |
IoT Contactless Covid Testing Booth Automation
With the global emphasis on contactless operations, this Raspberry Pi IoT project automates COVID testing booths. It integrates sensors to ensure safety by detecting when an individual is ready for testing and automatically starts the procedure, from sample collection to result reporting.
Below are the essential features that define this project.
Aspect |
Details |
Brief Working of the Project | Automates sample collection and reporting. |
Tools Used | Raspberry Pi, Motion Sensors, Bio-sensors |
Skills Gained | Automation Systems, Bio-sensor Integration, IoT Communication |
The features of this project include the following.
- Touchless operation
- Real-time result reporting
- Automated sample collection
Examples of the project: Can be deployed in airports, malls, or other public places for easy and quick Covid testing.
Challenges and solutions include the following.
Challenges |
How to Overcome Them |
Sensor contamination | Regular sanitization and maintenance |
Data privacy concerns | Implement secure data encryption |
Integration with testing labs | Ensure compatibility with lab systems |
Thermal Vision RC Robotic Tank
With IoT projects using Raspberry Pi, this thermal vision robotic tank can navigate autonomously while using a thermal camera. It detects heat signatures, which is useful for search and rescue missions or military applications.
Here’s a closer look at the project’s important elements.
Aspect |
Details |
Brief Working of the Project | Uses thermal vision for navigation and detection. |
Tools Used | Raspberry Pi, Thermal Camera, Motors |
Skills Gained | Robotics, Thermal Imaging, Autonomous Navigation |
Here are the features of this robotic tank.
- Autonomous navigation
- Real-time heat signature detection
- Rugged design for rough terrains
Examples of the project: Can be used in disaster management or military surveillance.
Here are some of the challenges you may face.
Challenges |
How to Overcome Them |
Limited battery life | Use high-capacity batteries and energy-efficient motors |
Motion tracking errors | Improve sensor calibration |
Harsh environment handling | Enhance tank design for durability |
IoT Social Distancing & Monitoring Robot For Queue
This Raspberry Pi-based robot helps ensure social distancing is maintained in public spaces, such as malls or hospitals. It uses cameras and sensors to monitor people’s proximity and sends alerts if the social distancing rules are violated.
Here’s a quick breakdown of the project’s main details.
Aspect |
Details |
Brief Working of the Project | Monitors social distancing in crowds. |
Tools Used | Raspberry Pi, Cameras, Sensors, Motors |
Skills Gained | Crowd Monitoring, Robotics, IoT Alerts |
The features of this robot include the following.
- Social distancing detection
- Real-time alerts to users
- Autonomous navigation
Examples of the project: Can be deployed in public places to ensure health protocols are followed.
Here’s a quick look at some of the challenges.
Challenges |
How to Overcome Them |
Obstruction of sensors | Enhance sensor positioning and coverage |
Limited operational range | Improve navigation algorithms for wider coverage |
False distance detection | Fine-tune sensor accuracy and calibration |
Also Read: Future Scope of IoT: Applications of IoT in Top Industries
AI Bartender Cocktail Maker Machine
Combining AI with IoT, this Raspberry Pi project uses voice commands and sensors to create and serve cocktails automatically. It analyzes ingredients, measures quantities, and mixes drinks just like a bartender.
Here’s an overview of this project.
Aspect |
Details |
Brief Working of the Project | Mixes and serves drinks on command. |
Tools Used | Raspberry Pi, Motors, Sensors, AI tools |
Skills Gained | Artificial Intelligence, Automation, Sensor Integration |
Here are the features of this project.
- Voice command-enabled
- Ingredient recognition and measurement
- Automatic mixing and serving
Examples of the project: Perfect for bars, parties, or homes looking for a unique cocktail-making experience.
Challenges and solutions include the following.
Challenges |
How to Overcome Them |
AI recognition errors | Train the AI model with more data |
Ingredient availability | Integrate real-time inventory management |
Machine breakdowns | Implement self-diagnostics for repairs |
IoT Doggy Daycare Robot
With Raspberry Pi, this IoT project involves creating a robotic system that takes care of pets in a daycare setting. It can feed, monitor, and even interact with pets remotely, all controlled via a mobile app.
Here are the details of this project.
Aspect |
Details |
Brief Working of the Project | Monitors and feeds pets in daycare. |
Tools Used | Raspberry Pi, Camera, Sensors, Motors |
Skills Gained | Robotics, Mobile App Integration, Pet Care Automation |
Here are the key features.
- Remote pet monitoring
- Automated feeding and playtime
- Mobile app control
Examples of the project: Can be used in pet daycare centers or even homes for pet care.
To tackle the challenges, consider these.
Challenges |
How to Overcome Them |
Pet Interaction Issues | Improve AI for pet behavior recognition |
Power Management | Use low-power components and solar charging |
Remote Control Issues | Enhance mobile app stability and connectivity |
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How to Setup Raspberry Pi in IoT Projects
Setting up Raspberry Pi for IoT projects is a rewarding experience that opens up endless possibilities for innovation. Here's a brief guide to setting up Raspberry Pi for your next IoT project.
- Get the Right Hardware: Choose a Raspberry Pi model that suits your IoT project needs. Raspberry Pi 4 or Raspberry Pi Zero W are ideal for most IoT applications, offering good processing power and wireless capabilities.
- Install the Operating System: Download and install Raspberry Pi OS (formerly Raspbian) on your microSD card. This operating system is optimized for IoT projects using Raspberry Pi.
- Connect Peripherals: Attach a monitor, keyboard, and mouse to set up your Raspberry Pi. If you’re working remotely, use SSH or VNC for headless setup.
- Configure Network: Connect your Raspberry Pi to a Wi-Fi network or use an Ethernet cable to enable communication for your IoT projects using Raspberry Pi.
- Install IoT Software: Install any necessary libraries, like Python, MQTT, or Node-RED, which are commonly used in IoT projects using Raspberry Pi for device communication and automation.
- Test and Run Your IoT Project: Once everything is set up, test your Raspberry Pi in IoT projects. Monitor sensor data, connect to cloud computing services, or control devices remotely to ensure everything works seamlessly.
Also Read: Top 15 IoT Examples in Real-Life You Should Know
How to Choose the Ideal Raspberry Pi in IoT Projects?
When diving into Raspberry Pi IoT projects, selecting the right Raspberry Pi model is crucial. With so many models available, each tailored to different use cases, choosing the ideal one for your specific project needs careful consideration.
So, how do you choose the best Raspberry Pi for your IoT application? Let’s explore some of the most popular models and their features to help you make an informed decision.
Pi 400
The Raspberry Pi 400 is a compact, all-in-one keyboard unit with a powerful processor. This makes it ideal for projects where space is limited but you need more processing power.
Have a look at its key details.
Pros:
- Integrated keyboard for portability
- Powerful quad-core ARM Cortex-A72 processor
- Ideal for compact setups
Cons:
- Limited GPIO pins for hardware integration
- No camera or display ports (requires adapters)
RAM: 4 GB
Connectivity:
- 2 USB 3.0 ports
- Gigabit Ethernet
- Dual HDMI for dual monitors
- Bluetooth 5.0
- Wi-Fi 802.11ac
Ideal for: Raspberry Pi IoT projects where you need a powerful yet portable unit, such as home automation hubs or data aggregation stations.
Pi 4
The Raspberry Pi 4 is a versatile powerhouse in the world of Raspberry Pi IoT projects. With its enhanced processing power, increased RAM options, and diverse connectivity, it’s perfect for projects that demand seamless integration with a variety of IoT sensors.
Here are its key details.
Pros:
- 4K video output via dual micro HDMI
- Multiple RAM options (2 GB, 4 GB, 8 GB)
- Excellent performance for data-heavy applications
Cons:
- High power consumption
- Needs a reliable cooling system for extended use
RAM: 2 GB, 4 GB, or 8 GB
Connectivity:
- 2 USB 3.0 ports
- Gigabit Ethernet
- Dual HDMI
- Bluetooth 5.0
- Wi-Fi 802.11ac
Ideal for: Complex IoT projects that require high processing power, such as real-time data processing in ML, industrial monitoring systems, and media streaming.
Pi 3 Model B
Raspberry Pi 3 Model B offers a perfect balance between power, connectivity, and versatility. While not as powerful as the Pi 4, its quad-core processor, ample RAM, and strong connectivity options make it a solid choice for most IoT applications.
Below are the key details of Pi 3 Model B.
Pros:
- Affordable price point
- Broad community support
- Good balance of performance and power efficiency
Cons:
- Limited RAM compared to Pi 4
- Less processing power for high-demand tasks
RAM: 1 GB
Connectivity:
- 4 USB 2.0 ports
- 10/100 Ethernet
- HDMI
- Bluetooth 4.2
- Wi-Fi 802.11n
Ideal for: General-purpose Raspberry Pi IoT projects, such as home automation, environmental monitoring, and small robotics.
Also Read: IoT Essential Components & Layers Explained: How They Improve Our Life?
Pi 2 Model B
Although older, the Raspberry Pi 2 Model B remains a relevant option for simple and low-cost IoT projects. With its four-core processor, it offers a reasonable amount of power for basic automation tasks and sensors that don’t require high processing capabilities.
Here are the key details of Pi 2 Model B.
Pros:
- Low cost
- Sufficient power for simple tasks
- Great for educational projects
Cons:
- Outdated processing power for complex tasks
- Limited RAM for heavier workloads
RAM: 1 GB
Connectivity:
- 4 USB 2.0 ports
- 10/100 Ethernet
- HDMI
- No Wi-Fi or Bluetooth
Ideal for: Lightweight Raspberry Pi IoT projects that don’t require significant computational power, such as basic temperature sensing or simple home automation systems.
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Pi 1 Model B+
The Raspberry Pi 1 Model B+ is an older model that can still be useful for small, cost-effective IoT applications. Despite its age, it can handle basic IoT projects involving low-power sensors and simple control tasks.
Below are the key details of this model.
Pros:
- Extremely low cost
- Low power consumption
- Great for educational purposes
Cons:
- Low performance and limited resources
- Lacks modern features like Wi-Fi
RAM: 512 MB
Connectivity:
- 4 USB 2.0 ports
- 10/100 Ethernet
- HDMI
- No Wi-Fi or Bluetooth
Ideal for: Very basic IoT projects or educational demonstrations where minimal computing power is needed.
Pi 1 Model A+
The Raspberry Pi 1 Model A+ is an even smaller and more affordable version of the Pi 1 Model B+. It’s ideal for projects where space and power consumption are extremely limited, but performance needs are minimal.
Have a look at this model’s details.
Pros:
- Ultra-low-cost
- Small form factor
- Very low power usage
Cons:
- No Ethernet port
- Limited RAM and processing power
RAM: 512 MB
Connectivity:
- 1 USB 2.0 port
- No Ethernet
- HDMI
- No Wi-Fi or Bluetooth
Ideal for: Minimal IoT projects that require low power and small size, such as remote sensors or simple control systems.
Pi Zero
Raspberry Pi Zero is the smallest and most power-efficient model available. It’s incredibly compact and can be used for various IoT applications where size and power consumption are critical factors. Despite its small size, it’s surprisingly versatile for simple to moderately complex IoT tasks.
Below are the key details of Pi Zero.
Pros:
- Extremely small size
- Very low power consumption
- Low cost
Cons:
- Minimal processing power
- Limited connectivity options
RAM: 512 MB
Connectivity:
- 1 USB 2.0 port
- No Ethernet
- HDMI
- No built-in Wi-Fi (requires add-on)
Ideal for: Tiny IoT projects like wearable devices, remote sensors, or portable applications that need minimal processing power and low energy consumption.
Also Read: Blockchain in IoT: Examples, Challenges & Real World Applications
How Can upGrad Help You in Your Next Raspberry Pi IoT Projects?
With the rapid growth of IoT technology, continuous upskilling has become essential to staying ahead of the curve. However, finding the right guidance to enhance your tech skills and build successful projects can be overwhelming.
This is where upGrad comes in, offering specialized courses to help you navigate the intricacies of Raspberry Pi IoT applications.
Here are some free courses from upGrad that can help you with Raspberry Pi IoT projects.
Course Name |
Key Features |
Programming with Python: Introduction for Beginners
|
|
Blockchain: A Quick Introduction |
|
Data Structures & Algorithms |
|
Fundamentals of Cloud Computing |
|
Need guidance? upGrad’s counseling services are here to help you make the right decisions about your career. Get expert advice on which courses best suit your needs and begin your journey toward mastering the future of IoT.
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Reference Link:
https://blog.ficci.com/archives/8391
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. Why is it called Raspberry Pi?
The name "Raspberry Pi" comes from the fruit "raspberry" and "Pi" for Python, the programming language often used. It reflects the project's goal to make computing accessible and affordable.
2. Does NASA use Raspberry Pi?
Yes, NASA uses Raspberry Pi in various applications, including building educational tools for students and conducting experiments on the International Space Station. Its compact size and low cost make it ideal for space missions.
3. Can Raspberry Pi handle AI?
Raspberry Pi can handle AI tasks, especially with lighter machine learning models. Using frameworks like TensorFlow Lite and OpenCV, it can run AI applications such as image recognition and voice processing.
4. Is Raspberry Pi in demand?
Yes, Raspberry Pi is in high demand, especially in education, IoT projects, robotics, and embedded systems. Its versatility and affordability make it a go-to option for both hobbyists and professionals.
5. Is Raspberry Pi an IoT gateway?
Yes, Raspberry Pi can function as an IoT gateway. It collects, processes, and forwards data between IoT devices and the cloud, enabling efficient communication and control within IoT networks.
6. What language is best for Raspberry Pi?
Python is the most commonly used language for Raspberry Pi due to its simplicity and flexibility. However, languages like C++, Java, and Node.js are also popular for specific projects.
7. Which is better, Raspberry Pi or Arduino?
It depends on the project. Raspberry Pi offers more computational power and runs full operating systems, making it ideal for IoT, AI, and media projects. Arduino, however, is better for simpler, microcontroller-based projects.
8. Can Raspberry Pi run Windows?
Yes, Raspberry Pi can run Windows 10 IoT Core, a version of Windows designed for embedded systems. However, it doesn’t run the full desktop version of Windows like on a PC.
9. Where can I code Raspberry Pi?
You can code Raspberry Pi directly on the device using IDEs like Thonny (for Python), or through remote access using platforms like Visual Studio Code. It also supports web-based code editors.
10. Can you build a drone with Raspberry Pi?
Yes, you can build a drone with Raspberry Pi by using its GPIO pins to control motors, sensors, and cameras. It can run flight control software, allowing for autonomous flight and navigation.
11. Can I install Linux on Raspberry Pi?
Yes, Raspberry Pi is built to run Linux-based operating systems. The official OS is Raspberry Pi OS (formerly Raspbian), but you can install various Linux distributions, including Ubuntu and Arch Linux.
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