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Software Process & Software Process Models [Types of Software Process Models]

Software Process & Software Process Models [Types of Software Process Models]

Updated on 20 February, 2024

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• 12 min read

Table of Contents

An Overview: Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
An Introduction To The Software Process Model
Types Of Software Process Models
The Bottom Line

The term software refers to a specially formulated set of computer programs the associated documents, and the processes that elaborate software programs and their utility. A software process is another set of activities or associated outcomes of the software project. The major activities include software specifications, development, validation, and evolution.

In this article, we will explore more about software processes and software process models in depth.

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An Overview: Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC)

The Software Development Life Cycle alludes to a process utilized by the Software Development Industry for designing, developing, and testing software solutions. The objective of this process is to develop high-quality software solutions that exceed or meet user expectations within stipulated time frames. SDLC is also known as a software development process, which is a framework that defines software development tasks that are formed at every phase of the development process.

The project follows the process which consists of a detailed plan elaborating on how to develop, maintain, alter, replace, or enhance the software solutions. A typical software process consists of multiple stages such as planning and requirement analysis, defining requirements, designing a software product architecture, developing the software solution, testing the project, deploying or maintaining the software in the market.

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An Introduction To The Software Process Model

Software processes refer to a coherent set of activities and processes required for specifying, designing, implementing, and testing the software systems. Any software process model is the abstract representation and ideation of a process that can highlight the description of a resembling process for a few specific perspectives.

There are multiple software processes that majorly involve:

Specification: It defines which systems would perform what job.
Design And Implementation: It defines the organization of the software systems and their subsequent implementation.
Validation: It checks what the customer wants from the required system.
Evolution: It involves changing the system corresponding to the user requirements.

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Types Of Software Process Models

The software processes, frameworks, and methodologies are abstractions that can be utilized directly by the organization to perform their day-to-day work. These processes can also be adapted and extended by the flexible frameworks of the organization to generate a custom set of steps to the requirements of specific software projects or groups. In a few cases, a “maintenance” or “sponsor” organization evenly distributes an official set of the needful documents for describing the software process.

One of the basic aspects of the software development process complies with software development life cycle (SDLC) models. There are various software development life cycle models specially crafted for achieving different objectives. These models are specified at various stages of the process and development module in which they are carried out. The most popular software development life cycle models are mentioned below.

1. Waterfall Model

The Waterfall model represents a breakdown of software project activities in a linear sequential phase. Each phase of this model relies on the deliverables of the previous phase, and it corresponds to the particular aspects of the tasks. The Waterfall model is the first software process model that was introduced. This model is extremely easy to understand by the developers.

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Each phase of this model is completed before the next phase to avoid the overlapping among the multiple phases. The Waterfall model illustrates the software process in a linear sequential flow, which means that any face of the whole process begins only if the previous phase is completed. The approach of this model is typical for most of the areas of software engineering design.

It goes from requirements > design > development > testing > deployment > maintenance.

Features of Waterfall Model:

Sequential Approach – It takes a linear path where you cannot proceed to the next phase before the completion of the preceding phase.
Document Driven – This model relies on documentation and is known to be document-driven. The software development team follows rigorous documentation to deliver high-quality software products.
Planning – It follows pre-defined planning, timelines and deliverables for the completion of the project.

One of the key challenges of the waterfall model is that once the software progresses to the testing phase, the testing team cannot go backward and make changes to the features. This leaves the team with an end product that may or may not fit user requirements.

2. Iterative Mode

An Iterative software development life cycle model does not directly attempt to begin with a full specification of the prerequisites. Instead, it starts by focusing on a simplified and initial set of user features and activities. These features are then progressively developed to gain complexity and a broad range of functions until the expected software system is finished. While adopting the Iterative software model approach, the philosophy of gradual incremental development is also used liberally.

In simple words, an iterative approach starts by implementing and specifying just a part of the software that can be reviewed or prioritized for identifying further requirements. This process is repeated with several new versions of the software for every iteration. In any lightweight iterative software project, the project code represents the actual source of system documentation, but in a critical iterative project, formal software projection is also required.

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Each release of The Iterative model focuses on a key set of requirements to be implemented in the subsequent phases. This particular software process model in software engineering allows for accessing previous phases. The iterative model is used alongside the Incremental model in which a particular software segment is split into smaller fragments called increments. The iterative model is used during the following instances –

There is clarity in understanding the requirements of the application.
Major requirements are defined while other functionalities evolve during the development process.
A new technology is introduced and studied by the development team while working on the project.

The iterative model is beneficial to the Software Development Life Cycle process. It’s necessary to know the advantages to see if it’s the ideal fit for your business needs –

Caters to the needs of agile organizations.
The developers can get end users’ feedback while presenting the sketches and blueprints of the product.
Parallel development can be implemented during the phases.
It is highly adaptable, corresponding to the changing requirements of the client.

While it has notable advantages, the Iterative model may or may not be suitable for smaller projects as it is not realistic to break down the project into further stages.

Surplus resources may be required for the implementation of the Iterative model.
In an iterative model, the end is usually unknown, which poses a risk.
Management needs to be attentive as design issues may arise as requirements are not entirely known during the process.

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3. V Model

The V model for software process represents a development methodology that can be considered as an extension of the Waterfall software model. In this process, instead of moving down in a unique and linear manner, the steps of the process are bent upwards soon after the coding phase, to develop a typical V shape.

This model represents the relationship between each phase of the software development life cycle, along with the associated phases of software testing. The horizontal and vertical axis of this model represents time/project completeness and level of abstraction, respectively.

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4. Incremental Model

The Incremental model of the software development process is a method through which the software is carefully designed, implemented, and tested in an incremental manner until the final product is obtained. This process involves both the development and maintenance aspects. The final product is declared as complete when it can satisfy all of the requirements.

Each of the iterations passes through various requirements, designs, coding, and testing phases. Each subsequent release of the product adds functions to the formal release until the designed functions become fully implemented. The Incremental model conducts the amalgamation of the elements of the Waterfall model along with the iterative philosophy of prototyping.

5. Spiral Model

The Spiral model refers to a test-driven software development model that was introduced for superimposing the shortcomings present in a conventional Waterfall model. The Spiral model looks exactly like a spiral having multiple loops. The exact number of spiral loops is unknown and they can differ from project to project. The Spiral model facilitates risk handling management, and the final software project is delivered in the form of loops.

Each loop of the Spiral model is known as the phase of the whole software development process. The initial phase of the Spiral model in its early development stages of the Waterfall life cycle is required to develop the final software product. The total number of faces required to develop the software can differ from project managers and depends on associated risks.

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6. Agile Model

The Agile model refers to an umbrella term for a specific set of practices and methods based on the values expressed in the same manifesto. Agile manifesto represents a way of thinking that allows businesses and team members to quickly innovate and respond to the ever-changing demands of the industry while eliminating the risks. Organizations can use the Agile methodology with the help of various available frameworks such as Kanban, Lean, Scrum, etc.

The Agile development movement also offers alternatives to conventional project management systems. The Agile model is typically used in the software development process for helping the businesses to respond proactively, referring to a group of software process methodologies.

At this stage, the requirements and software solutions evolve alongside the collaboration between multiple self-organizing functional teams. The primary objective of this model is backed by the software development team’s ability to develop and respond to a turbulent environment.

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Irrespective of whether the individual is a business leader or project lead trying to coordinate with other departments, agile technology is a software process model in software engineering that prioritizes flexibility and continuous improvement.

Agile methodology software, primarily known for its resilience quality, is one of the well-known technologies that stand the test of time. Flexibility forms the basis of agile testing methodologies, along with adaptability, to ensure incremental improvement until deployment. Agile methodology in software engineering has five distinct steps, with each step delivering the shippable product in increments.

Learn the agile methodology stages to examine whether it’s the best fit for your organization.

Planning

Planning is the first step in the agile process. Project leads and experienced software engineers understand that it forms the foundational pillar of the entire project. Gathering inputs from other departments, the planning stage should comprise the following parameters

i) Product Idea ii) Market research and user profiles iii) Competitor analysis iv) Seamless communication between the teams

In the planning stage, the team brainstorms ideas with key stakeholders to identify features and functionalities that are an integral part of project success.

Development

When the project leads and coordinators are satisfied with the data and documents formulated during planning, the project proceeds to the development phase. Apart from planning, development is frequently rushed by the development teams. It is difficult to predict the time period of the project when the key stakeholders urge for faster delivery of the product.

Agile becomes an integral tool in times like this and operates on sprints. The sprints are designed to make software life cycle models as efficient as possible, maintaining the momentum and evading project slowdown.

Testing

The testing stage is performed to check whether the software meets the requirements of the project team. Testing is one of the indispensable stages in agile methodology software and is executed throughout the development stage. As your dev teams continue to develop the software, the testers check whether there is any defect in the program. The goal of testing is to ensure your software is ready to be deployed in the market.

Deployment

In the deployment stage, the product is ready for the market on display to the general public. During this stage, the project team will put the final touches to the product while designing the packaging, documenting the instructions, and providing the user manual.

Maintenance

The maintenance phase makes sure that the software meets the requirements over time. The software team needs to monitor the software for any defects or problems as and when they arise. Maintenance increases the lifespan of the software, making it relevant for the users.

Agile methodology in software engineering is one of the process models that enable software development teams to move their software from conception to retirement. Each Agile phase comprises various phases to replicate the processes to improve the product and build a quality software product.

A study conducted by Digital AI showed that over half of the respondents to a survey (52%) have adopted Agile workflow in their corporation. Another study by DeltaMatrix shows that agile teams have been reported to be 25% more effective and 50% faster in deploying products as compared to teams that are non-agile.

7. Rapid Application Development (RAD)

Rapid Application Development (RAD) model makes use of minimal planning and prioritizes rapid prototyping. This type of process model in software engineering is suitable when the user requirements are well-known. The RAD model is best when there are highly skilled engineers to finish the job and the customer is determined to complete the project in the stipulated time.

Corporations opt for the RAD approach as there is little focus on the planning phase enabling teams to focus on designing and reiterating the features and functionalities. RAD approach is however unfit for mission critical software (implants, plane controls) as they place anyone in harm’s way.

The RAD model is often compared to Agile technology. Agile is much more than a development model, it can be thought of as a philosophy rather than a methodology.

Let’s look at some of the key differences between the two software process models in software engineering.

Agile Technology	Rapid Application Development
Builds a working model of the software as fast as possible.	Begins working on the application by breaking down processes into smaller sprints.
Apt for projects that require the shortest time to finish.	Develops projects in timely milestones or sprints
It addresses risks by inspections.	It manages risks by delivering the working prototypes.
A self-organized team works on the project.	Cross–functional team works on the project.

8. Capability Maturity Model Integration

CMMI in software engineering is designed to optimize performance levels by delivering the key requirements to businesses to develop better products and services. CMMI is known to be a process model as well as a behavioral model. Businesses and corporations can use the CMMI model to solve logistics problems, improve performance by designing good benchmarks, and create a culture of efficient, productive behavior in the corporation.

A corporation is given a maturity level rating or capability level rating. The five CMMI maturity levels are as follows –

Initial – Processes are poorly managed, with unpredictable outcomes being involved. Organisations in this phase are known to have unpredictable environments. Key Process Areas are not defined. The software is of the lowest quality and prone to the highest risk.
Managed – Processes are planned, and projects are implemented according to their documented plans. Processes are defined and reactive. The risk involved is less than the initial stage but is known to exist.
Defined – Well-characterized and well-understood processes that are described using standards and procedures. The primary focus is on process standardization.
Quantitatively Managed – The software teams use quantitative data in implementing predictable processes for meeting organizational goals. Higher quality is achieved, and the risk factor is lowered.
Optimizing – The organization focuses on continuous development and improvement while it responds to the required changes. Continuous improvement has to be both incremental and innovative.

The Bottom Line

To structurally develop software, it is crucial to follow a well-defined and sought-after software process model that can meet the project development requirements. Also, at the beginning of the project development, it is difficult to work out all the project requisites. Hence, the most popular software process models are the ones that can be used to enhance software efficiency in the long run.

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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. How to enhance software efficiency in the long run?

Planning your development process and using agile methodology can prove to be important to improve efficiency of the software on a long term basis. Creating a productive and effective work atmosphere will tremendously help your whole product and organisation. Choosing to devote a small amount of time each day to improving your efficiency can also help you build your work worth and attitude for your job. Having a staff that is focused, flexible, and on task can aid in the development of new, upcoming, and revolutionary software technologies.

2. What are common issues in the software development process?

Bugs, optimization, new technologies, abstraction, and overlooking are all common issues in software development. Apart from that, integration issues, communication breakdowns, unrealistic or mismanaged timelines, feature overload, lack of alignment between sponsor and user needs, turn out to be major key points to be looked out for when one is in the middle of software development processes. Overlooking any of these may turn out to be an issue for the developers.

3. What points are to be considered when one has to select a software process model for an individual software development project?

When developing software, a prescriptive process model must be followed. When it comes to collaborative projects, however, the stages or works might be split among the participants. However, in individual projects, no work can be shared as a single member, but practical difficulties can be overcome by effectively managing process groups. As a result, rather than group projects, the prescriptive process model should be chosen. When choosing a viewpoint process model, there are a few things to keep in mind. The scope of the project’s validity, the impact of the process, and the level of confidence, all must be considered.

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Mobiles are something that we use every day and are an integral part of our lives. Nowadays each and every person has a mobile phone in their pocket. With the advancements of technologies, one can get a mobile phone no matter how big or small their budget is. In this age of mobile phones, we consider a phone that has no apps in it as useless. We have too many apps these days on our phones. From fine dining to fitness, from shopping to scrabble, we have an app for all our moods. Mobile apps are designed in such a way that they go with our phones configuration well. Android and MAC are the two major interfaces that we have in our mobiles these days. The apps that are being developed are usually compatible with these two major operating systems. Every day more and more apps are being introduced, updated and launched in our play stores or App stores in case of MAC users. These apps are really useful. We no longer need to search the internet for things that we need, it is just a tap away. Check out our free courses to get an edge over the competition Explore Our Software Development Free Courses Fundamentals of Cloud Computing JavaScript Basics from the scratch Data Structures and Algorithms Blockchain Technology React for Beginners Core Java Basics Java Node.js for Beginners Advanced JavaScript What is AngularJs? When Android was yet to be launched in the market, Java was the most commonly used interface in mobiles. Even now when android has taken the center stage, java is not yet abolished. It is still considered one of the most potent and user- interactive interfaces out there. AngularJS is an app that was first launched by Google in the year 2009. This app uses the same JavaScript framework. AngularJS has come a long way and it has made some very impressive adjustments in its user interface. How to Become a Full Stack Developer Explore our Popular Software Engineering Courses Master of Science in Computer Science from LJMU & IIITB Caltech CTME Cybersecurity Certificate Program Full Stack Development Bootcamp PG Program in Blockchain Executive PG Program in Full Stack Development View All our Courses Below Software Engineering Courses AngularJS is basically an app that makes developing apps very easy, it helps in making super-dynamic web pages that are easy to use and easy to work with as well. We need web pages for literally everything. Every business, every start-up, every new idea that is been introduced needs a web page o promote it. Bust web pages are not too easy to work with, there are quite a few factors that need to be kept in mind before making a web page. Java is the most secure and the most optimum user interface when it comes to making web pages. Unlike Android and MAC, it has HTML support that makes the process of a web page making much easier. Check out upGrad’s Java Bootcamp Learn Software Courses online from the World’s top Universities. Earn Executive PG Programs, Advanced Certificate Programs, or Masters Programs to fast-track your career. In-Demand Software Development Skills JavaScript Courses Core Java Courses Data Structures Courses Node.js Courses SQL Courses Full stack development Courses NFT Courses DevOps Courses Big Data Courses React.js Courses Cyber Security Courses Cloud Computing Courses Database Design Courses Python Courses Cryptocurrency Courses Uses of AngularJS AngularJS helps in extending HTML Templates, it also ennobles the users to use an advanced approach towards web page making and web page designing. Java is known for its better stability and security. AngularJS sticks to its own simple functionalities and thus is very easy to use. The modular approach makes coding easy. Also updating, testing and modifying codes for a web page is made easier with AngularJS. One can easily add AngularJS to a web page with the help of simple coding. What Does A Software Developer Do? upGrad’s Exclusive Software Development Webinar for you – SAAS Business – What is So Different? document.createElement('video'); https://cdn.upgrad.com/blog/mausmi-ambastha.mp4 Domains in which you can implement AngularJS To make sure that your web page is gaining popularity, some niches and search engine optimisation tools are to be incorporated in your web page. To make the idea known to all and gain popularity nothing can be better than a well-done web page. When you are using mobile for creating a web page AngularJS is your answer to all your questions. It will even help you develop a web app. Tips for best practices Angularjs Mobile Development app can help you with the following. Video streaming apps: Video streaming apps are really in demand right now. Apps like Netflix, Amazon Prime Videos, and YouTube etc are some of the most prominent examples. User review: Market research is a very important part of developing a web page. First, you need to see what your customers really want when you know what your customers want and need them providing them with the best solutions is better and more money efficient. Travel apps: Travel apps are not very uncommon nowadays. While Android and MAC will make decent apps, the performance of a JavaScript is really difficult to top. AngularJS mobile development can help develop such sophisticated apps. Weather apps: Something that is present by default in a smartphone is a weather app. It is widely used and a JavaScript will be able to develop and manage really impressive weather apps. Social apps: In this age of social media, we can hardly come across a person who does not have a social media account. Apps like Facebook, twitter, etc. all are developed with JavaScript and thus you can too do that with AngularJS. Read our Popular Articles related to Software Development Why Learn to Code? How Learn to Code? How to Install Specific Version of NPM Package? Types of Inheritance in C++ What Should You Know? Check out upGrad’s Full Stack Development Bootcamp (JS/MERN) Everything you need ot know about Mobile App Development When it comes to developing and managing an app there are many ways one can do that. But if you are using your phones to develop a web page then AngularJS should be your best bet. If you’re interested to learn more about full stack software development, check out upGrad & IIIT-B’s Executive PG Programme in Software Development – Specialization in Full Stack Development which is designed for working professionals and offers 500+ hours of rigorous training, 9+ projects and assignments, IIIT-B Alumni status, practical hands-on capstone projects & job assistance with top firms.

by Kavya Gajjar

29 Nov'18

5.34K+

Angular 7.0 – What is New in its new Avatar?

The strength of a building is in its concrete pillars. So is the framework for a web application. A software framework provides a standard way to design, build and deploy applications. In a world of Java platforms, the Javascript framework was the most uttered buzzword until Angular gained importance. Now, let us see some Salient features of Angular. Angular is an Open source Javascript framework which morphed into what is called ‘Typescript’ now. Code generation and development are rapid compared to a (Javascript) JS code. The Command line prompt (CLI) has commands to build application faster. The Code is well organized as it uses components hence improves productivity A directive is a dynamic function that handles variables, if statements, and loops in HTML Angular is cross-platform hence it is independent of the browser and the operating system Angular CLI comes with testing tools that are helpful for unit testing Check out our free courses to get an edge over the competition Learn Software engineering courses online from the World’s top Universities. Earn Executive PG Programs, Advanced Certificate Programs, or Masters Programs to fast-track your career. AngularJS – A precursor to Angular AngularJS was the first product in the Angular series introduced by Google in 2009. It is a client-side or a front-end framework. What this means is that the code runs on the user’s browser and not on the web server. AngularJS was written purely in Javascript. This was developed to decouple the application logic, however, it was the only fairly successful and paved way for Angular with its current avatar 7.0. Is AngularJS Right Choice For Your Next Mobile App Development? Check out upGrad’s Java Bootcamp Explore Our Software Development Free Courses Fundamentals of Cloud Computing JavaScript Basics from the scratch Data Structures and Algorithms Blockchain Technology React for Beginners Core Java Basics Java Node.js for Beginners Advanced JavaScript Angular 7.0 Framework Let us understand briefly the building blocks of Angular: Module: Basically breaks down application’s core screens logically. For example, if there is a shopping cart page, one might want to have a shopping cart module. Component: This is a section of the UI and is a ‘class’ as in object-oriented programming. This is the fundamental building block of the User Interface (UI). The component class contains the core logic for the page. ” upGrad’s Exclusive Software Development Webinar for you – SAAS Business – What is So Different? document.createElement('video'); https://cdn.upgrad.com/blog/mausmi-ambastha.mp4 ” Components are made up of: Template: A template is written in HTML or they can be HTML files. It can have dynamic properties like variables and use of ‘if conditions’ is possible with directives. Class: Is the code for the application. The code is written in Typescript. Typescript is a superset of Javascript. Typescript is a ‘static’ type language where variables are declared with types defined. Hence errors are caught on the compilation of the program rather than being caught at runtime. Angular classes can be written in Javascript too. Components have data properties and methods. Metadata: To identify that the class is an Angular component one uses Metadata. Metadata can be attached to Typescript using a decorator declaration. Let us walk through a simple component in Angular. Import {component} from ‘’@angular/core’’ ; Here the component package is imported from Angular core library. @component ({ (this is a decorator declaration) Selector : ‘myapplication’ …(.this is the custom HTML tag that we use to insert the component. ) Template: ‘<h1> Hello {(name)}</h1> (name is a variable) }) export class AppComponent{ (This is the component class and ‘name’ is a property in the class) name = ‘ Angular framework’; } <body> <myapplication>Loading a sample app component here..</myapplication> </body> Data binding: A process that allows communication between the component and the view. So data is passed from the component to the view and vice-versa. There are four types of data binding. In Interpolation and property binding the data is sent from the component to the view and in event binding, the data is sent to the component from the view or the template. In two-way binding, the data travels both ways. Service: This is a class that is written for reusable code, i.e. code that can be accessed from multiple components. These classes send data and functionality across components. Service classes can also get data from a database or a js/JSON file. When one uses a Service class, the code looks organized and fragmented. Directive: Customizing HTML attributes to extend the power of HTML is a directive. ngIf, ngFor, ngModel are directives. ngModel is responsible for, binding the view into the model, which other directives such as input, textarea or Select require. Here is a piece of code that shows how ngmodel works. <div ng-app=”” ng-init=”firstName=’John'”> <p>Input a name in the input box:</p> <p>Name: <input type=”text” ng-model=”firstName”></p> <p>You wrote: {{ firstName }}</p> </div> Explore our Popular Software Engineering Courses Master of Science in Computer Science from LJMU & IIITB Caltech CTME Cybersecurity Certificate Program Full Stack Development Bootcamp PG Program in Blockchain Executive PG Program in Full Stack Development View All our Courses Below Software Engineering Courses So, firstName was initialized to ‘John’ and when one enters a new value in the text box, firstName will hold the new name entered.Check out upGrad’s Full Stack Development Bootcamp (JS/MERN) Dependency injection (DI): Classes need objects to perform a particular function. Instead of creating the objects each time in the class, the class receives the objects(dependencies) from external sources. In the DI framework following are the steps that need to be followed: Create a Service Class eg. Employeedata Register this service class with the Injector. An Injector is a container that holds all the dependency classes Declare the Employeedata class as a dependency in the class that needs it eg. EmployeeList Class What Does A Software Developer Do? Versions of Angular After AngularJS, Angular 2 was released which was a complete rewrite of AngularJS. Components got added from Angular 2. Angular 2 was not backwards compatible. Angular is made up of a bunch of packages and the Router package in Angular 3 was not in sync. Hence the Angular team moved on to Angular 4 which was released with all corrections and features with backward compatibility to Angular 2. Subsequently Angular 5, Angular 6 was released and the latest version now is Angular 7. What’s new in Angular 7.0? CLI Prompts: A change in the Angular command line prompt is that the CLI prompts the user, to select the features while running the common commands. Features like Angular routing or the format of the style-sheet and many more can be selected by the user. In the previous versions of Angular one had to remember and type the options on the prompt. Application Performance : Common errors: In this version, the angular team analyzed and removed some common mistakes made by the developers like the ‘reflect-metadata’ polyfill was included in production which is actually needed only in development. Bundle-Budgets: To improve the performance of the application, default Bundle Budgets are defined in angular.JSON. The developers will now be warned if the application bundle size exceeds a limit of 5MB and when the initial bundle exceeds 2MB. These values can be modified in the JSON file as needed. Angular Material & the CDK: The Angular component development kit(CDK) was created from the Angular Material(UI for libraries).The two new features added in the CDK are Virtual Scrolling: To load only the visible part on the screen, the <cdk-virtual-scroll-viewport> package provides helpers for directives that react to scroll events. So, it will render only the items that can fit on the screen. When a user scrolls through the list then the DOM will load and unload the elements dynamically based on the display size. Drag and Drop support: The @angular/cdk/drag-drop module helps free drag and drop feature of an element, reordering items in a list, moving items in a list and so on. This is done with the help of cdkDropList and cdkDrag directives. Angular 7.0 has updated its dependencies to support Typescript 3.1, RxJS 6.3 and Node 10. Improved accessibility of Selects: The native ’select’ has some performance, accessibility, and usability advantages hence using a native select element inside a ‘mat-form-field’ is a new feature in Angular 7.0. Angular elements: A small change but new in Angular 7 “Angular Elements now supports content projection using web standards for custom elements.” — This is what Stephen Fluin, Angular says. Working with partners: The Angular team has been working to partner with community projects that have been launched recently one of them is Angular Console. Angular Console is a user interface for Angular CLI. It is good for beginners and experts as it is a lot easier than prompts. There are different UI versions for Windows and Mac OS. In-Demand Software Development Skills JavaScript Courses Core Java Courses Data Structures Courses Node.js Courses SQL Courses Full stack development Courses NFT Courses DevOps Courses Big Data Courses React.js Courses Cyber Security Courses Cloud Computing Courses Database Design Courses Python Courses Cryptocurrency Courses A Beginner’s Guide to MVC Architecture in Java Most of the changes in Angular 7.0 are on performance improvements and bug fixing. Hence, it is the safest version to date and migrating from earlier versions is simple. Ivy is the new upcoming rendering engine that the Angular team is working on. Till then, let us wait and watch. Keep Learning! Read our Popular Articles related to Software Development Why Learn to Code? How Learn to Code? How to Install Specific Version of NPM Package? Types of Inheritance in C++ What Should You Know? If you’re interested to learn more about full stack software development, check out upGrad & IIIT-B’s Executive PG Programme in Software Development – Specialization in Full Stack Development which is designed for working professionals and offers 500+ hours of rigorous training, 9+ projects and assignments, IIIT-B Alumni status, practical hands-on capstone projects & job assistance with top firms.

by Saurabh Hooda

28 Dec'18

35.45K+

IntelliJ IDEA vs. Eclipse: The Holy War!

Batman vs. Superman, Marvel vs. DC, Windows vs. Linux, Java vs. C#, are a few examples of some eternal wars. One such battle is IntelliJ IDEA vs. Eclipse – the selection of the best Integrated Development Environment – affectionately known as the IDE. There are many IDEs in the market today for Java development – the likes of Netbeans, DrJava, and of course Eclipse and IntelliJ IDEA are just to name a few. These IDEs ease the workflow of a developer by providing them with a complete and integrated environment. The support of various plugins coupled with the ability to handle large projects seamlessly makes the IDEs an irreplaceable tool in any developer’s toolkit. Learn Software development courses online from the World’s top Universities. Earn Executive PG Programs, Advanced Certificate Programs, or Masters Programs to fast-track your career. Today we’ll be looking at two such IDEs in depth, and taking them head to head. We’ll look at how Eclipse and IntelliJ IDEA compete against each other in terms of the features they offer. Check out our free courses to get an edge over the competition. Eclipse IDE Eclipse is by far the most commonly used IDE by budding as well as experienced developers. It is supported by a large community of developers, great documentation to get you up and running, and the best part – the support of thousands of plugins to make your experience even better. Eclipse is mainly used for developing web, mobile, desktop, enterprise, or embedded system applications. It can be used open-source under Eclipse public license. Eclipse is written mostly in Java and runs seamlessly on the three major operating systems – Windows, Linux, and Mac OS. Although well known for Java programming, it also supports various other languages including Groovy, Scala, and Python. Check out upGrad’s Advanced Certification in Cloud Computing Eclipse is capable of opening multiple projects in the same window thereby giving you control over dependencies and relations. However, regarding user experience and the ease of code completion and inspection, Eclipse falls short despite having many plugins, especially checkstyle. If you’re a rookie programmer, you’d appreciate an auto-complete feature that can show the list of the most relevant symbols applicable in your context. Eclipse falls short on that. Just for argument’s sake, we can use this point in favour of Eclipse saying it offers a better learning curve, but at the end of the day, it’s really about how easy it is to get your application up and running. Having said that, Eclipse is and will continue to be, widely used all over the globe. Let’s take a look at some of its features that keep it going despite the limitations. A Beginner’s Guide to MVC Architecture in Java Check out upGrad’s Advanced Certification in Blockchain Salient Features of Eclipse Mylyn: Mylyn is a subsystem of eclipse for task management. The advantages of Mylyn are quite well known, but you won’t appreciate them till you use it and see them for yourself. Mylyn helps developers track their tasks in a task list view – without having to open a browser. Mylyn provides an easy way of keeping track of all the files related to your current work. Software Updates: Eclipse provides frequent and regular software updates. The ability to simply update your IDE from the console itself without worrying about dependencies, or unzipping a zipped file makes a developer’s life easier. Everything is managed through this simple dialogue: Enterprise Java Tooling: Eclipse has the best tooling to offer for JEE projects. It offers an outstanding amount of functionalities – from wizards for Web Service creation, XML editing, to excellent JSF and JPA tooling. In essence, it’s a very simple feature but is very useful. The ability to control and deploy the server of your choice is commendable. Also, if your server isn’t on the list, you’ll likely find a plug-in to support your server. Model Driven Development: The Eclipse Modelling Project offers a set of modelling tools for those using EMF or related techniques for modelling. The Ecore Tools that are used to work with the EMF models allow you to create and modify your ecore using a standard tree, or through the visual Ecore diagram editor (see below). 15 Must-Know Spring MVC Interview Questions IntelliJ IDEA IDE IntelliJ IDEA is a fully featured IDE developed by JetBrains. JetBrains is an established company and famous for the Resharper plugin for Visual Studio that is beneficial for C# development. The IntelliJ IDEA comes in two editions – Free community edition and an Ultimate edition. The free community edition of IntelliJ IDEA offers the basic features useful for developing Android and Java applications. Google’s official Android development platform – Android Studio, is also based on IntelliJ IDEA’s free community edition. This IDE supports many languages from Java, Kotlin, Scala, Android, Mercurial, Groovy, Gradle, Git, SVN, SBT, and CVS and also offers basics (yet essential) features like code completion, deep static analysis, intelligent refactorings, debugger, test runner, etc. The Ultimate Edition, on the other hand, has the most advanced set of features for developing web and desktop applications. Some of the additional features of the Ultimate Edition Supports the integration of Spring framework. Supports web app scripting languages like JavaScript, CoffeeScript, TypeScript, and many more. Supports web development framework like Node.js, Angular, and React Java EE support such as JSF, JAX-RS, JPA, CDI, etc Eclipse falls short in providing good assistance for code completion despite supporting many plugins. The default code compilation in IntelliJ is much faster and better, especially if you’re a newbie programmer – IntelliJ can help you improve your code. One of them is Smart Completion which provides you with the list of the most relevant symbols applicable in your current context. This as well as other completions constantly learn from your coding practices and moves your most frequently used packages and classes to the top of the list, so that you can select the right option faster. Another such feature is Chain completion which is even smarter than the Smart Completion. It lists all the applicable symbols by making use of getters or methods which makes it even faster. There are many other out-of-the-box features too which make IntelliJ IDEA a truly intelligent IDE What is Test-driven Development: A Newbie’s Guide Features which make IntelliJ IDEA a truly intelligent Version Control: IntelliJ IDEA offers the developers with a unified interface for most of the version control systems. Git, SVN, Mercurial, CVS, and Perforce are just to name a few. This single interface lets you browse the history of changes, manage branches, and merge conflicts. Build Tools: This IDE supports all the major build tools like Gradle, Maven, Gant, SBT, NPM, Grunt, Gulp, and more. These tools eventually help automate compiling, packaging, running tests, deploying, and other activities. Application Servers: It supports major application servers like TomCat, JBoss, WebSphere, Glassfish, and many more. It allows you to deploy your code onto the application servers and debug the deployed code from the IDE itself. Indexing: IntelliJ indexes the entire project when you first start it up. That way, it doesn’t need to search for files every time you need a resource (unlike Eclipse). This significantly speeds up the search process. Polyglot Support: As we’ve said earlier, IntelliJ IDEA supports many JVM and non-JVM frameworks and languages out of the box. Frameworks and languages like AngularJS, React, JavaScript, TypeScript, Scala, SQL are just a few examples of the wide array of languages supported by IntelliJ IDEA. All these features make IntelliJ IDEA a clear winner when it comes to usability and user experience. However, it falls short on the number of plugins offered. Compared to 1,276 plugins offered by Eclipse, IntelliJ only offers ~700 plugins. But, this shouldn’t be a dealbreaker as IntelliJ offers a lot of new and improved features out of the box, without needing any plugin – unlike Eclipse. How to Become a Full Stack Developer upGrad’s Exclusive Software Development Webinar for you – SAAS Business – What is So Different? document.createElement('video'); https://cdn.upgrad.com/blog/mausmi-ambastha.mp4 In Conclusion… If you’re a beginner in the field of Java development, your choice should be IntelliJ IDEA – thanks to the various beginner-friendly features it has to offer. However, if you’re looking to work on large and complex projects, and have a fair bit of expertise in Java programming, you can opt for Eclipse instead. Like with every other debate, at the end of the day it’s all a matter of preferences, but there’s no way you can ignore IntelliJ IDEA. If you’re interested to learn more about full stack software development, check out upGrad & IIIT-B’s Executive PG Programme in Software Development – Specialization in Full Stack Development which is designed for working professionals and offers 500+ hours of rigorous training, 9+ projects and assignments, IIIT-B Alumni status, practical hands-on capstone projects & job assistance with top firms.

by Arjun Mathur

10 Jun'19

17.76K+

Python Projects for Beginners – List of 7

Learning a new language – whether it is for speaking to humans or to computers – is always a mixture of fun and challenge. Mastery is not an easy road to travel and that is why little wins along the way are so necessary for boosting self-confidence and making you preserve. The same can be achieved through projects that have a specific aim and allow you to put your new-found knowledge into practice. When learning a coding language like Python, these projects become all the more crucial as they help you firm your grip on a vast language that you will keep refining your entire life. So, where do you begin? As a beginner, which projects do you pick up that is not overwhelming but are challenging and rewarding at the same time? Check out our free courses to get an edge over the competition. Learn Software Development online from the World’s top Universities. Earn Executive PG Programs, Advanced Certificate Programs or Masters Programs to fast-track your career. Check out our free technology courses to get an edge over the competition. The answer? Whatever you pick from the list below. What’s the number? Concepts needed: print, while loop, if/else statements, random function, input/ output This is a guessing game that the user plays with the program/computer. The program generates a random number using the random function. The user tries to guess it by inputting a value. The program then indicates whether the guess is right or not. If it is wrong, then the program should tell how off the guess was. If it is right, there should be another positive indicator. You can place a limit on the number of guesses allowed. You will also need functions to compare the inputted number with the guessed number, to compute the difference between the two, and to check whether an actual number was inputted or not. Explore Our Software Development Free Courses Fundamentals of Cloud Computing JavaScript Basics from the scratch Data Structures and Algorithms Blockchain Technology React for Beginners Core Java Basics Java Node.js for Beginners Advanced JavaScript Spin a yarn Concepts needed: strings, concatenation, variables, print. Things get more interesting here since strings are infinitely more complex to play with at the beginning. The program first prompts the user to enter a series of inputs. These can be an adjective, a preposition, a proper noun, etc. Once all the inputs are in place, they are placed in a premade story template using concatenation. In the end, the full story is printed out to read some misintended madness! Check out upGrad’s Java Bootcamp What’s the word? Concepts needed: strings, variables, random function, variables, input/ output Similar to ‘What’s the Number?’, this name focuses on the user having to guess the randomly generated word. You can create a list from which the word would have to be guessed and also set a cap on the number of guesses allowed. After this, you can create the rules yourself! When the user inputs the word, you can indicate whether the alphabet written appears in this particular position or not. You will need a function to check if the user is inputting alphabets or numbers and to display error messages appropriately. Explore our Popular Software Engineering Courses Master of Science in Computer Science from LJMU & IIITB Caltech CTME Cybersecurity Certificate Program Full Stack Development Bootcamp PG Program in Blockchain Executive PG Program in Full Stack Development View All our Courses Below Software Engineering Courses Check out upGrad’s Full Stack Development Bootcamp (JS/MERN) Rock, paper, scissors Concepts needed: random function, print, input/ output, variables If you are tired of having no playmate, then a 5-minute stint of rock, paper, scissors with the computer and designed by you, yourself will improve your mood. We again use the random function here. You make a move first and then the program makes one. To indicate the move, you can either use a single alphabet or input an entire string. A function will have to be set up to check the validity of the move. Using another function, the winner of that round is decided. You can then either give an option of playing again or decide a pre-determined number of moves in advance. A scorekeeping function will also have to be created which will return the winner at the end. Compute, calculate Concepts needed: functions, input/ output, variables, This project involves building a simple calculator that can perform mathematical functions (which you decide). You can start with the basic BODMAS, and then progress to logarithms and exponents. You’ll have to keep tabs on what the user is entering and get the answer to print at the end. Whether the values in the middle of the calculation keep showing up is up to you. upGrad’s Exclusive Software Development Webinar for you – SAAS Business – What is So Different? document.createElement('video'); https://cdn.upgrad.com/blog/mausmi-ambastha.mp4 Leap it! Concepts needed: functions, input/ output, boolean, print In this program, you input a year and check whether it is a leap year or not. For this, you’ll have to create a function that recognizes the pattern of leap years and can try fitting the inputted year into the pattern. In the end, you can print the result using a boolean expression. Find out, Fibonacci! Concepts needed: functions, input/output, boolean, print You input a number and the function created checks whether the number belongs to the Fibonacci sequence or not. The underlying workings are similar to the above ‘Leap it!’ program. One common theme in all the above projects is that they will help you to get your basics right. You will be the developer and the bug fixer. Not to mention, you’ll be closing working with creating and implementing a variety of functions along with working with variables, strings, integers, operators, etc. Just like 2 + 2 is the building block of your mathematics knowledge, so are these concepts, and learning about them in a fun way through building projects will help to understand and retain them more. If you are interested to become a software engineer, check out M.Sc. in Computer Science by upGrad, IIIT Bangalore, and Liverpool John Moores University which is designed for working professionals and provide 30+ projects & assignments, IIIT-B & LJMU Alumni status, 6 unique specializations, more than 500 hours of rigorous training & job placement assistance with top firms. Explore our Popular Software Engineering Courses Master of Science in Computer Science from LJMU & IIITB Caltech CTME Cybersecurity Certificate Program Full Stack Development Bootcamp PG Program in Blockchain Executive PG Program in Full Stack Development View All our Courses Below Software Engineering Courses

by Ashish Korukonda

29 Aug'19