Pattern Program in Python

Pattern programs in Python are a fun and creative way to sharpen your coding skills. From star-filled designs to complex number pyramids, these programs allow you to explore the true power of loops and logical thinking.

But here’s the problem — many aspiring programmers find pattern programming intimidating. Without a clear understanding of rows, columns, and formatting, creating even basic patterns can feel like trying to solve a puzzle without any clues.

The good news is that writing pattern programs doesn’t have to be difficult. By mastering a few fundamental techniques, you can simplify complex patterns into simple, step-by-step tasks using Python’s efficient tools.

In this article, you’ll discover how to create number, star, and alphabet patterns with ease. By following the provided examples and tips, you’ll not only boost your confidence but also gain practical skills to tackle advanced programming challenges!

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Let’s get started!

How to Print Patterns in Python

To print patterns in Python, you can follow a systematic approach that involves understanding how to structure your loops and format the output. Here is a clear, step-by-step explanation of how to print patterns:

Decide on the Number of Rows and Columns

Before you begin coding, decide how many rows and columns your pattern will have. This decision can be based on either user input or predefined values.

For example, if you want to create a pyramid pattern, you should determine the number of rows, as this will define the shape of the pyramid.

To allow for user input, you can use the `input()` function, which enables users to specify how many rows they want.

rows = int(input("Enter the number of rows: "))

Iterating Through Rows and Columns

• Outer Loop for Rows: Use a `for` loop to iterate through each row. The outer loop controls how many times you want to print a new line, which determines the total number of rows.

for i in range(rows):
# Inner loop will go here

• Inner Loop for Columns: Inside the outer loop, add another `for` loop to iterate through the columns. The number of iterations in this loop can depend on the current row number.

for j in range(i + 1): # Example for a right triangle pattern
# Print symbol or number here

Primting Symbols or Number

Using the print() Function: Within the inner loop, use the `print()` function to display symbols (like `*`) or numbers (like `1`, `2`, etc.). You can control whether to print on the same line or move to a new line using the `end` parameter.

print("*", end=' ') # This will print stars on the same line

Example Patterns: For a simple star pattern

for i in range(rows):
    for j in range(i + 1):
        print("*", end=' ')
    print()  # Move to the next line after each row

Formatting Output for Better Readability

• Adding New Lines: After completing each row (i.e., after the inner loop), add a new line using an empty `print()` statement. This ensures that each row appears on a new line.
• Centering Patterns: For patterns like pyramids, you may want to center them by printing spaces before displaying the symbols.

for i in range(rows):
print(' ' * (rows - i - 1), end='')  # Print leading spaces
for j in range(i + 1):
print("*", end=' ')
print()  # Move to next line after each row

Till now, you have a clear idea of how to print patterns in Python. Let’s take an example to compile all the steps.

Example: Pattern Program in Python to Print Pyramid

# Step 1: Decide number of rows based on user input
rows = int(input("Enter the number of rows: "))
# Step 2: Iterate through each row
for i in range(rows):
# Step 3: Print leading spaces for centering the pyramid
print(' ' * (rows - i - 1), end='')
# Step 4: Iterate through columns and print stars
for j in range(i + 1):
print("*", end=' ')
# Step 5: Add a new line after each row is printed
print()

Output

*
* *
* * *
* * * *
* * * * *

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Now, it’s time to check 20+ patterns that we can print through Python programming.

20 Different Pattern Programs in Python

Number Pattern

Square Pattern

# Function to print a square number pattern
def square_pattern(n):
    # Outer loop for rows
    for i in range(1, n + 1):
        # Inner loop for columns
        for j in range(1, n + 1):
            print(j, end=" ")  # Print numbers in a row
        print()  # Move to the next line after each row
# Example: Print a 5x5 square pattern
square_pattern(5)

Output

1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5

Left Triangle Pattern

# Function to print a left triangle number pattern
def left_triangle_pattern(n):
    # Outer loop for rows
    for i in range(1, n + 1):
        # Inner loop for printing numbers
        for j in range(1, i + 1):
            print(j, end=" ")  # Print numbers in each row
        print()  # Move to the next line after each row
# Example: Print a left triangle pattern of height 5
left_triangle_pattern(5)

Output

1
1 2
1 2 3
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4 5

Right Triangle Pattern

# Function to print a right triangle number pattern
def right_triangle_pattern(n):
    # Outer loop for rows
    for i in range(1, n + 1):
        # Inner loop for spaces (to align the triangle to the right)
        for space in range(n - i):
            print(" ", end=" ")
        # Inner loop for printing numbers
        for j in range(1, i + 1):
            print(j, end=" ")  # Print numbers in each row
        print()  # Move to the next line after each row
# Example: Print a right triangle pattern of height 5
right_triangle_pattern(5)

Output

1
1 2
1 2 3
1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4 5

Pyramid Number Pattern

# Function to print a pyramid number pattern
def pyramid_number_pattern(n):
    # Outer loop for rows
    for i in range(1, n + 1):
        # Inner loop for spaces (to center-align the pyramid)
        for space in range(n - i):
            print(" ", end=" ")
        # Inner loop for printing numbers
        for j in range(1, i + 1):
            print(j, end=" ")
        # Inner loop for reverse printing numbers
        for j in range(i - 1, 0, -1):
            print(j, end=" ")
        print()  # Move to the next line after each row
# Function to print a pyramid number pattern
def pyramid_number_pattern(n):
    # Outer loop for rows
    for i in range(1, n + 1):
        # Inner loop for spaces (to center-align the pyramid)
        for space in range(n - i):
            print(" ", end=" ")
        # Inner loop for printing numbers
        for j in range(1, i + 1):
            print(j, end=" ")
        # Inner loop for reverse printing numbers
        for j in range(i - 1, 0, -1):
            print(j, end=" ")
        print()  # Move to the next line after each row
# Example: Print a pyramid number pattern of height 5
pyramid_number_pattern(5)

Output

1
1 2 1
1 2 3 2 1
1 2 3 4 3 2 1
1 2 3 4 5 4 3 2 1

Inverted Number Pattern

# Function to print an inverted number pattern
def inverted_number_pattern(n):
    # Outer loop for rows
    for i in range(n, 0, -1):
        # Inner loop for printing numbers
        for j in range(1, i + 1):
            print(j, end=" ")  # Print numbers in each row
        print()  # Move to the next line after each row
# Example: Print an inverted number pattern of height 5
inverted_number_pattern(5)

Output

1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4
1 2 3
1 2
1

Star Pattern Program in Python

Full Pyramid Number Pattern

# Function to print a full pyramid star pattern
def full_pyramid_star_pattern(n):
    # Outer loop for rows
    for i in range(1, n + 1):
        # Inner loop for spaces (to center-align the pyramid)
        for space in range(n - i):
            print(" ", end=" ")
        # Inner loop for printing stars
        for j in range(2 * i - 1):
            print("*", end=" ")
        print()  # Move to the next line after each row
# Example: Print a full pyramid star pattern of height 5
full_pyramid_star_pattern(5)

Output

*
* * *
* * * * *
* * * * * * *
* * * * * * * * *

Inverted Full Pyramid Pattern

# Function to print an inverted full pyramid star pattern
def inverted_full_pyramid_star_pattern(n):
    # Outer loop for rows (from top to bottom)
    for i in range(n, 0, -1):
        # Inner loop for spaces (to center-align the pyramid)
        for space in range(n - i):
            print(" ", end=" ")
        # Inner loop for printing stars
        for j in range(2 * i - 1):
            print("*", end=" ")
        print()  # Move to the next line after each row
# Example: Print an inverted full pyramid star pattern of height 5
inverted_full_pyramid_star_pattern(5)

Output

* * * * * * * * *
* * * * * * *
* * * * *
* * *
*

Diamond Star Pattern

# Function to print a diamond star pattern
def diamond_star_pattern(n):
    # Upper half of the diamond (including the middle row)
    for i in range(1, n + 1):
        # Inner loop for spaces
        for space in range(n - i):
            print(" ", end=" ")
        # Inner loop for printing stars
        for j in range(2 * i - 1):
            print("*", end=" ")
        print()  # Move to the next line after each row
    # Lower half of the diamond (excluding the middle row)
    for i in range(n - 1, 0, -1):
        # Inner loop for spaces
        for space in range(n - i):
            print(" ", end=" ")
        # Inner loop for printing stars
        for j in range(2 * i - 1):
            print("*", end=" ")
        print()  # Move to the next line after each row
# Example: Print a diamond star pattern of height 5
diamond_star_pattern(5)

Output

*
* * *
* * * * *
* * * * * * *
* * * * * * * * *
* * * * * * *
* * * * *
* * *
*

Right Triangle Star Pattern

# Function to print a right triangle star pattern
def right_triangle_star_pattern(n):
    # Outer loop for rows
    for i in range(1, n + 1):
        # Inner loop for printing stars
        for j in range(1, i + 1):
            print("*", end=" ")
        print()  # Move to the next line after each row
# Example: Print a right triangle star pattern of height 5
right_triangle_star_pattern(5)

Output

*
* *
* * *
* * * *
* * * * *

Hollow Square Star Pattern

# Function to print a hollow square star pattern
def hollow_square_star_pattern(n):
    # Outer loop for rows
    for i in range(1, n + 1):
        # Inner loop for columns
        for j in range(1, n + 1):
            # Print stars for the border cells (first or last row/column)
            if i == 1 or i == n or j == 1 or j == n:
                print("*", end=" ")
            else:
                print(" ", end=" ")  # Print space for inner cells
        print()  # Move to the next line after each row
# Example: Print a hollow square star pattern of size 5
hollow_square_star_pattern(5)

Output

* * * * *
* *
* *
* *
* * * * *

Character Pattern Program in Python

Alphabetical Half Pyramid

# Function to print an alphabetical half pyramid
def alphabetical_half_pyramid(n):
    # Outer loop for rows
    for i in range(1, n + 1):
        # Inner loop for printing letters
        for j in range(i):
            print(chr(65 + j), end=" ")  # chr(65) = 'A', chr(66) = 'B', and so on
        print()  # Move to the next line after each row
# Example: Print an alphabetical half pyramid of height 5
alphabetical_half_pyramid(5)

Output

A
A B
A B C
A B C D
A B C D E

Alphabetical Full Pyramid

# Function to print an alphabetical full pyramid
def alphabetical_full_pyramid(n):
    # Outer loop for rows
    for i in range(1, n + 1):
        # Inner loop for spaces (to center-align the pyramid)
        for space in range(n - i):
            print(" ", end=" ")
        # Inner loop for printing letters
        for j in range(i):
            print(chr(65 + j), end=" ")
        # Inner loop for reverse printing letters
        for j in range(i - 2, -1, -1):
            print(chr(65 + j), end=" ")
        print()  # Move to the next line after each row
# Example: Print an alphabetical full pyramid of height 5
alphabetical_full_pyramid(5)

Output

A
A B A
A B C B A
A B C D C B A
A B C D E D C B A

Reverse Alphabetical Half Pyramid

# Function to print a reverse alphabetical half pyramid
def reverse_alphabetical_half_pyramid(n):
    # Outer loop for rows
    for i in range(n, 0, -1):
        # Inner loop for printing letters
        for j in range(i):
            print(chr(65 + j), end=" ")  # chr(65) = 'A', chr(66) = 'B', and so on
        print()  # Move to the next line after each row
# Example: Print a reverse alphabetical half pyramid of height 5
reverse_alphabetical_half_pyramid(5)

Output

A B C D E
A B C D
A B C
A B
A

Alphabetical Diamond Pattern

# Function to print an alphabetical diamond pattern
def alphabetical_diamond_pattern(n):
    # Upper half of the diamond (including the middle row)
    for i in range(1, n + 1):
        # Inner loop for spaces
        for space in range(n - i):
            print(" ", end=" ")
        # Inner loop for printing letters
        for j in range(i):
            print(chr(65 + j), end=" ")
        # Inner loop for reverse printing letters
        for j in range(i - 2, -1, -1):
            print(chr(65 + j), end=" ")
        print()  # Move to the next line after each row
    # Lower half of the diamond (excluding the middle row)
    for i in range(n - 1, 0, -1):
        # Inner loop for spaces
        for space in range(n - i):
            print(" ", end=" ")
        # Inner loop for printing letters
        for j in range(i):
            print(chr(65 + j), end=" ")
        # Inner loop for reverse printing letters
        for j in range(i - 2, -1, -1):
            print(chr(65 + j), end=" ")
        print()  # Move to the next line after each row
# Example: Print an alphabetical diamond pattern of height 5
alphabetical_diamond_pattern(5)

Output

A
A B A
A B C B A
A B C D C B A
A B C D E D C B A
A B C D C B A
A B C B A
A B A
A

Hollow Alphabet Square Pattern

# Function to print a hollow alphabet square pattern
def hollow_alphabet_square_pattern(n):
    # Outer loop for rows
    for i in range(1, n + 1):
        # Inner loop for columns
        for j in range(1, n + 1):
            # Print letters for the border cells (first or last row/column)
            if i == 1 or i == n or j == 1 or j == n:
                print(chr(64 + j), end=" ")  # chr(64 + j) gives 'A', 'B', etc.
            else:
                print(" ", end=" ")  # Print space for inner cells
        print()  # Move to the next line after each row
# Example: Print a hollow alphabet square pattern of size 5
hollow_alphabet_square_pattern(5)

Output

A B C D E
A E
A E
A E
A B C D E

Advanced Pattern Program in Python

Pascal’s Triangle

# Function to print Pascal's Triangle
def pascals_triangle(n):
    # Loop to iterate over rows
    for i in range(n):
        # Print spaces to center-align the triangle
        print(" " * (n - i), end="")
        # Initialize the first value of each row
        num = 1
        # Loop to calculate and print each value in the row
        for j in range(i + 1):
            print(num, end=" ")
            num = num * (i - j) // (j + 1)  # Calculate the next value
        print()  # Move to the next row
# Example: Print Pascal's Triangle of height 5
pascals_triangle(5)

Output

1
1 1
1 2 1
1 3 3 1
1 4 6 4 1

Spiral Number Pattern

# Function to print a spiral number pattern
def spiral_number_pattern(n):
    # Initialize a 2D array with zeroes
    spiral = [[0] * n for _ in range(n)]
    # Initialize variables for directions and boundaries
    top, bottom, left, right = 0, n - 1, 0, n - 1
    num = 1
    # Fill the array in a spiral order
    while top <= bottom and left <= right:
        # Fill the top row
        for i in range(left, right + 1):
            spiral[top][i] = num
            num += 1
        top += 1
        # Fill the right column
        for i in range(top, bottom + 1):
            spiral[i][right] = num
            num += 1
        right -= 1
        # Fill the bottom row
        for i in range(right, left - 1, -1):
            spiral[bottom][i] = num
            num += 1
        bottom -= 1
        # Fill the left column
        for i in range(bottom, top - 1, -1):
            spiral[i][left] = num
            num += 1
        left += 1
    # Print the spiral matrix
    for row in spiral:
        print(" ".join(f"{x:2}" for x in row))
# Example: Print a spiral number pattern of size 5
spiral_number_pattern(5)

Output

1 2 3 4 5
16 17 18 19 6
15 24 25 20 7
14 23 22 21 8
13 12 11 10 9

Hourglass Number Pattern

# Function to print an hourglass number pattern
def hourglass_number_pattern(n):
    # Upper half of the hourglass
    for i in range(n, 0, -1):
        # Print leading spaces
        print(" " * (n - i), end="")
        # Print numbers in decreasing order
        for j in range(1, 2 * i):
            print(j, end="")
        print()  # Move to the next line
    # Lower half of the hourglass
    for i in range(2, n + 1):
        # Print leading spaces
        print(" " * (n - i), end="")
        # Print numbers in decreasing order
        for j in range(1, 2 * i):
            print(j, end="")
        print()  # Move to the next line
# Example: Print an hourglass number pattern of height 5
hourglass_number_pattern(5)

Output

123456789
1234567
12345
123
1
123
12345
1234567
123456789

Multiplication Table Pattern

# Function to print a multiplication table pattern
def multiplication_table_pattern(n):
    # Outer loop for rows
    for i in range(1, n + 1):
        # Inner loop for columns
        for j in range(1, n + 1):
            print(f"{i * j:3}", end=" ")  # Print the product with formatting
        print()  # Move to the next line
# Example: Print a multiplication table of size 5
multiplication_table_pattern(5)

Output

1 2 3 4 5
2 4 6 8 10
3 6 9 12 15
4 8 12 16 20
5 10 15 20 25

Hollow Diamond Star Pattern

# Function to print a hollow diamond star pattern
def hollow_diamond_star_pattern(n):
    # Upper half of the diamond (including the middle row)
    for i in range(1, n + 1):
        # Print leading spaces
        print(" " * (n - i), end="")
        # Print stars with spaces in between
        for j in range(1, 2 * i):
            if j == 1 or j == 2 * i - 1:
                print("*", end="")
            else:
                print(" ", end="")
        print()  # Move to the next line
    # Lower half of the diamond
    for i in range(n - 1, 0, -1):
        # Print leading spaces
        print(" " * (n - i), end="")
        # Print stars with spaces in between
        for j in range(1, 2 * i):
            if j == 1 or j == 2 * i - 1:
                print("*", end="")
            else:
                print(" ", end="")
        print()  # Move to the next line
# Example: Print a hollow diamond star pattern of height 5
hollow_diamond_star_pattern(5)

Output

*
* *
* *
* *
* *
* *
* *
* *
*

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FAQ’s

What are pattern programs in Python?

Pattern programs involve using loops to display various shapes or patterns, such as stars, numbers, or alphabets, in a structured format.

How do you create a pattern in Python?

Patterns are typically created using nested loops. The outer loop manages the number of rows, while the inner loop controls the content of each row.

What are some common types of pattern programs in Python?

Common patterns include pyramids, inverted pyramids, right-angled triangles, diamonds, and hourglass shapes, using characters like stars (*) or numbers.

Can pattern programs be created using while loops instead of for loops?

Yes, while loops can be used to create patterns, though for loops are more common due to their straightforward iteration over a sequence.

Is it possible to create 3D-like patterns in Python?

While Python primarily deals with 2D text-based patterns, advanced manipulation of spacing, symbols, and layering can simulate 3D effects, like a cube or a sphere, using characters.

How to optimize large patterns for better performance in Python?

Using string concatenation techniques and minimizing repetitive operations inside loops can significantly improve the efficiency of pattern generation for large-scale designs.

Can we generate patterns using external libraries like NumPy?

Yes, NumPy arrays can be used to generate grid-based patterns more efficiently, especially for larger patterns, leveraging its array manipulation capabilities.

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