Explore Courses
Liverpool Business SchoolLiverpool Business SchoolMBA by Liverpool Business School
  • 18 Months
Bestseller
Golden Gate UniversityGolden Gate UniversityMBA (Master of Business Administration)
  • 15 Months
Popular
O.P.Jindal Global UniversityO.P.Jindal Global UniversityMaster of Business Administration (MBA)
  • 12 Months
New
Birla Institute of Management Technology Birla Institute of Management Technology Post Graduate Diploma in Management (BIMTECH)
  • 24 Months
Liverpool John Moores UniversityLiverpool John Moores UniversityMS in Data Science
  • 18 Months
Popular
IIIT BangaloreIIIT BangalorePost Graduate Programme in Data Science & AI (Executive)
  • 12 Months
Bestseller
Golden Gate UniversityGolden Gate UniversityDBA in Emerging Technologies with concentration in Generative AI
  • 3 Years
upGradupGradData Science Bootcamp with AI
  • 6 Months
New
University of MarylandIIIT BangalorePost Graduate Certificate in Data Science & AI (Executive)
  • 8-8.5 Months
upGradupGradData Science Bootcamp with AI
  • 6 months
Popular
upGrad KnowledgeHutupGrad KnowledgeHutData Engineer Bootcamp
  • Self-Paced
upGradupGradCertificate Course in Business Analytics & Consulting in association with PwC India
  • 06 Months
OP Jindal Global UniversityOP Jindal Global UniversityMaster of Design in User Experience Design
  • 12 Months
Popular
WoolfWoolfMaster of Science in Computer Science
  • 18 Months
New
Jindal Global UniversityJindal Global UniversityMaster of Design in User Experience
  • 12 Months
New
Rushford, GenevaRushford Business SchoolDBA Doctorate in Technology (Computer Science)
  • 36 Months
IIIT BangaloreIIIT BangaloreCloud Computing and DevOps Program (Executive)
  • 8 Months
New
upGrad KnowledgeHutupGrad KnowledgeHutAWS Solutions Architect Certification
  • 32 Hours
upGradupGradFull Stack Software Development Bootcamp
  • 6 Months
Popular
upGradupGradUI/UX Bootcamp
  • 3 Months
upGradupGradCloud Computing Bootcamp
  • 7.5 Months
Golden Gate University Golden Gate University Doctor of Business Administration in Digital Leadership
  • 36 Months
New
Jindal Global UniversityJindal Global UniversityMaster of Design in User Experience
  • 12 Months
New
Golden Gate University Golden Gate University Doctor of Business Administration (DBA)
  • 36 Months
Bestseller
Ecole Supérieure de Gestion et Commerce International ParisEcole Supérieure de Gestion et Commerce International ParisDoctorate of Business Administration (DBA)
  • 36 Months
Rushford, GenevaRushford Business SchoolDoctorate of Business Administration (DBA)
  • 36 Months
KnowledgeHut upGradKnowledgeHut upGradSAFe® 6.0 Certified ScrumMaster (SSM) Training
  • Self-Paced
KnowledgeHut upGradKnowledgeHut upGradPMP® certification
  • Self-Paced
IIM KozhikodeIIM KozhikodeProfessional Certification in HR Management and Analytics
  • 6 Months
Bestseller
Duke CEDuke CEPost Graduate Certificate in Product Management
  • 4-8 Months
Bestseller
upGrad KnowledgeHutupGrad KnowledgeHutLeading SAFe® 6.0 Certification
  • 16 Hours
Popular
upGrad KnowledgeHutupGrad KnowledgeHutCertified ScrumMaster®(CSM) Training
  • 16 Hours
Bestseller
PwCupGrad CampusCertification Program in Financial Modelling & Analysis in association with PwC India
  • 4 Months
upGrad KnowledgeHutupGrad KnowledgeHutSAFe® 6.0 POPM Certification
  • 16 Hours
O.P.Jindal Global UniversityO.P.Jindal Global UniversityMaster of Science in Artificial Intelligence and Data Science
  • 12 Months
Bestseller
Liverpool John Moores University Liverpool John Moores University MS in Machine Learning & AI
  • 18 Months
Popular
Golden Gate UniversityGolden Gate UniversityDBA in Emerging Technologies with concentration in Generative AI
  • 3 Years
IIIT BangaloreIIIT BangaloreExecutive Post Graduate Programme in Machine Learning & AI
  • 13 Months
Bestseller
IIITBIIITBExecutive Program in Generative AI for Leaders
  • 4 Months
upGradupGradAdvanced Certificate Program in GenerativeAI
  • 4 Months
New
IIIT BangaloreIIIT BangalorePost Graduate Certificate in Machine Learning & Deep Learning (Executive)
  • 8 Months
Bestseller
Jindal Global UniversityJindal Global UniversityMaster of Design in User Experience
  • 12 Months
New
Liverpool Business SchoolLiverpool Business SchoolMBA with Marketing Concentration
  • 18 Months
Bestseller
Golden Gate UniversityGolden Gate UniversityMBA with Marketing Concentration
  • 15 Months
Popular
MICAMICAAdvanced Certificate in Digital Marketing and Communication
  • 6 Months
Bestseller
MICAMICAAdvanced Certificate in Brand Communication Management
  • 5 Months
Popular
upGradupGradDigital Marketing Accelerator Program
  • 05 Months
Jindal Global Law SchoolJindal Global Law SchoolLL.M. in Corporate & Financial Law
  • 12 Months
Bestseller
Jindal Global Law SchoolJindal Global Law SchoolLL.M. in AI and Emerging Technologies (Blended Learning Program)
  • 12 Months
Jindal Global Law SchoolJindal Global Law SchoolLL.M. in Intellectual Property & Technology Law
  • 12 Months
Jindal Global Law SchoolJindal Global Law SchoolLL.M. in Dispute Resolution
  • 12 Months
upGradupGradContract Law Certificate Program
  • Self paced
New
ESGCI, ParisESGCI, ParisDoctorate of Business Administration (DBA) from ESGCI, Paris
  • 36 Months
Golden Gate University Golden Gate University Doctor of Business Administration From Golden Gate University, San Francisco
  • 36 Months
Rushford Business SchoolRushford Business SchoolDoctor of Business Administration from Rushford Business School, Switzerland)
  • 36 Months
Edgewood CollegeEdgewood CollegeDoctorate of Business Administration from Edgewood College
  • 24 Months
Golden Gate UniversityGolden Gate UniversityDBA in Emerging Technologies with Concentration in Generative AI
  • 36 Months
Golden Gate University Golden Gate University DBA in Digital Leadership from Golden Gate University, San Francisco
  • 36 Months
Liverpool Business SchoolLiverpool Business SchoolMBA by Liverpool Business School
  • 18 Months
Bestseller
Golden Gate UniversityGolden Gate UniversityMBA (Master of Business Administration)
  • 15 Months
Popular
O.P.Jindal Global UniversityO.P.Jindal Global UniversityMaster of Business Administration (MBA)
  • 12 Months
New
Deakin Business School and Institute of Management Technology, GhaziabadDeakin Business School and IMT, GhaziabadMBA (Master of Business Administration)
  • 12 Months
Liverpool John Moores UniversityLiverpool John Moores UniversityMS in Data Science
  • 18 Months
Bestseller
O.P.Jindal Global UniversityO.P.Jindal Global UniversityMaster of Science in Artificial Intelligence and Data Science
  • 12 Months
Bestseller
IIIT BangaloreIIIT BangalorePost Graduate Programme in Data Science (Executive)
  • 12 Months
Bestseller
O.P.Jindal Global UniversityO.P.Jindal Global UniversityO.P.Jindal Global University
  • 12 Months
WoolfWoolfMaster of Science in Computer Science
  • 18 Months
New
Liverpool John Moores University Liverpool John Moores University MS in Machine Learning & AI
  • 18 Months
Popular
Golden Gate UniversityGolden Gate UniversityDBA in Emerging Technologies with concentration in Generative AI
  • 3 Years
Rushford, GenevaRushford Business SchoolDoctorate of Business Administration (AI/ML)
  • 36 Months
Ecole Supérieure de Gestion et Commerce International ParisEcole Supérieure de Gestion et Commerce International ParisDBA Specialisation in AI & ML
  • 36 Months
Golden Gate University Golden Gate University Doctor of Business Administration (DBA)
  • 36 Months
Bestseller
Ecole Supérieure de Gestion et Commerce International ParisEcole Supérieure de Gestion et Commerce International ParisDoctorate of Business Administration (DBA)
  • 36 Months
Rushford, GenevaRushford Business SchoolDoctorate of Business Administration (DBA)
  • 36 Months
Liverpool Business SchoolLiverpool Business SchoolMBA with Marketing Concentration
  • 18 Months
Bestseller
Golden Gate UniversityGolden Gate UniversityMBA with Marketing Concentration
  • 15 Months
Popular
Jindal Global Law SchoolJindal Global Law SchoolLL.M. in Corporate & Financial Law
  • 12 Months
Bestseller
Jindal Global Law SchoolJindal Global Law SchoolLL.M. in Intellectual Property & Technology Law
  • 12 Months
Jindal Global Law SchoolJindal Global Law SchoolLL.M. in Dispute Resolution
  • 12 Months
IIITBIIITBExecutive Program in Generative AI for Leaders
  • 4 Months
New
IIIT BangaloreIIIT BangaloreExecutive Post Graduate Programme in Machine Learning & AI
  • 13 Months
Bestseller
upGradupGradData Science Bootcamp with AI
  • 6 Months
New
upGradupGradAdvanced Certificate Program in GenerativeAI
  • 4 Months
New
KnowledgeHut upGradKnowledgeHut upGradSAFe® 6.0 Certified ScrumMaster (SSM) Training
  • Self-Paced
upGrad KnowledgeHutupGrad KnowledgeHutCertified ScrumMaster®(CSM) Training
  • 16 Hours
upGrad KnowledgeHutupGrad KnowledgeHutLeading SAFe® 6.0 Certification
  • 16 Hours
KnowledgeHut upGradKnowledgeHut upGradPMP® certification
  • Self-Paced
upGrad KnowledgeHutupGrad KnowledgeHutAWS Solutions Architect Certification
  • 32 Hours
upGrad KnowledgeHutupGrad KnowledgeHutAzure Administrator Certification (AZ-104)
  • 24 Hours
KnowledgeHut upGradKnowledgeHut upGradAWS Cloud Practioner Essentials Certification
  • 1 Week
KnowledgeHut upGradKnowledgeHut upGradAzure Data Engineering Training (DP-203)
  • 1 Week
MICAMICAAdvanced Certificate in Digital Marketing and Communication
  • 6 Months
Bestseller
MICAMICAAdvanced Certificate in Brand Communication Management
  • 5 Months
Popular
IIM KozhikodeIIM KozhikodeProfessional Certification in HR Management and Analytics
  • 6 Months
Bestseller
Duke CEDuke CEPost Graduate Certificate in Product Management
  • 4-8 Months
Bestseller
Loyola Institute of Business Administration (LIBA)Loyola Institute of Business Administration (LIBA)Executive PG Programme in Human Resource Management
  • 11 Months
Popular
Goa Institute of ManagementGoa Institute of ManagementExecutive PG Program in Healthcare Management
  • 11 Months
IMT GhaziabadIMT GhaziabadAdvanced General Management Program
  • 11 Months
Golden Gate UniversityGolden Gate UniversityProfessional Certificate in Global Business Management
  • 6-8 Months
upGradupGradContract Law Certificate Program
  • Self paced
New
IU, GermanyIU, GermanyMaster of Business Administration (90 ECTS)
  • 18 Months
Bestseller
IU, GermanyIU, GermanyMaster in International Management (120 ECTS)
  • 24 Months
Popular
IU, GermanyIU, GermanyB.Sc. Computer Science (180 ECTS)
  • 36 Months
Clark UniversityClark UniversityMaster of Business Administration
  • 23 Months
New
Golden Gate UniversityGolden Gate UniversityMaster of Business Administration
  • 20 Months
Clark University, USClark University, USMS in Project Management
  • 20 Months
New
Edgewood CollegeEdgewood CollegeMaster of Business Administration
  • 23 Months
The American Business SchoolThe American Business SchoolMBA with specialization
  • 23 Months
New
Aivancity ParisAivancity ParisMSc Artificial Intelligence Engineering
  • 24 Months
Aivancity ParisAivancity ParisMSc Data Engineering
  • 24 Months
The American Business SchoolThe American Business SchoolMBA with specialization
  • 23 Months
New
Aivancity ParisAivancity ParisMSc Artificial Intelligence Engineering
  • 24 Months
Aivancity ParisAivancity ParisMSc Data Engineering
  • 24 Months
upGradupGradData Science Bootcamp with AI
  • 6 Months
Popular
upGrad KnowledgeHutupGrad KnowledgeHutData Engineer Bootcamp
  • Self-Paced
upGradupGradFull Stack Software Development Bootcamp
  • 6 Months
Bestseller
upGradupGradUI/UX Bootcamp
  • 3 Months
upGradupGradCloud Computing Bootcamp
  • 7.5 Months
PwCupGrad CampusCertification Program in Financial Modelling & Analysis in association with PwC India
  • 5 Months
upGrad KnowledgeHutupGrad KnowledgeHutSAFe® 6.0 POPM Certification
  • 16 Hours
upGradupGradDigital Marketing Accelerator Program
  • 05 Months
upGradupGradAdvanced Certificate Program in GenerativeAI
  • 4 Months
New
upGradupGradData Science Bootcamp with AI
  • 6 Months
Popular
upGradupGradFull Stack Software Development Bootcamp
  • 6 Months
Bestseller
upGradupGradUI/UX Bootcamp
  • 3 Months
PwCupGrad CampusCertification Program in Financial Modelling & Analysis in association with PwC India
  • 4 Months
upGradupGradCertificate Course in Business Analytics & Consulting in association with PwC India
  • 06 Months
upGradupGradDigital Marketing Accelerator Program
  • 05 Months

What Is a Product Designer? Job Overview and Salary Details

Updated on 21 December, 2024

2.3K+ views
8 min read

Did you know that the apps, websites, and gadgets you love are shaped by product designers? These professionals make apps like Instagram, gadgets like your Fitbit, or even packaging for products like Apple’s AirPods easy to use.

What is a product designer?

A product designer is someone who creates and improves products. They think about how a product works and looks. Their focus is to make it useful and easy to understand.

Here’s what product designers do:

  • Design user-friendly products: Think about how tools like Google Maps look and feel.
  • Conduct research: Understand what users need and where they face challenges, like improving the Swiggy app interface.
  • Create prototypes: Test early versions of ideas, like a new layout for Flipkart’s shopping app.
  • Collaborate with developers: Work closely with teams to bring designs to life, as seen in Xiaomi’s gadgets.

Their work helps people in industries like technology, healthcare, and e-commerce. A product designer also designs physical items, like Samsung’s smartwatches or even Nike’s packaging.

What Are a Product Designer's Responsibilities?

A product designer has many responsibilities that help create products people love. Their job involves creativity, problem-solving, and teamwork. Here’s what they do:

Responsibility

What It Means

User Research

Study users’ needs through surveys, interviews, and testing.

Prototyping

Build early versions of products to test ideas and get feedback.

Designing User Interfaces (UI)

Focus on how a product looks, including layouts, colors, and fonts.

Improving User Experiences (UX)

Make the product easy and enjoyable to use.

Collaborating with Teams

Work with developers, marketers, and project managers to turn designs into reality.

Iterative Design

Refine and update designs based on user feedback and test results.

Solving Problems

Find creative solutions to improve the functionality of a product.

Staying Updated on Trends

Keep learning about new design tools, technologies, and industry practices.

Testing Products

Test how well the product works and fix any issues before launching.

Documenting Work

Create detailed design guidelines to help teams implement the design correctly.

Essential Skills for a Product Designer

To be a great product designer, you need a mix of technical skills and personal qualities. Here’s a simple breakdown:

Hard Skills

These are technical skills you need for the job:

  • UX/UI Design: Creating designs that look good and are easy to use.
  • Prototyping and Wireframing: Building rough models to test ideas and layouts.
  • Design Systems: Using tools and frameworks to keep designs consistent.
  • Basic Coding: Knowing some HTMLCSS, or JavaScript can help when working with developers.
  • Software Expertise: Familiarity with tools like Figma, Sketch, or Adobe XD.

Soft Skills

These are soft skills that make you good at your job:

  • Creativity: Coming up with fresh ideas to solve problems.
  • Collaboration: Working well with other team members.
  • Time Management: Meeting deadlines and managing multiple projects.
  • Attention to Detail: Spotting small issues to make the design flawless.
  • Empathy: Understanding what users need and designing for them.

What Is a Product Designer's Salary?

Product designers earn competitive salaries based on their experience, location, and the industry they work in. Companies value their ability to create user-friendly designs, making this a rewarding career choice.

Here’s a breakdown of salary ranges:

Experience Level

Salary Range (Annual)

Influencing Factors

Entry-Level (0-2 years)

₹4,00,000 - ₹8,00,000

Basic design skills, small startups, or freelance work.

Mid-Level (3-5 years)

₹8,00,000 - ₹15,00,000

Advanced UX/UI design skills, larger companies, team experience.

Senior-Level (6+ years)

₹15,00,000 - ₹30,00,000+

Expertise in prototyping, leadership roles, and top industries.

Source: Glassdoor

Location Matters

  • High-Paying Cities: Bengaluru, Hyderabad, Mumbai, and Pune.
  • Smaller Cities: Lower salary ranges but more entry-level opportunities.

Industry Variations

  • Tech Companies (e.g., Google, Microsoft): Offer the highest salaries.
  • E-commerce (e.g., Flipkart, Amazon): Competitive pay with opportunities to design customer-centric platforms.
  • Startups: May offer lower pay initially but include benefits like stock options or flexible work.

Skill Boost

  • Specialized skills like coding, advanced prototyping, or knowledge of tools like Figma and Sketch can increase your earning potential.

Career Growth Opportunities for Product Designers

Did you know the demand for product designers has grown by over 20% annually in industries like tech, e-commerce, and healthcare? With experience, you can move into leadership roles, explore new industries, or even work independently.

Here are some exciting career paths for product designers:

1. Senior Product Designer

  • This is the next step after gaining a few years of experience.
  • Senior designers handle more complex projects and mentor junior team members.
  • Example: A senior product designer at Flipkart may lead the redesign of their mobile app interface.
  • Average Salary in India: ₹12-18 LPA

2. UX Strategist

  • Focuses on creating long-term design strategies to improve user experiences.
  • Works closely with business teams to align designs with company goals.
  • Example: At Zomato, a UX strategist might plan how to make food ordering faster and easier for users.
  • Average Salary in India: ₹10-16 LPA

3. Design Manager

  • Leads a team of designers and ensures projects are completed successfully.
  • Involves project planning, team management, and quality control.
  • Example: A design manager at Microsoft might oversee the design of new features for Office 365.
  • Average Salary in India: ₹15-25 LPA

4. Freelance Product Designer

  • Work independently and take on projects from multiple clients.
  • Offers flexibility and the chance to work on a variety of products.
  • Example: A freelance designer could work on a website for a local business and a mobile app for a startup simultaneously.
  • Average Salary in India: ₹8-15 LPA (project-based, varies based on workload).

5. Head of Design

  • Leads the entire design department in a company.
  • Sets design standards, manages teams, and influences company decisions.
  • Example: A Head of Design at Apple might oversee the design of both hardware (like iPhones) and software (like iOS).
  • Average Salary in India: ₹25-50 LPA

6. Design Consultant

  • Advises companies on how to improve their design processes and products.
  • Often works with multiple industries to bring fresh ideas and solutions.
  • Example: A design consultant might help a healthcare company improve their patient portals.
  • Average Salary in India: ₹12-20 LPA

7. Creative Director

  • Focuses on the creative vision of products and branding.
  • Combines product design with marketing and storytelling.
  • Example: A creative director at Nike might design how products are presented online and in stores.
  • Average Salary in India: ₹18-30 LPA

8. Product Manager

  • Shifts into managing the entire product lifecycle, from design to launch.
  • Uses design knowledge to collaborate with engineers and marketing teams.
  • Example: A product manager at Swiggy could oversee the development of a new in-app feature.
  • Average Salary in India: ₹15-28 LPA

Industries Hiring Product Designers

Product designers are in high demand across multiple industries as companies focus on creating better user experiences. 

  • Tech and Software Development:
    Companies like Google, Microsoft, and Adobe need designers to create innovative apps, software, and tools.
  • E-commerce:
    Businesses such as Amazon, Flipkart, and Myntra hire designers to create user-friendly shopping platforms and mobile apps.
  • Healthcare:
    Hospitals and health-tech companies like Practo and Medibuddy rely on designers to create patient-friendly apps and healthcare tools.
  • Gaming:
    Gaming companies like Ubisoft and EA Sports hire designers to enhance gameplay visuals and interfaces.
  • Consumer Goods:
    Companies like Nestlé and Unilever need designers to create appealing product packaging and branding.

How to Become a Product Designer

If you want to become a product designer, here’s a simple step-by-step guide:

1. Earn a Relevant Degree or Certification

  • Start with a degree in design, user experience, or a related field.
  • Enroll in certification programs from portals like upGrad.

2. Master Design Tools

  • Learn tools like Figma, Adobe XD, and Sketch.
  • Understand prototyping tools like InVision and Marvel.

3. Build a Portfolio

  • Create a collection of your best design work.
  • Include user interface designs, prototypes, and problem-solving projects.

4. Gain Practical Experience

  • Work on internships or freelance projects.
  • Collaborate with developers to understand the design-to-development process.

5. Stay Updated with Trends

  • Follow design blogs and communities like Behance or Dribbble.
  • Learn new tools and techniques to stay competitive in the field.

How upGrad Can Help You Build a Career in Product Design

upGrad offers specialized programs in UI/UX design and product design, tailored to meet industry needs. 

Whether you’re starting your journey or looking to upskill, upGrad’s courses are designed to help you succeed in the competitive field of product design.

Explore upGrad’s programs today and kickstart your career in product design!

Discover top management skills to learn and elevate your expertise. Explore the curated programs below to find the perfect fit for your goals.

Browse our Popular Management Courses and select the ideal program to boost your expertise.

Source:
https://www.ibef.org/industry/ecommerce
https://www.glassdoor.co.in/Salaries/product-designer-salary-SRCH_KO0,16.htm
https://www.glassdoor.co.in/Salaries/senior-product-designer-salary-SRCH_KO0,23.htm
https://www.glassdoor.co.in/Salaries/user-experience-strategist-salary-SRCH_KO0,26.htm
https://www.glassdoor.co.in/Salaries/design-manager-salary-SRCH_KO0,14.htm
https://www.glassdoor.co.in/Salaries/freelance-product-designer-salary-SRCH_KO0,26.htm
 

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. What is the difference between a product designer and a UX designer?

A product designer focuses on the entire product journey, including visuals, functionality, and user needs. A UX designer mainly works on the user experience, ensuring the product is easy and enjoyable to use.

2. Do you need a degree to become a product designer?

Not necessarily. While a degree can help, many product designers succeed with the right skills, a strong portfolio, and certifications in design tools or UX principles.

3. What is the most popular software for product designers?

Some of the most widely used tools are:

  • Figma
  • Sketch
  • Adobe XD
  • InVision

4. How do product designers collaborate with developers?

Product designers work with developers by:

  • Sharing design files and prototypes.
  • Communicating design ideas clearly.
  • Using tools like Figma and Zeplin to bridge the gap between design and code.

5. What industries have the highest demand for product designers?

Industries with high demand include:

  • Technology and software.
  • E-commerce.
  • Fintech.
  • Healthcare.

6. Can a graphic designer transition into product design?

Yes! Graphic designers already have strong visual skills. To transition, learn UX/UI principles, practice with design tools like Figma, and create a portfolio with product design projects.

7. What is the future of product design in 2025?

Product design will continue to grow, especially in fields like AI-driven interfaces, voice design, and augmented reality. Designers who adapt to these trends will have an edge.

8. How do I build a strong product design portfolio?

  • Include 4-6 of your best projects.
  • Show the process behind your designs, not just the final result.
  • Highlight problem-solving and user research.
  • Use tools like Behance or a personal website to showcase your work.

9. What challenges do product designers face?

Some common challenges include:

  • Balancing user needs with business goals.
  • Keeping up with new tools and trends.
  • Communicating design ideas to stakeholders.

10. Are certifications enough to get a job in product design?

Certifications help, but they’re not enough on their own. Employers look for hands-on experience and a strong portfolio. Certifications can complement your practical skills.

11. What networking strategies can help product designers grow in their field?

  • Attend design meetups and webinars.
  • Join online communities like LinkedIn groups or design forums.
  • Participate in hackathons or design challenges.
  • Reach out to experienced designers for mentorship.

If you’re passionate about product design, start small, keep learning, and stay connected with others in the field. Opportunities are everywhere!

RELATED PROGRAMS