- Blog Categories
- Software Development
- Data Science
- AI/ML
- Marketing
- General
- MBA
- Management
- Legal
- Software Development Projects and Ideas
- 12 Computer Science Project Ideas
- 28 Beginner Software Projects
- Top 10 Engineering Project Ideas
- Top 10 Easy Final Year Projects
- Top 10 Mini Projects for Engineers
- 25 Best Django Project Ideas
- Top 20 MERN Stack Project Ideas
- Top 12 Real Time Projects
- Top 6 Major CSE Projects
- 12 Robotics Projects for All Levels
- Java Programming Concepts
- Abstract Class in Java and Methods
- Constructor Overloading in Java
- StringBuffer vs StringBuilder
- Java Identifiers: Syntax & Examples
- Types of Variables in Java Explained
- Composition in Java: Examples
- Append in Java: Implementation
- Loose Coupling vs Tight Coupling
- Integrity Constraints in DBMS
- Different Types of Operators Explained
- Career and Interview Preparation in IT
- Top 14 IT Courses for Jobs
- Top 20 Highest Paying Languages
- 23 Top CS Interview Q&A
- Best IT Jobs without Coding
- Software Engineer Salary in India
- 44 Agile Methodology Interview Q&A
- 10 Software Engineering Challenges
- Top 15 Tech's Daily Life Impact
- 10 Best Backends for React
- Cloud Computing Reference Models
- Web Development and Security
- Find Installed NPM Version
- Install Specific NPM Package Version
- Make API Calls in Angular
- Install Bootstrap in Angular
- Use Axios in React: Guide
- StrictMode in React: Usage
- 75 Cyber Security Research Topics
- Top 7 Languages for Ethical Hacking
- Top 20 Docker Commands
- Advantages of OOP
- Data Science Projects and Applications
- 42 Python Project Ideas for Beginners
- 13 Data Science Project Ideas
- 13 Data Structure Project Ideas
- 12 Real-World Python Applications
- Python Banking Project
- Data Science Course Eligibility
- Association Rule Mining Overview
- Cluster Analysis in Data Mining
- Classification in Data Mining
- KDD Process in Data Mining
- Data Structures and Algorithms
- Binary Tree Types Explained
- Binary Search Algorithm
- Sorting in Data Structure
- Binary Tree in Data Structure
- Binary Tree vs Binary Search Tree
- Recursion in Data Structure
- Data Structure Search Methods: Explained
- Binary Tree Interview Q&A
- Linear vs Binary Search
- Priority Queue Overview
- Python Programming and Tools
- Top 30 Python Pattern Programs
- List vs Tuple
- Python Free Online Course
- Method Overriding in Python
- Top 21 Python Developer Skills
- Reverse a Number in Python
- Switch Case Functions in Python
- Info Retrieval System Overview
- Reverse a Number in Python
- Real-World Python Applications
- Data Science Careers and Comparisons
- Data Analyst Salary in India
- Data Scientist Salary in India
- Free Excel Certification Course
- Actuary Salary in India
- Data Analyst Interview Guide
- Pandas Interview Guide
- Tableau Filters Explained
- Data Mining Techniques Overview
- Data Analytics Lifecycle Phases
- Data Science Vs Analytics Comparison
- Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Projects
- Exciting IoT Project Ideas
- 16 Exciting AI Project Ideas
- 45+ Interesting ML Project Ideas
- Exciting Deep Learning Projects
- 12 Intriguing Linear Regression Projects
- 13 Neural Network Projects
- 5 Exciting Image Processing Projects
- Top 8 Thrilling AWS Projects
- 12 Engaging AI Projects in Python
- NLP Projects for Beginners
- Concepts and Algorithms in AIML
- Basic CNN Architecture Explained
- 6 Types of Regression Models
- Data Preprocessing Steps
- Bagging vs Boosting in ML
- Multinomial Naive Bayes Overview
- Gini Index for Decision Trees
- Bayesian Network Example
- Bayes Theorem Guide
- Top 10 Dimensionality Reduction Techniques
- Neural Network Step-by-Step Guide
- Technical Guides and Comparisons
- Make a Chatbot in Python
- Compute Square Roots in Python
- Permutation vs Combination
- Image Segmentation Techniques
- Generative AI vs Traditional AI
- AI vs Human Intelligence
- Random Forest vs Decision Tree
- Neural Network Overview
- Perceptron Learning Algorithm
- Selection Sort Algorithm
- Career and Practical Applications in AIML
- AI Salary in India Overview
- Biological Neural Network Basics
- Top 10 AI Challenges
- Production System in AI
- Top 8 Raspberry Pi Alternatives
- Top 8 Open Source Projects
- 14 Raspberry Pi Project Ideas
- 15 MATLAB Project Ideas
- Top 10 Python NLP Libraries
- Naive Bayes Explained
- Digital Marketing Projects and Strategies
- 10 Best Digital Marketing Projects
- 17 Fun Social Media Projects
- Top 6 SEO Project Ideas
- Digital Marketing Case Studies
- Coca-Cola Marketing Strategy
- Nestle Marketing Strategy Analysis
- Zomato Marketing Strategy
- Monetize Instagram Guide
- Become a Successful Instagram Influencer
- 8 Best Lead Generation Techniques
- Digital Marketing Careers and Salaries
- Digital Marketing Salary in India
- Top 10 Highest Paying Marketing Jobs
- Highest Paying Digital Marketing Jobs
- SEO Salary in India
- Brand Manager Salary in India
- Content Writer Salary Guide
- Digital Marketing Executive Roles
- Career in Digital Marketing Guide
- Future of Digital Marketing
- MBA in Digital Marketing Overview
- Digital Marketing Techniques and Channels
- 9 Types of Digital Marketing Channels
- Top 10 Benefits of Marketing Branding
- 100 Best YouTube Channel Ideas
- YouTube Earnings in India
- 7 Reasons to Study Digital Marketing
- Top 10 Digital Marketing Objectives
- 10 Best Digital Marketing Blogs
- Top 5 Industries Using Digital Marketing
- Growth of Digital Marketing in India
- Top Career Options in Marketing
- Interview Preparation and Skills
- 73 Google Analytics Interview Q&A
- 56 Social Media Marketing Q&A
- 78 Google AdWords Interview Q&A
- Top 133 SEO Interview Q&A
- 27+ Digital Marketing Q&A
- Digital Marketing Free Course
- Top 9 Skills for PPC Analysts
- Movies with Successful Social Media Campaigns
- Marketing Communication Steps
- Top 10 Reasons to Be an Affiliate Marketer
- Career Options and Paths
- Top 25 Highest Paying Jobs India
- Top 25 Highest Paying Jobs World
- Top 10 Highest Paid Commerce Job
- Career Options After 12th Arts
- Top 7 Commerce Courses Without Maths
- Top 7 Career Options After PCB
- Best Career Options for Commerce
- Career Options After 12th CS
- Top 10 Career Options After 10th
- 8 Best Career Options After BA
- Projects and Academic Pursuits
- 17 Exciting Final Year Projects
- Top 12 Commerce Project Topics
- Top 13 BCA Project Ideas
- Career Options After 12th Science
- Top 15 CS Jobs in India
- 12 Best Career Options After M.Com
- 9 Best Career Options After B.Sc
- 7 Best Career Options After BCA
- 22 Best Career Options After MCA
- 16 Top Career Options After CE
- Courses and Certifications
- 10 Best Job-Oriented Courses
- Best Online Computer Courses
- Top 15 Trending Online Courses
- Top 19 High Salary Certificate Courses
- 21 Best Programming Courses for Jobs
- What is SGPA? Convert to CGPA
- GPA to Percentage Calculator
- Highest Salary Engineering Stream
- 15 Top Career Options After Engineering
- 6 Top Career Options After BBA
- Job Market and Interview Preparation
- Why Should You Be Hired: 5 Answers
- Top 10 Future Career Options
- Top 15 Highest Paid IT Jobs India
- 5 Common Guesstimate Interview Q&A
- Average CEO Salary: Top Paid CEOs
- Career Options in Political Science
- Top 15 Highest Paying Non-IT Jobs
- Cover Letter Examples for Jobs
- Top 5 Highest Paying Freelance Jobs
- Top 10 Highest Paying Companies India
- Career Options and Paths After MBA
- 20 Best Careers After B.Com
- Career Options After MBA Marketing
- Top 14 Careers After MBA In HR
- Top 10 Highest Paying HR Jobs India
- How to Become an Investment Banker
- Career Options After MBA - High Paying
- Scope of MBA in Operations Management
- Best MBA for Working Professionals India
- MBA After BA - Is It Right For You?
- Best Online MBA Courses India
- MBA Project Ideas and Topics
- 11 Exciting MBA HR Project Ideas
- Top 15 MBA Project Ideas
- 18 Exciting MBA Marketing Projects
- MBA Project Ideas: Consumer Behavior
- What is Brand Management?
- What is Holistic Marketing?
- What is Green Marketing?
- Intro to Organizational Behavior Model
- Tech Skills Every MBA Should Learn
- Most Demanding Short Term Courses MBA
- MBA Salary, Resume, and Skills
- MBA Salary in India
- HR Salary in India
- Investment Banker Salary India
- MBA Resume Samples
- Sample SOP for MBA
- Sample SOP for Internship
- 7 Ways MBA Helps Your Career
- Must-have Skills in Sales Career
- 8 Skills MBA Helps You Improve
- Top 20+ SAP FICO Interview Q&A
- MBA Specializations and Comparative Guides
- Why MBA After B.Tech? 5 Reasons
- How to Answer 'Why MBA After Engineering?'
- Why MBA in Finance
- MBA After BSc: 10 Reasons
- Which MBA Specialization to choose?
- Top 10 MBA Specializations
- MBA vs Masters: Which to Choose?
- Benefits of MBA After CA
- 5 Steps to Management Consultant
- 37 Must-Read HR Interview Q&A
- Fundamentals and Theories of Management
- What is Management? Objectives & Functions
- Nature and Scope of Management
- Decision Making in Management
- Management Process: Definition & Functions
- Importance of Management
- What are Motivation Theories?
- Tools of Financial Statement Analysis
- Negotiation Skills: Definition & Benefits
- Career Development in HRM
- Top 20 Must-Have HRM Policies
- Project and Supply Chain Management
- Top 20 Project Management Case Studies
- 10 Innovative Supply Chain Projects
- Latest Management Project Topics
- 10 Project Management Project Ideas
- 6 Types of Supply Chain Models
- Top 10 Advantages of SCM
- Top 10 Supply Chain Books
- What is Project Description?
- Top 10 Project Management Companies
- Best Project Management Courses Online
- Salaries and Career Paths in Management
- Project Manager Salary in India
- Average Product Manager Salary India
- Supply Chain Management Salary India
- Salary After BBA in India
- PGDM Salary in India
- Top 7 Career Options in Management
- CSPO Certification Cost
- Why Choose Product Management?
- Product Management in Pharma
- Product Design in Operations Management
- Industry-Specific Management and Case Studies
- Amazon Business Case Study
- Service Delivery Manager Job
- Product Management Examples
- Product Management in Automobiles
- Product Management in Banking
- Sample SOP for Business Management
- Video Game Design Components
- Top 5 Business Courses India
- Free Management Online Course
- SCM Interview Q&A
- Fundamentals and Types of Law
- Acceptance in Contract Law
- Offer in Contract Law
- 9 Types of Evidence
- Types of Law in India
- Introduction to Contract Law
- Negotiable Instrument Act
- Corporate Tax Basics
- Intellectual Property Law
- Workmen Compensation Explained
- Lawyer vs Advocate Difference
- Law Education and Courses
- LLM Subjects & Syllabus
- Corporate Law Subjects
- LLM Course Duration
- Top 10 Online LLM Courses
- Online LLM Degree
- Step-by-Step Guide to Studying Law
- Top 5 Law Books to Read
- Why Legal Studies?
- Pursuing a Career in Law
- How to Become Lawyer in India
- Career Options and Salaries in Law
- Career Options in Law India
- Corporate Lawyer Salary India
- How To Become a Corporate Lawyer
- Career in Law: Starting, Salary
- Career Opportunities: Corporate Law
- Business Lawyer: Role & Salary Info
- Average Lawyer Salary India
- Top Career Options for Lawyers
- Types of Lawyers in India
- Steps to Become SC Lawyer in India
- Tutorials
- Software Tutorials
- C Tutorials
- Recursion in C: Fibonacci Series
- Checking String Palindromes in C
- Prime Number Program in C
- Implementing Square Root in C
- Matrix Multiplication in C
- Understanding Double Data Type
- Factorial of a Number in C
- Structure of a C Program
- Building a Calculator Program in C
- Compiling C Programs on Linux
- Java Tutorials
- Handling String Input in Java
- Determining Even and Odd Numbers
- Prime Number Checker
- Sorting a String
- User-Defined Exceptions
- Understanding the Thread Life Cycle
- Swapping Two Numbers
- Using Final Classes
- Area of a Triangle
- Skills
- Explore Skills
- Management Skills
- Software Engineering
- JavaScript
- Data Structure
- React.js
- Core Java
- Node.js
- Blockchain
- SQL
- Full stack development
- Devops
- NFT
- BigData
- Cyber Security
- Cloud Computing
- Database Design with MySQL
- Cryptocurrency
- Python
- Digital Marketings
- Advertising
- Influencer Marketing
- Search Engine Optimization
- Performance Marketing
- Search Engine Marketing
- Email Marketing
- Content Marketing
- Social Media Marketing
- Display Advertising
- Marketing Analytics
- Web Analytics
- Affiliate Marketing
- MBA
- MBA in Finance
- MBA in HR
- MBA in Marketing
- MBA in Business Analytics
- MBA in Operations Management
- MBA in International Business
- MBA in Information Technology
- MBA in Healthcare Management
- MBA In General Management
- MBA in Agriculture
- MBA in Supply Chain Management
- MBA in Entrepreneurship
- MBA in Project Management
- Management Program
- Consumer Behaviour
- Supply Chain Management
- Financial Analytics
- Introduction to Fintech
- Introduction to HR Analytics
- Fundamentals of Communication
- Art of Effective Communication
- Introduction to Research Methodology
- Mastering Sales Technique
- Business Communication
- Fundamentals of Journalism
- Economics Masterclass
- Free Courses
What is a Social Media Manager? Discover What They Do and How to Become One
Updated on 24 December, 2024
1.25K+ views
• 7 min read
Table of Contents
- What Is a Social Media Manager?
- What Does a Social Media Manager Do?
- What Is a Social Media Manager’s Skill Requirements?
- How Much Does a Social Media Manager Earn?
- Industries Hiring Social Media Managers
- How to Become a Social Media Manager
- How Online Courses Can Make It Easier to Become a Social Media Manager
If you’ve been checking out job listings, you’ve probably seen the role of a social media manager popping up everywhere. It’s because businesses need someone to handle their online presence on platforms like Instagram, Twitter, and LinkedIn. Social media managers create posts, run campaigns, and make sure a brand stays connected with its audience.
This role is in high demand, and it will only grow as more businesses move online. If you’re wondering what is a social media manager’s task, how much they earn, or how to get started in this career, you’re in the right place. Let’s break it down!
New to social media marketing?
Explore this in-depth tutorial to learn the fundamentals of social media advertising and how it fits into a manager's role
What Is a Social Media Manager?
A social media manager is a professional who handles an organization’s social media presence. They are responsible for planning, implementing, managing, and monitoring strategies to connect with the audience, increase brand visibility, and achieve business goals. Their role involves understanding the target audience, selecting the right platforms, and crafting content that resonates with users.
Real-World Example:
For example, a social media manager for a coffee shop launching a new seasonal menu might:
- Post aesthetic photos of pumpkin spice lattes on Instagram.
- Start a hashtag challenge, like #SipTheSeason, on Instagram.
- Engage with followers by replying to comments or reposting customer photos.
Their ultimate goal? To ensure the brand remains visible, relatable, and impactful across platforms.
What Does a Social Media Manager Do?
Social media managers juggle multiple tasks to maintain and grow a brand’s digital presence. Here’s a closer look at their responsibilities:
Key Responsibilities
1. Develop and Implement Strategies
They align social media plans with business goals.
- Scenario: A fitness brand aiming to boost app downloads could create a campaign showcasing workout tips on Instagram Stories.
2. Create and Schedule Content
Design and publish engaging posts, including text, images, and videos.
- Scenario: An electronics company shares tutorial videos on YouTube while scheduling daily posts for upcoming product launches.
3. Engage with the Audience
Monitor comments, messages, and tags, responding promptly and professionally.
- Scenario: A travel agency answers trip-related questions on Facebook while resharing travel photos from happy customers.
4. Analyze Metrics and Improve Performance
Track performance through data insights and adjust strategies accordingly.
- Scenario: If Instagram Reels outperform static posts, the manager pivots to create more video content.
5. Stay Updated with Trends
Keep up with platform changes and popular trends to keep content fresh and relevant.
- Scenario: Jumping on a viral Instagram challenge to showcase a new product in a fun, relatable way.
What Is a Social Media Manager’s Skill Requirements?
Essential Skills
- Creativity
- Communication
- Analytical Thinking
- Time Management
- Strategic Thinking
- Attention to Detail
Tools Social Media Managers Use
Category |
Examples |
Scheduling Tools |
Hootsuite, Buffer, Sprout Social, Later |
Content Tools |
Canva, Adobe Photoshop, InShot, Figma, Adobe Premiere Pro |
Analytics Platforms |
Google Analytics, Facebook Insights, Social Blade, HubSpot |
Collaboration Tools |
Slack, Trello, Asana, Monday.com |
Ad Platforms |
Facebook Ads Manager, Google Ads, LinkedIn Campaign Manager |
Trend Tracking Tools |
BuzzSumo, Trendhunter, Mention, Meltwater |
Soft Skills
- Adaptability
- Crisis Management
- Collaboration
- Problem-Solving
- Emotional Intelligence
- Multitasking
- Storytelling
Combining Skills and Tools
A skilled social media manager uses these tools and abilities to run successful campaigns. For instance:
- They rely on content tools like Canva or Adobe Premiere Pro to create professional visuals and videos.
- Scheduling tools like Later ensure posts go live at optimal times.
- With analytics platforms such as Google Analytics, they analyze audience behavior and adjust strategies.
Soft skills like problem-solving and emotional intelligence help manage crises, while collaboration tools like Trello keep the team organized and informed.
Building impactful campaigns is key for any social media manager.
Learn how to create successful social media campaigns with strategies that drive engagement and results.
How Much Does a Social Media Manager Earn?
The salary of a social media manager varies depending on experience, industry, and location. Here’s a breakdown of average salary ranges:
Experience Level |
Salary Range (INR) |
Industries Offering High Salaries |
Entry-Level (0-2 years) |
3-6 LPA |
E-commerce, Technology, Entertainment |
Mid-Level (2-5 years) |
6-12 LPA |
Healthcare, Travel, Startups |
Senior-Level (5+ years) |
12-25 LPA or more |
Technology, Retail, Media and Advertising |
Factors Affecting Salary:
- Experience: Professionals with advanced SMM skills and certifications command higher salaries.
- Industry: High-growth industries like e-commerce and technology often offer the best pay.
- Location: Metropolitan cities like Bangalore, Mumbai, and Delhi typically pay more due to demand and cost of living.
Industries Hiring Social Media Managers
Social media managers are in demand across diverse industries. Here are some of the top sectors hiring for this role:
- E-commerce and Retail: INR 6-15 LPA.
- Entertainment and Media: INR 5-12 LPA.
- Healthcare and Wellness: INR 4-10 LPA.
- Travel and Hospitality: INR 5-10 LPA.
- Technology and Startups: INR 6-20 LPA.
- Education: INR 4-8 LPA.
- Financial Services: INR 5-12 LPA.
- Non-Profit Organizations: INR 3-6 LPA.
- FMCG (Fast-Moving Consumer Goods): INR 6-15 LPA.
- Real Estate: INR 5-12 LPA.
How to Become a Social Media Manager
Becoming a social media manager involves a mix of education, hands-on practice, and staying updated with industry trends. Follow these steps to build your career:
1. Earn Relevant Education
Start by obtaining a degree in marketing, communications, business, or any related field.
A bachelor’s degree in marketing teaches you the fundamentals of audience behavior, branding, and campaign strategies.
2. Master Social Media Tools
Familiarize yourself with tools used for scheduling, content creation, and analytics.
- Use Hootsuite or Buffer to plan and schedule posts.
- Try Canva to create engaging visuals for platforms like Instagram and Facebook.
- Use Google Analytics to track how social media efforts drive website traffic.
3. Build an Online Portfolio
Create a portfolio that showcases your ability to manage social media campaigns. If you lack real-world experience, design mock projects.
Run a hypothetical campaign for a local coffee shop, creating Instagram posts, stories, and ad samples.
4. Get Certifications
Certifications validate your expertise and make you stand out to employers.
- Explore certifications and tutorials offered by upGrad to master social media marketing strategies and enhance your professional skills.
5. Stay Updated
The social media landscape changes rapidly. Follow blogs, attend webinars, and stay active on professional platforms.
- Read blogs on upGrad’s website for insights into the latest social media trends.
Join free webinars on social media trends offered by platforms.
Check out top social media marketing techniques that professionals use to stay ahead.
How Online Courses Can Make It Easier to Become a Social Media Manager
Online courses offer an easy, flexible way to gain the skills you need, from mastering content creation to building winning strategies.
With upGrad, you’ll get access to industry-relevant tools, hands-on projects, and mentorship from experts who know what works.
Why Learn with upGrad?
- Bite-Sized Tutorials (Social Media Marketing tutorial): Master tools like Canva, Hootsuite, and Facebook Ads with step-by-step lessons.
- Globally Recognized Certifications: Earn credentials like:
- Professional Certificate in Social Media Marketing
- Advanced Certificate in Digital Marketing and Communication from MICA
Join upGrad today and learn everything you need to stand out!
Elevate your digital marketing skills with our expertly crafted online courses, covering everything from SEO to social media strategy to boost your career.
Best Digital Marketing Courses Online
Advance your career by mastering vital Digital Marketing skills such as conversion rate optimization, digital advertising, CRM tools, and strategic campaign planning.
In-demand Digital Marketing Skills
Get valuable marketing tips and stay updated with trends through our popular Digital Marketing blogs, your go-to resource for actionable strategies and industry news.
Popular Digital Marketing Blogs
Start learning with our free Digital Marketing courses, offering practical knowledge on SEO, email marketing, and more to help you grow your digital presence.
Digital Marketing Free courses to Learn
Source:
https://www.glassdoor.co.in/Salaries/social-media-manager-salary-SRCH_KO0,20.htm
Frequently Asked Questions
1. Can you become a social media manager without a degree?
Yes, a degree is not mandatory. What matters most are skills like content creation, strategy planning, and analytics. Certifications and experience can help you stand out.
2. What are the most in-demand platforms for social media managers?
Platforms like Instagram, LinkedIn, Facebook, and YouTube are currently the most in demand, depending on the industry and target audience.
3. How important are certifications in this field?
Certifications can boost your credibility and show expertise in tools like Google Analytics, HubSpot, or Facebook Ads. They’re helpful but not always required.
4. What is the career growth trajectory for social media managers?
Social media managers can grow into roles like Social Media Strategist, Digital Marketing Manager, or even Chief Marketing Officer (CMO) with the right skills and experience.
5. Can social media management be done remotely?
Yes, many social media management tasks like creating content, scheduling posts, and analyzing data can be done remotely.
6. What are the common challenges in this role?
Challenges include staying updated with platform changes, managing time for multiple accounts, handling negative feedback, and proving ROI to clients or employers.
7. How can freelancers break into social media management?
Freelancers can start by offering services to small businesses or nonprofits, building a portfolio, and networking to find more clients.
8. Do social media managers handle paid ad campaigns?
Yes, many social media managers are responsible for running and optimizing paid ad campaigns on platforms like Facebook, Instagram, and Google.
9. What’s the difference between a content manager and a social media manager?
Content managers oversee all content (blogs, videos, website), while social media managers focus specifically on content and campaigns for social platforms.
10. How do you build a portfolio for this career?
Create a portfolio with examples of content you’ve created, successful campaigns, and data showing results like engagement or follower growth.
11. What industries offer the highest salaries for social media managers?
Industries like tech, fashion, finance, and e-commerce often offer the highest salaries due to the competitive nature of their markets.
12. How do social media managers measure campaign success?
They use metrics like engagement rate, reach, impressions, conversions, and ROI to evaluate how well a campaign performed.
13. Are internships essential to start this career?
Internships aren’t essential but can help you gain hands-on experience, build connections, and improve your portfolio.
14. Can social media managers transition to digital marketing roles?
Yes, many skills like analytics, content strategy, and ad management are transferable to broader digital marketing roles.
15. What trends are shaping the future of social media management?
Trends include video content, influencer collaborations, AI-driven analytics, and platform features like short-form videos (e.g., Instagram Reels).
RELATED PROGRAMS