What is Cyber Security? Types, Career & Salary [2025]
Updated on Apr 01, 2025 | 25 min read | 8.2k views
Share:
For working professionals
For fresh graduates
More
Updated on Apr 01, 2025 | 25 min read | 8.2k views
Share:
Table of Contents
Cybercrime cost businesses $8 trillion in 2023, and this number is expected to skyrocket to $24 trillion by 2027. In today’s digital world, cybersecurity is no longer optional—it’s essential.
Now you may be wondering, “What is cyber security?”
Cyber security is the practice of protecting systems, networks, and data from cyber threats like hacking, malware, and phishing. As cyberattacks grow more sophisticated, organizations rely on advanced security strategies to prevent financial and data losses.
Key Cybersecurity Aspects |
Description |
Types of Cyber Threats | Malware, phishing, ransomware, and data breaches. |
Defense Strategies | Firewalls, encryption, multi-factor authentication (MFA), AI-driven security. |
Career Opportunities | Cybersecurity engineer, ethical hacker, security analyst, and more. |
Salary Trends | High demand leads to competitive salaries across cybersecurity roles. |
This blog explains threats, defense strategies, cybersecurity trends, career opportunities, and salary insights in detail to help you stay updated in 2025.
Build the future with code! Explore our Software Engineering courses and take the first step toward becoming a tech leader. Start Learning Today!
Cybersecurity is the practice of protecting networks, systems, and data from cyber threats such as hacking, malware, and unauthorized access. It encompasses various technologies, processes, and policies designed to prevent, detect, and respond to cyberattacks.
With the rise in cybercrime, businesses, governments, and individuals must adopt strong security measures to safeguard sensitive information, maintain privacy, and ensure operational continuity. Effective cybersecurity minimizes financial losses, protects intellectual property, and prevents data breaches.
Cybersecurity encompasses various domains, each addressing specific threats. The seven key types of cybersecurity are:
Cybersecurity plays a crucial role in safeguarding individuals, enterprises, and governments from cyber threats. A single attack can cause financial damage, reputational harm, and legal consequences.
Cybersecurity operates through a multi-layered approach to protect systems, networks, and data from cyber threats. It involves identifying risks, implementing security measures, monitoring activities, and responding to incidents.
A well-structured cybersecurity framework ensures that individuals, enterprises, and governments can safeguard their data and systems effectively. Below is a step-by-step breakdown of how cybersecurity works.
Did You Know? Vladimir Levin hacked Citibank in 1994, transferring $10 million to accounts worldwide—one of the first major online bank heists! |
Cyber safety has become a top priority. As technology advances, cybercriminals are developing more sophisticated attack methods, making the need for cybersecurity stronger than ever. Organizations, governments, and individuals must stay vigilant against these threats to protect sensitive data and prevent financial and reputational losses.
This section covers the most common cyber security threats and the cybersecurity categories that help mitigate them.
Cyber threats are growing in complexity, making the need for cybersecurity more critical than ever. Attackers exploit vulnerabilities to steal data, disrupt systems, and cause financial losses. Understanding these threats is essential for ensuring cyber safety and implementing strong defenses. Here are some most common cybersecurity threats:
Malware, short for "malicious software," refers to any software intentionally designed to cause harm to a computer system, network, or user. It can steal, encrypt, or delete data, alter core functions, and spy on users’ activities.
Example:
The WannaCry Ransomware Attack (2017) exploited a vulnerability in Windows operating systems, infecting more than 230,000 computers across 150 countries. It locked users out of their data and demanded Bitcoin payments for file recovery.
Phishing is a type of cyberattack where hackers impersonate trusted entities—such as banks, email providers, or government agencies—to trick users into revealing sensitive information. Phishing attacks typically occur via email, text messages, or fraudulent websites.
Example:
During the COVID-19 pandemic, cybercriminals launched phishing campaigns that impersonated the World Health Organization (WHO). These emails contained links that installed malware or tricked victims into providing personal information.
An insider threat occurs when an individual within an organization misuses their access to sensitive data, either intentionally or unintentionally. These threats are difficult to detect because they come from trusted employees, contractors, or business partners.
Example:
In 2018, a Tesla employee leaked confidential business data, highlighting the need for cybersecurity measures such as monitoring user activity and restricting data access.
A Denial-of-Service (DoS) attack disrupts the availability of a website, network, or online service by overwhelming it with an excessive amount of traffic. A Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attack amplifies this effect by using multiple compromised devices (botnets) to flood a target system.
Example:
The Mirai botnet attack (2016) targeted Dyn, a major DNS provider, causing widespread internet outages and affecting platforms like Twitter, Netflix, and Reddit.
A zero-day exploit targets a software vulnerability before the software developer has created and released a fix. These attacks are particularly dangerous because they exploit unknown security flaws, making them difficult to prevent.
Example:
The Stuxnet worm (2010) targeted Iran’s nuclear program by exploiting multiple zero-day vulnerabilities in Windows. It sabotaged industrial control systems, demonstrating the risks of cyber warfare.
Learn cybersecurity essentials, its importance today, key terms, and challenges in this Free Fundamentals of Cybersecurity Course from upGrad. Enroll now!
To maintain cyber safety, organizations implement different cybersecurity measures categorized as follows:
Network security involves implementing policies and technologies to protect computer networks from unauthorized access, attacks, and data breaches. It ensures the integrity, confidentiality, and availability of network resources.
Example:
Financial institutions use Next-Generation Firewalls (NGFWs) to monitor network traffic and prevent unauthorized access to banking systems.
Cloud security focuses on protecting cloud-based services, applications, and storage from cyber threats. As businesses increasingly rely on cloud computing, securing cloud environments has become essential.
Example:
In 2021, a misconfigured Amazon Web Services (AWS) S3 bucket led to a massive data leak, exposing millions of user records. Proper cloud security policies could have prevented this breach.
Application security ensures that software applications are developed and maintained with security in mind. This prevents vulnerabilities that could be exploited by attackers.
Example:
In 2017, Equifax suffered a massive data breach due to an unpatched vulnerability in Apache Struts, exposing personal data of 147 million people.
Data security involves protecting data from unauthorized access, corruption, or theft. It ensures that sensitive information remains confidential and is only accessible to authorized users.
Example:
In 2019, Capital One’s data breach exposed 100 million customer records due to a misconfigured firewall, emphasizing the importance of strong data security practices.
Enroll in a Professional Certificate in Cloud Computing and DevOps from upGrad and get ahead in your career.
As cyber threats continue to evolve, organizations must adopt robust defense mechanisms to ensure cyber safety and prevent unauthorized access to critical systems. One of the most fundamental security strategies involves the use of firewalls, Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS), and Intrusion Prevention Systems (IPS). These technologies play a crucial role in network security, helping to detect, prevent, and mitigate cyber threats.
A firewall is a network security device or software that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predefined security rules. It acts as a barrier between a trusted internal network and an untrusted external network, such as the internet.
Example:
A corporate firewall can be configured to block access to malicious websites, reducing the risk of phishing and malware infections within an organization.
An Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is a security solution designed to detect and alert administrators about potential cyber threats. Unlike firewalls, IDS does not block traffic but instead monitors network activity for unusual patterns that may indicate an attack.
Example:
If an IDS detects a brute-force attack on a company’s login portal, it can generate an alert so that security teams can respond before the attacker gains access.
An Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) is an advanced security solution that not only detects cyber threats but also takes immediate action to block them. It acts as an extension of IDS, preventing security breaches in real time.
Example:
If an attacker attempts an SQL injection attack on a web application, an IPS can identify the malicious input and block it immediately, preventing data theft.
A comprehensive cybersecurity strategy often includes firewalls, IDS, and IPS working together to create a multi-layered defense:
Security Solution |
Primary Function |
Prevention Mechanism |
Example Scenario |
Firewall | Controls network traffic | Blocks unauthorized access | Prevents access to a malicious website |
IDS | Detects cyber threats | Alerts administrators about suspicious activity | Identifies a brute-force login attempt |
IPS | Prevents cyber threats | Automatically blocks threats in real-time | Stops an SQL injection attack |
By combining these security measures, organizations can significantly enhance cyber safety and reduce the risk of unauthorized access, malware infections, and data breaches.
Did you know? In 2021, the personal data of 533 million Facebook users from 106 countries was leaked online, exposing phone numbers, full names, locations, and email addresses. |
With the increasing need for cybersecurity, organizations and individuals must follow best practices to safeguard their digital assets. Implementing standardized frameworks, adopting essential cyber safety measures, and adhering to cybersecurity guidelines can prevent cyber threats.
Several well-established cybersecurity frameworks provide structured guidelines to protect organizations from cyber threats. These include:
To enhance digital security, individuals and businesses should follow these fundamental cyber safety rules:
Beyond frameworks and rules, implementing daily security practices can further enhance protection:
To ensure strong cybersecurity, follow these essential guidelines:
Looking for inspiration for your next project? Explore top cybersecurity research topics and stay ahead in this evolving field.
As cyber threats evolve, organizations and individuals must invest in cyber safety and security to protect sensitive data, ensure compliance, and maintain a robust defense against cyber attacks. Strong cybersecurity infrastructures not only minimize risks but also reduce financial losses associated with data breaches.
Cybersecurity information systems play a crucial role in protecting sensitive data from unauthorized access, breaches, and leaks. Data protection strategies include:
By implementing these measures, businesses and individuals can prevent identity theft, financial fraud, and intellectual property loss.
Maintaining privacy and data integrity is essential for organizations handling personal and financial information. Key confidentiality practices include:
These measures ensure that only authorized users have access to critical data, reducing the risk of insider threats and unauthorized leaks.
A strong cybersecurity infrastructure minimizes IT system vulnerabilities and prevents cybercriminals from exploiting weak points. Key components include:
A well-structured cybersecurity framework enhances system resilience and ensures uninterrupted business operations.
Organizations must adhere to cybersecurity regulations to protect customer data and avoid legal penalties. Compliance frameworks include:
Following compliance standards helps businesses avoid hefty fines and build trust with customers.
Preventing cyber threats is more cost-effective than dealing with their consequences. Investing in cybersecurity information systems helps organizations:
By implementing proactive security measures, businesses can significantly lower cybersecurity-related expenses and protect their financial assets.
Despite advancements in cyber safety and security, organizations continue to face evolving threats. From the increasing complexity of cyber attacks to a widening cybersecurity skill gap, several challenges make it difficult to maintain strong defenses.
Modern cybercriminals leverage advanced tools such as AI-powered malware, deepfake technology, and zero-day exploits to bypass traditional security defenses. These attacks are becoming harder to detect, requiring organizations to implement next-generation threat intelligence solutions.
Many organizations struggle to identify cyber threats in real time. Challenges include:
Security teams must deploy AI-driven threat detection and real-time monitoring to counteract these evolving attack methods.
The demand for cybersecurity experts far outweighs the supply. Organizations face difficulties in hiring skilled professionals due to:
Cybersecurity professionals must continuously upskill to stay ahead of cybercriminals. Key challenges include:
To bridge this gap, companies must invest in cybersecurity education, certifications, and hands-on training programs.
SMEs often lack the financial and technological resources to implement robust cyber security measures. Challenges include:
Implementing cost-effective cybersecurity frameworks and leveraging cloud-based security solutions can help SMEs strengthen their defenses.
With global cybersecurity regulations tightening, organizations must comply with multiple legal frameworks, including:
Failure to comply can result in hefty fines, legal issues, and reputational damage. Organizations must regularly audit their security policies and stay updated with evolving regulations.
New technologies such as 5G, IoT, and blockchain bring both opportunities and risks in cybersecurity. Key concerns include:
To mitigate these risks, businesses must integrate AI-driven cybersecurity solutions, Zero Trust architectures, and blockchain-based security models.
Did you know? In September 2023, MGM Resorts suffered a cyber attack by the Scattered Spider group, leading to operational disruptions that affected guests' access to rooms and services. |
upGrad’s Exclusive Software Development Webinar for you –
SAAS Business – What is So Different?
Cyber security information is critical to safeguarding systems, networks, and data. Organizations rely on advanced cybersecurity tools to detect, prevent, and mitigate cyber threats effectively. Below is a table of essential cybersecurity tools used by professionals for various security tasks, from network monitoring to penetration testing.
Tool Name |
Category |
Purpose & Features |
Wireshark | Network Traffic Analyzer | Captures and inspects network packets in real time for troubleshooting and security analysis. |
Kali Linux | Penetration Testing OS | Pre-installed security tools for ethical hacking, vulnerability assessment, and forensics. |
Metasploit | Penetration Testing Framework | Identifies and exploits vulnerabilities to simulate cyberattacks. |
Nmap (Network Mapper) | Network Scanning Tool | Maps networks, detects open ports, and identifies system vulnerabilities. |
Nessus | Vulnerability Assessment | Scans IT systems for misconfigurations, security gaps, and compliance issues. |
Firewalls (pfSense, Cisco ASA, FortiGate, etc.) | Network Security | Monitors and filters incoming/outgoing traffic to prevent unauthorized access. |
Splunk | SIEM (Security Information and Event Management) | Collects, analyzes, and visualizes security logs for real-time threat detection. |
Malwarebytes | Anti-Malware Protection | Detects and removes viruses, ransomware, and spyware from systems. |
Burp Suite | Web Security Testing | Identifies vulnerabilities such as SQL injection and XSS in web applications. |
Snort | Intrusion Detection System (IDS) | Monitors network traffic to detect and alert on suspicious activities. |
Aircrack-ng | Wireless Security Testing | Analyzes and tests Wi-Fi security protocols for weak encryption keys. |
John the Ripper | Password Cracking Tool | Tests password strength and recovers lost credentials through brute-force attacks. |
Nikto | Web Server Security Scanner | Scans web servers for vulnerabilities, outdated software, and misconfigurations. |
Organizations must stay ahead by adopting cutting-edge security measures and leveraging the latest innovations. From AI-driven threat detection to the rise of quantum computing, cybersecurity trends in 2025 are shaping the future of digital defense. Here are the key trends influencing cyber safety and security today.
The demand for skilled cybersecurity professionals is rising. Organizations worldwide are investing heavily in cybersecurity to protect their digital assets. Below are some of the most sought-after cybersecurity roles and the latest salary trends for 2025.
The demand for cybersecurity professionals continues to rise in 2025 as organizations prioritize data protection, compliance, and threat mitigation. Here are some of the top cybersecurity roles:
Cyber Security Engineers design, implement, and maintain security measures to protect an organization’s digital assets. They develop firewalls, intrusion detection systems, and encryption protocols.
Security Analysts monitor and analyze security threats, conduct vulnerability assessments, and respond to cyber incidents. They also ensure regulatory compliance.
Ethical Hackers, also known as penetration testers, simulate cyberattacks to identify security weaknesses before malicious hackers can exploit them.
Security Architects design robust security infrastructures for organizations. They establish policies, frameworks, and secure network architectures.
Network Security Specialists focus on protecting network infrastructure from cyber threats. They configure firewalls, VPNs, and intrusion prevention systems.
Incident Responders handle cybersecurity breaches by identifying, containing, and mitigating threats. They conduct forensic analysis and develop response strategies.
CISOs lead an organization’s cybersecurity strategy, ensuring risk management, regulatory compliance, and overall security governance.
Salaries for cybersecurity professionals in 2025 vary based on experience, job role, industry, and location. Below is an overview of salary trends across different levels:
Experience Level |
Average Salary (INR per annum) |
Entry-Level (0-2 years) | ₹5,00,000 - ₹9,00,000 |
Mid-Level (3-7 years) | ₹10,00,000 - ₹18,00,000 |
Senior-Level (8+ years) | ₹20,00,000+ |
Cybersecurity is no longer just an IT-related concern—it’s a fundamental pillar of digital trust and business resilience. According to Check Point Research, organizations faced an average of 1,636 cyberattacks per week in Q2 2024, marking a 30% year-over-year increase.
Meanwhile, Norton Antivirus reports that over 75% of targeted cyberattacks in 2024 began with an email, making phishing the leading cybercrime vector. These alarming statistics highlight the growing demand for skilled cybersecurity professionals capable of defending against evolving threats.
As we move into 2025, cybersecurity careers will remain among the most sought-after, offering lucrative salaries, career stability, and continuous learning opportunities. With cyber threats becoming more sophisticated and widespread, one thing is clear—cybersecurity isn’t just a career choice; it’s a mission to protect the digital world.
Boost your career with our popular Software Engineering courses, offering hands-on training and expert guidance to turn you into a skilled software developer.
Master in-demand Software Development skills like coding, system design, DevOps, and agile methodologies to excel in today’s competitive tech industry.
Stay informed with our widely-read Software Development articles, covering everything from coding techniques to the latest advancements in software engineering.
References:
https://www.ambitionbox.com/profile/chief-information-security-officer-salary
https://www.ambitionbox.com/profile/incident-response-analyst-salary
https://www.glassdoor.co.in/Salaries/security-architect-salary-SRCH_KO0,18.htm
https://www.glassdoor.co.in/Salaries/ethical-hackers-salary-SRCH_KO0,15.htm
https://www.glassdoor.co.in/Salaries/security-analyst-salary-SRCH_KO0,16.htm
https://www.glassdoor.co.in/Salaries/cyber-security-engineer-salary-SRCH_KO0,23.htm
https://www.glassdoor.co.in/Salaries/network-security-specialist-salary-SRCH_KO0,27.htm
https://www.terranovasecurity.com/blog/cyber-security-statistics
https://us.norton.com/blog/emerging-threats/cybersecurity-statistics
https://research.checkpoint.com/2024/22nd-july-threat-intelligence-report/
https://www.embroker.com/blog/cyber-attack-statistics/
Get Free Consultation
By submitting, I accept the T&C and
Privacy Policy
India’s #1 Tech University
Executive PG Certification in AI-Powered Full Stack Development
77%
seats filled
Top Resources