The biggest take-home lesson from any sales and marketing management course is that you must know and understand your customer's needs, whether selling to a business or directly to clients. Every business holds its unique selling proposition (USP), or the reason customers should buy from them and not their competitors. While USP is dynamic and keeps changing with the market, its core idea remains the same - it is driven by what customers potentially look for when making a buying decision.
Knowing your customers involves tailoring your USP so that your products and services meet your customers’ needs. At the same time, you must keep a tab on what your competitors are offering - if their products and services match yours, there is nothing unique about what you deliver.
The customer’s needs fuel their motivation to decide and purchase one product over another. By studying your customer’s needs, you can provide them with better products and services and streamline your marketing strategies.
Physical and psychological needs
Before you master any sales technique, you must understand that customers’ needs are of two types: physical and psychological.
While physical needs are relatively easy to identify, understanding your customers’ psychological needs can be more challenging. For example, if someone needs a t-shirt, they will buy one, a basic physical need. However, the person’s psychological need to be more environmentally conscious will make them opt for brands that sell sustainable products. On the contrary, if the person believes in a minimalist lifestyle, they will buy products that meet their physical needs rather than splurge on expensive items.
How to understand customer’s needs
Physical and psychological needs often overlap, and it can be challenging to differentiate between them. Below we list some ways to help you understand and meet your customers’ needs:
1. Create a buyer’s persona
Understand who your customers are before identifying their needs. The best way to do this is by creating a fictional description of your ideal customer (buyer persona) based on your research and current customer base. Crafting a buyer’s persona helps you identify your target audience and what appeals to them based on age, income, hobbies, gender and the like. For example, young adults in their early 20s will have different needs than people in their 40s and 50s.
2. Collect direct customer feedback
One of the easiest ways to understand your customers’ needs is by asking them about their likes, dislikes and preferences. You can collect customer feedback using several ways, including online surveys, social media tracking, messaging platforms, etc. Ask customers how the product made them feel and the improvements they’d like to see. Learn about their physical and psychological needs through questions and implement viable suggestions.
3. Analyse your competition
While you focus your energy on understanding your customer, ensure that you keep a close eye on what your competitor offers. If your competitor offers a new feature in their products, customers in the same target market will expect the same in all their buying options. The dominance of online sales channels and platforms makes it even more challenging since you are competing with local businesses and brands from different countries with the potential to impact your customers’ needs.
4. Develop a customer needs statement
A customer needs statement is like a customer analysis that helps identify and fulfil customers' requirements. It provides a detailed overview of the customer and is frequently used in marketing, product development and customer service. The statement must reflect your customers’ needs in clear and lucid language and help your organisation's sales, marketing and product development teams. It must be consistent with the buyer's persona and state how your product will serve customers better than a competitor’s.