Python Courses

Variable is a name used to refer to a memory location. The alternate name of the Python variable is an identifier, and it is used to store values. When programming in Python, you need not mention the variable type since Python is a infer language and is wise enough to determine the variable type.

Note that variable names can be a group of both digits and letters. However, they must begin with an underscore or a letter. Moreover, it is recommended to use lowercase letters when naming a variable. For example, computers and computers are treated as two different variables. You can practice python by first clearing the concept of variables.

How to declare a variable and assign values:

Python doesn’t bind the users to declare a variable before using it. It lets you create a variable when required. It is not necessary to explicitly declare a variable in Python. The particular variable is automatically declared whenever we assign a value to the variable.

The equal (=) operator assigns a value to a variable.

Let’s understand with one of the python examples:

print("System")

Output:

System

You can also assign a value to a variable, for example,

a = 10

print(a")

Output:

a = 10

Variable Names:

By now, you will be familiar with how to declare a variable in Python. The variable names can have lower case, uppercase, digit, and underscore characters (_).

Let’s consider the below example of the valid variable names:

name = "John"

age = 25

marks = 75

print(name)

print(age)

print(marks)

Output:

John

25

75

Python Variables are of two types:

• Local Variable
• Global Variable

Local Variables:

They are declared within the function and have scope in that function.

Here is one of the python programming examples for local variables:

def add():

x = 10

y = 20

z = x + y

print("The sum is:", z)

add()

Output:

The sum is: 30

In this code, we have declared a function add() and assigned x and y variables in that function. Since these are local variables, they will have scope within this function only. If you attempt to use the exterior of the function, you will see an error.

Let’s try to use the variables outside the scope of the function:

add()

print(a)

Output:

The sum is: 30

print(a)

NameError: name 'x' is not defined

As seen from the above code, we get the NameError because the variable x is defined outside the function.

Global Variables:

Global variables have scope throughout the program. You can use them inside or outside the function.

Any variable declared outside the function is by default considered the global variable. Python lets you declare the global variables using the global keyword inside the function. But if you don’t use the global keyword, that function considers it as a local variable.

Here is one of the python programming examples for global variables:

a = 50

def mFunction():

global a

print(a)

a = 'Python programming '

print(a)

mFunction()

print(a)

Output:

50

Python programming

Python programming

In the above code, we’ve declared a global variable ‘a’ and assigned a value to it. Subsequently, we defined a function and also accessed the declared variable through the global keyword within the function. It is possible to alter its value. Subsequently, we’ve assigned a new string value to the variable ‘a’. A function is called and then the print command is executed. Finally, it prints the value as a newly assigned value of ‘a’.

In Python, Strings are enclosed by either single or double quotation marks. So, ‘world’ is the same as “world”.

The print() function is used to show a string literal.

For example,

print("Hi")

Output:

Hi

How to assign a string to a variable:

To assign a string to a variable, you can use a variable name followed by an equal sign and the string.

For example, here is a simple python program to assign a string:

Example

a = "Hi"

print(a)

Multiline Strings:

A variable can be assigned with a multiline string with the use of three quotes:

Example:

a = """I am happy

print(a)

Alternatively, you can use three single quotes:

a = ‘’’I am happy

print(a)

In both the cases, the output is the same i.e. I am happy

Using Strings as Arrays:

Similar to several other popular programming languages, the Strings in Python can be used as arrays of bytes demonstrating unicode characters.

Python doesn’t support a character data type, so a single character is merely a string with a length:1.

You can use the square brackets to access elements of the string.

For example, if you want to obtain the character at position 1 of the string then Strings as Arrays can be used as,

x = "Dear Students!"

print(x[1])

Output:

e

String Length:

Use the len() function to obtain the length of the string:

x = "Students"

print(len(x))

Output:

8

Check String:

If you want to check if a specific phrase or character is available in a string then you need to use the ‘in’ keyword.

In the following example code, we will check if ‘old’ is present in the following text or not:

txt = "Old is Gold!"

print("Old" in txt)

You can implement Python syntax by directly writing in the Command Line. Here is a simple python program to do that.

>>> print("Good Morning!")

Output:

Good Morning!

Alternativel, you can create a python file on the server, through the .py file extension, and execute it in the Command Line:

C:\Users\Your Name>python newfile.py

Lists

Lists in Python are used to store multiple items within a single variable. They are created with the help of square brackets:

Example of python list:

newlist = ["rose", "sunflower", "daisy"]

print(newlist)

Output:

"rose", "sunflower", "daisy"

Unique characteristics of Python List:

• List items are changeable, ordered, and allow duplicate values.
• In Python, List items are indexed; the first item denotes index [0], the second item denotes index [1], etc.

List Length:

To find out a number of items a list has, you can use the len() function:

The following example prints the number of items in the list:

newlist = ["rose", "sunflower", "daisy"]

print(len(newlist))

Output:

3

Tuples

Tuples in Python store multiple items in a single variable. Essentially, a tuple is an ordered and unchangeable collection.

They are written with round brackets.

Example to create a Tuple in Python:

newtuple = ("rose", "sunflower", "daisy")

print(newtuple)

Unique characteristics of Tuples in Python:

• Tuple items are unchangeable, ordered, and allow duplicate values.
• Tuple items are indexed; the first item denotes index [0], the second item denotes index [1], and so on.

Dictionary:

Dictionaries store data values in key: value pairs. In other words, a dictionary is a collection that is changeable, ordered, and doesn’t permit duplicates. They are written in curly brackets.

Example to create and print a dictionary in Python:

mydict = {

"flower": "Rose",

"color": "Red",

}

print(mydict)

Output:

{'flower': 'Rose', 'color': 'Red'}

Conditional Statements in Python:

List of Conditional Statements in Python:

Python If statement

Python If…else statements

Python Nested if statements

Python If-elif ladder

Python Short hand if statements

Python Short hand if-else statements

Now let’s understand each of them:

Python If statement:

It denotes the simple decision-making statement. In it, when you run some lines of code, a block of statement will execute if the condition is true else it will not be executed.

Syntax:

if (condition):

# if block

Python If…else statements:

In the If..else statement, there are two blocks. If the condition is false, the statements in the else condition are executed.

Syntax:

if(condition):

# if block

else:

# else block

Python Nested if statements:

In Nested if statements, an if statement includes another if statement. This conditional statement is useful to check another condition within a condition. You can use it to check multiple conditions in a specific program.

Syntax:

If (condition1):

#statement to be executed if condition is true

If (condition2):

# statement to be executed if condition is true

#end of nested if(condition2)

#end of if

#end of if (condition1)

Python If-elif ladder:

This condition statement is stepwise executed from top to bottom. When the if condition is true, then the if block will be executed else not. Subsequently, it checks if the elif condition is true then it would be executed else not. Finally, if none of the conditions are true, the statements in the else block will be executed.

Syntax:

if(condition):

#statement to execute if condition is true

elif(condition):

#statement to be executed if condition is false and elif is true

elif(condition):

#statement to be executed if both conditions are false and this elif condition is true

. else:

#statement to execute when all the conditions are false

Python Short hand if statements:

The alternate name is ‘one line statement’. In python, you can write an if statement, if else statement, and elif statement in a single line without indentation. You can use a short hand if statement if a single line statement needs to be executed.

Syntax:

If condition: statement

Python Short hand if else statements:

This statement is helpful to write if else in a single line.

Syntax:

if (condition): # if statement

else: #else statement

Loops

A loop statement executes a statement or collection of statements multiple times. Three types of loops in Python are for loop, while loop, and nested loop.

for loop:

It executes a series of statements multiple times and condenses the code that deals with the loop variable.

while loop:

It iterates a statement or collection of statements while a given condition is ‘True’. Before executing the loop body, it tests the condition.

nested loops:

You can use a single or multiple loops into any other for, while, or do..while loop.

A lambda function in Python is a tiny anonymous function. It can accept any number of arguments; however, it has only one expression

Syntax:

lambda arguments : expression

As per the syntax, the expression is executed and the result will be returned as,

lambda y: y

The expression includes lambda as a keyword, y as a bound variable, and y as a body.

Here is one of the python code examples for Lambda Function:

Let’s add 5 to argument y, and return the result:

x = lambda y : y + 7

print(x(5))

Output: 12

Python projects for beginners usually include the concepts of Objects and Classes. The Python classes and objects are fundamental concepts one must learn. Since Python is an object-oriented programming language, everything in this environment is an object along with its methods and properties.

A Class behaves as an object constructor or an outline for creating objects.

How to create a Class in Python:

The keyword class helps to create a class

Here is one of the python code examples for creating a class named MyClass, with a property named x:

class NewClass:

a = 10

Here, the NewClass is the class name and its property is named ‘a’.

How to create an Object in Python:

You can use NewClass to create objects:

Example:

Creating an object named m1, and print the value of a:

m1 = NewClass()

print(m1.x)

Output: 10

Python sets are mutable since we can add and delete elements into a set. However, sets can't hold mutable items.

So, the following code shows an error because the set internally uses a hashtable to store its elements. Hence, the particular set of elements must be hashable

Example code:

s = set([[1,2],[3,4,]])

Example of a mutable set in Python:

new_set = {1,2,3}

print(new_set)

print(id(new_set))

>>> {1, 2, 3}

>>> 2688892018248

Packages and Modules are not intended to extend your Python code over multiple directories and source files. They let you organise your code to reveal the logical structure of the thing your program attempts to do.

3 ways to define a module in Python:

• Writing a module in Python itself.
• Writing a module in C and dynamically loaded at run-time, similar to the re (regular expression) module.
• A built-in module is intrinsically confined in the interpreter, similar to the itertools module.

Note: In all these 3 ways, the contents of a module are accessed identically, using the import statement.

Python Packages:

For instance, you developed a huge application encompassing several modules. With the increase in the number of modules, it gets tough to track each of them if they are included in one location. Specifically, this is perceptible if they have identical functionality or names. So, organising them is important.

Packages in Python facilitate hierarchical organising of the module namespace with the dot notation. Just the way modules help prevent collisions among global variable names, packages too prevent collisions among module names.

It is quite easy to create a package because it utilises the built-in hierarchical file structure of the operating system. Consider the following arrangement. The package organisation can be like a directory named pkg with modules namely mod1.py, mod2.py, and mod3.py.

A Python interpreter assists in running the Python scripts. It is a fragment of software working between computer hardware and the Python program.

Various ways to run Python scripts:

• Operating system command-line or terminal
• IDE or Text editor
• Python interactive mode
• The file manager of the system

Let’s understand how to run a Python program using the operating system command-line or Terminal:

In the Python shell, after we shut down the session, we would lose the entire code that we wrote. Hence, it is recommended to write Python code through plain text files. Note that the text file should be saved as a .py extension.

Here is the example of running a Python program in a Notepad file and saving it as an example.py in the working directory,

print(“Programming in Python”)

Now, it’s time to execute this file through the command line.

Steps to run it:

Open the command terminal.

Type the python followed by the file name to be executed. Press the Enter key. (In our example, it needs to be written as python example.py)

If the file is error-free, the Output is as below:

Programming in Python

Data Structures with Python allow data organisation that helps in efficient access when required.

Types of Data Structures with Python:

• Linear Data Structures
• Non-Linear Data Structures
• Python Specific Data Structures

Linear Data Structures:

They store the data elements sequentially. Here are the types of Linear Data Structures:

• Array
• Python Stack
• Linked List
• Queue
• Matrix

Non-Linear Data Structures:

No sequential linking of the data elements exists in these data structures. Any group or pair of data elements can be connected to each other and also can be accessed without any strict sequence to be followed. Here are the types of Non-Linear Data Structures:

• Binary Tree
• Hash Table
• Heap
• Graph

Python Specific Data Structures:

They are specific to the python language. They provide excellent flexibility in holding various types of data and result in fast processing.

Here are the types of Python Specific Data Structures:

Tuple

List

Dictionary

Files help you to store data temporarily and permanently. In simple terms, a file is the assortment of data saved on a disk in a single unit recognized by a filename.

Python contains various functions for file handling that includes reading, creating, updating, and deleting files.

The key function for File Handling in Python is the open() function. This function accepts two parameters i.e. filename and mode.

• High-Level Language:

When writing programs in Python, you need neither to remember the system architecture nor manage the memory.

• Free and Open Source:

It is free to download Python from its official website. Being open-source, the source code is available to the public as well. Hence, you can download it, use it, and share it.

• Ease of python coding:

This high-level programming language is easier to learn compared to other programming languages like Java, JavaScript, C, etc. Also, it is developer-friendly.

• Object-Oriented Language:

One of the prominent features of Python is object-oriented programming. It also supports concepts of object encapsulation, python classes, etc.

• Scalable:

Python presents enhanced structure and support for big programs compared to shell scripting.

• GUI Programming Support:

GUI can be prepared using a module like PyQt4, PyQt5, Tk, or wxPython in python. Remember that PyQt5 is the most famous option for developing graphical apps in Python.

• Extensible feature:

Being extensible, you can write certain Python code into C or C++ language. Also, you can compile that code in the C/C++ language.

• Portability:

If you have Python code for Windows and are willing to execute this code on some other platforms like Unix, Linux, and Mac then you need not change it. You can execute this code on any platform.

• Integrated language:

You can effortlessly integrate Python with other languages such as C, C++, etc.

• Interpreted Language:

The reason why Python is termed an Interpreted Language is that Python code is executed line-by-line at a time. No need to compile Python code suggests that it is simpler to debug your code. Python’s source code is transformed into an immediate form known as bytecode.

• Vast Standard Library:

Python boasts a vast standard library presenting a powerful set of functions and modules. Hence, you need not write your own code for each thing. Several libraries exist like unit-testing, regular expressions, web browsers, etc.

• Dynamically Typed Language:

In Python, the type for a variable (example: long, double, int, etc.) is determined at run time. So, you need not mention the type of variable

Currently, there are approx. 1 million Python users. This estimate is dependent on different statistics like web statistics, download rates, and developer surveys.

Data Scientists extensively use Python for computing huge amounts of data and deriving data from huge libraries and databases. Specifically, it is useful for those programmers/developers who excel in machine learning. The reason Python can access machine learning frameworks for people working with AI.

Python is extensively used in academic research, biology, bioinformatics, and mathematics. Furthermore, it is the standard preliminary language for several university computer science programs.

The following table shows the use of Python for different user bases:

The python online course is better than the python offline course based on the following points:

• The python online course outline gives you a glimpse of how Python will be and accordingly, you can decide whether to proceed further or not. On the other hand, in an offline course, you don’t have the option to get an overview of the course and then decide whether to continue or not.
• In online mode, the python training is delivered as per the existing industry standards. The same facilitates candidates to land their dream jobs in leading companies by showcasing their python certification.
• In addition to theoretical teaching, the online python certification course also imparts practical knowledge via live project training. As a result, along with the advantage of learn python free, candidates get practical exposure to how Python works.
• The best python course in online approach also offers placement assistance to every candidate. So, candidates can increase their odds of getting hired and they can know how to prepare and crack the job interviews.
• Python courses online are designed to provide in-depth knowledge of Python by covering all modules.
• When you opt for a python online course, you can save your travelling time which you can invest in learning other topics of Python.
• The online free python course with certificate lets you refer to the videos and class recordings anytime. No specific time-bound on learning.

In online Python courses, the python certification is only offered when candidates pass the minimum criteria (being selected by the respective online platform) of the quiz. Therefore, it assures that the certified candidates are quite knowledgeable in Python.

All the top python courses usually include the following modules in their syllabus. The mentioned modules are important to consider in any python courses or courses related to python.

• Introduction to python programming
• Python Fundamentals
• Python data types and variables
• String objects and collection
• Operators in Python
• Python Namespace
• List, tuples, set, and dictionaries
• Decision-making loops in python
• Modules and Functions
• Object-oriented programming in python
• Python Multithreading
• Python sending Mail
• File handling
• Errors and Exception Handling in Python
• Accessing data from multiple sources
• Data Structures
• Python GUI Programming
• Collections
• Python SQL Database Access
• Reg Expressions
• Network Programming
• Threads Essential
• Accessing API Essential
• DJANGO

Python is being used in the data analytics industry and in that, and its market value is more than $10 billion. Owing to the companies prioritising data analytics to gain more profits, speedier turnover cycles, etc., more seats will be vacant in 2022-23 to be filled up by the Python Developers. The same is already apparent in the top companies that use Python like Google, AWS, etc. Therefore, the widespread usage of Python in Data Science symbolises its future scope.

The global Network Networking-as-a-Service (NaaS) market noted a value of over $8 billion in 2020. This market value is anticipated to surpass $45 billion by 2026. With the help of Python, it is possible to perform various networking tasks cost-effectively. These tasks can be writing, reading, and configuring switches and routers, and accomplishing other networking automation. Python entails various libraries for networking like Netmiko, Ansible, PySNMP, etc.
Looking at the Python development trends for 2022-23, it will be widely used in the following sectors:

• Data Science
• Artificial Intelligence
• Web Development
• Machine Learning
• Business Application
• Embedded Application
• Game Development

There are myriad opportunities for fresher’s to land a career in Python. Companies are on the lookout to hire skilled Python specialists. For the same, they prioritise hiring those candidates who have appeared for any of the reliable python courses with certification. This is because undergoing a Python course with certification demonstrates your solid base in Python fundamentals and programming.

The python free courses are in-demand in India because without spending anything, candidates can get enough fundamental knowledge of Python. Whether candidates choose python courses online free or paid for Python courses, they can demonstrate their Python knowledge with confidence.

Completing a Python course unlocks job opportunities for job roles like Research Analysts, DevOps Engineers, Python developers, Data Analysts, and Software developers in India. All these job roles in leading companies in India offer promising pay.

The average salary for Python Specialists in India is INR 3,88,489 per year

The salary of a Python Specialist in India can differ based on several factors. In this section, we outline a few factors:

• Salary based on location
• Salary based on job titles
• Salary based on experience

1. Salary based on job location:

Highest paying cities in India for Python Specialists:

Source: Indeed

2. Salary based on job titles:

3. Salary based on experience:

Python Specialist Starting Salary in India:

The starting salary for Python Specialists in India is INR 2,40,000 per year.

According to Glassdoor, a Python developer has an average annual income of £58,386.

The average salary for Python Specialists is$115,316 per year in the US,$75,581 per year in Canada, and 48,458 Euros in Germany.