Types of Operating Systems

For most people, computers seem like a confusing world full of jargon. But if you understand each part, it becomes easier to navigate.

One important part is the operating system (OS). It's like the boss, making sure software and hardware work well together. They keep things running without a hitch, be it for computers or smartphones. It mainly acts as a backbone for the technologies ensuring smooth functionality in devices.

But do you know how many types of operating systems there are? Many. Each OS is designed for specific tasks. With my tech knowledge, I'll explain the various types of operating systems, give examples, and highlight unique features. Let's explore together.

What Is An Operating System?

An operating system or OS is a program preloaded into a computer device through a boot program. The primary aim of the operating system is to manage all kinds of applications stored in a device along with memory and other processes.

This program helps communicate with the computer without even speaking its language and there are numerous different types of OS. An operating system often helps in bringing benefits for both software and hardware development. It helps maintain high functionality for functions such as disk storage, various kinds of network interfaces and more.

The Core Function Of Operating Systems

Before diving into the discussion of what are the different types of operating systems, let’s talk about their functions. The following list will help you to get a basic idea of what a OS actually does:

• The types of operating systems can allocate resources as well as manage crucial elements such as processors or memories. This helps in running the machines smoothly.
• Functions like controlling execution, managing resources and running programs, are controlled by operating systems.
• Moreover, different types of operating systems can provide layers of protection to prevent unauthorized access and potential threats.
• Operating systems offer interfaces such as command line or graphical UI to enable a space for a user to interact with the whole system.
  

Classification of Operating Systems

Even though the primary role of a specific operating system is present everywhere, different types of operating systems focus on providing services as per user and hardware needs.

The Foundational Type

Batch OS: Let's say, you have submitted a certain number of tasks by stacking them into a central processing unit or CPU. We can consider this very process as Batch OS. In this process, the jobs are sequentially grouped and used in mainframes for a huge number of processing data.

This grouping and submission take place through script files and punch cards that are exclusive to this type of OS. These helped to make a direct “user interaction". Examples include OS/360 and MVS.

Multi-processing OS: A multi-processing OS is like a dynamic version of a Batch OS. It lets you store and execute multiple programs simultaneously, one at a time, keeping processors busy. Unlike Batch OS, it optimizes resource use, akin to presenters waiting for their turn to speak. Examples include Windows, iOS, and Firefox.

The User-Oriented Type

Multitasking OS or operating system: The multitasking OS is well familiar to most of the users as they experience this OS on desktops and laptops in recent times. The main aim of the multitasking OS is to allow the users to run various applications all at once.

The users can switch between applications, which ultimately simultaneously creates an illusion of execution. Suppose you want to download a movie while listening to music and documenting some text, the multitasking OS will allow you to do everything concurrently. Examples include Windows and Linux.

Time-sharing operating system: While this specific OS is built on multitasking, the concept of a time-sharing operating system adds more value to the OS game. This unique type allows more than one user to get access to one single computer all at once.

The time-sharing OS also provides an opportunity to keep allocating resources in CPU or memory. In most cases, it is used in environments such as computer laboratories. These types of operating systems help users utilize resources from a particular device, Unix and Tenex are known as such time-sharing operating systems.

The Types With Specialized Purposes

RTOS or Real-time operating system: RTOS, or Real-time Operating Systems, are essential for precision-critical tasks in fields like medicine and industry. They ensure strict timing requirements are met, vital for operations where even small delays can be costly. Moreover, RTOS or real-time operating systems are also useful for managing minimal features in applications and their functions.

These types of operating systems in computers are used to ensure precision in managing time. Examples include FreeRTOS and QNX Neutrino, widely used for their reliability in embedded systems and real-time applications.

Distributed operating system: A distributed operating system coordinates and shares resources across multiple interconnected devices, essentially functioning as a unified system. This specific type of operating system can be found in large-scale computer operations.

As an additional feature, the processors of distributed operating systems can communicate through telephone lines and buses. Apache and Oracle are known as such operating systems. Examples include Apache and Oracle.

Mobile operating system: In recent times, mobile technology has become a huge part of our daily lives. From online shopping to communication, mobile devices are more like an extension of the human race. Not only phones but tablets are also considered mobile devices that are making our lives easier in various ways.

Android and iOS are the predominant operating systems preloaded on devices, renowned for their user-friendly interfaces optimized for touchscreens. They prioritize low power consumption, enhancing battery life. These types of OS provide robust communication systems, multimedia capabilities, and a diverse array of features, ensuring an enhanced consumer experience.

This discussion helped us to list the types of operating systems, but the question is how to choose the right one. Let’s find out!

Choosing The Right One

Choosing the right operating system for your computer involves considering your usage needs, hardware compatibility, preferred interface, and application availability. Here’s what I consider when choosing the OS suited to my needs:

1. Find out what your plan of use is. For example, if you are a gamer, you may look for operating systems such as Windows that are customizable and powerful to support your needs. Choosing the right types of operating systems can help you to achieve stability and user-friendly performance.
   

2. Ensure that the hardware components of your devices are compatible with your OS. Note that, every operating system requires a compatible machine for better performance and stability.
   

3. Choose a user interface that will allow you to interact with the system seamlessly. For example, if you work in hospital management, you may need Hospital management UI or HMS design for better operation.
   

4. Look for the availability of your desired application along with its compatibility with your chosen operating system. Your favorite Adobe stuff may not work on LinuxOS.
   

In Summary

Operating systems are evolving rapidly to meet the dynamic demands of the market and users. With ongoing advancements, from new features to enhanced functionality, OS development remains continuous. As technology progresses, users anticipate innovation and evolution in the different types of operating systems available to address their diverse needs.

Now that I have come to the end of explaining different types of operating systems with examples, here’s a nugget of wisdom I’m leaving you with. To gather more in-depth knowledge about the types of operating system in OS, take up a professional software development course. upGrad is the best online platform out there. You will be under their expert guidance to help you to excel in the digital landscape.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. What are the main types of operating systems?

The main types of operating systems are multitasking OS, multi-processing OS, real-time OS, network operating and time-sharing OS.

2. How many types of OS are there?

There are various kinds of OS but some of the common OS are Batch OS, Network OS, Distributed OS and Real-time OS.

3. What is a single-user, single-tasking OS?

A single-user, Single Tasking OS allows a user to proceed with one function at a time.

4. What is a multi-user OS?

The concept of Multi-user OS allows the users to get access to one system simultaneously.

5. What is a real-time OS?

A real-time operating system is designed for the applications under a timely deadline.

6. Can an operating system belong to multiple types?

Yes, an operating system can be both multi-tasking and multi-user types.

7. What factors determine the choice of operating system?

The choice of operating system is highly dependable on compatible hardware, need of software, preferences of the users and better security.

8. What are the two main functions of an operating system?

The two main functions that can be achieved through operating systems are: managing hardware, and providing better service and support for software.