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For College Students

Blockchain Architecture Explained

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In this segment, we will be learning about blockchain architecture. The analogy will be drawn from the traditional network architectures, i.e. client-server architecture model.

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The web is a service that allows sharing of data. Due to this feature of the web, it is said to follow the client-server architecture. In a client-server architecture, a client can be a machine or a program that allows the user to make requests to the server. For example, WWW is a client-server program. Users can request data and the web will provide it. On the other hand, a server is essentially a program and NOT A DEVICE. 

There are two types of servers:

  1. Web servers like Apache, which serve HTTP requests
  2. Database servers like MySQL, which runs database management system queries

A server is always listening for requests. As soon as it receives a request, it responds with an action or a message.
A Client-Server architecture model is an architecture on the web that splits the devices into two sections: devices that request for data and devices that provide the requested data.
In a peer-to-peer network, each device can act as a server and as a client at different points in time. The most suitable example of this is ‘Skype’.
 

2-tier Architecture3-tier architecture
A 2-tier architecture is basically meant for client-server applications. This means that there is direct communication between client and server.A 3-tier architecture is usually meant for web-based applications. There is always an intermediary (can be more than one)  between server and client.
Servers can not record multiple requests at the same time.These architectures have a high performance because requests can be cached, and load can be reduced.
It is easy to maintain.Complexity is increased due to the increase in the number of layers.
It is easy to modify.It improves data integrity, security and are easy to maintain and modify.

A distributed app, commonly referred to as the D-App, runs on a peer-to-peer network. Assume multiple copies of client-server devices set up on the network, with each server connecting and interacting with other servers. Each of these servers can be mapped to be a node in a blockchain network. D-Apps connect a blockchain via a smart contract, much like APIs in a client-server middleware architecture. The address or domain name for a server is fixed, and clients can connect through that.