In this session, you learnt that whenever you start developing a new system or software, the first step should be object-oriented analysis and design, or OOAD. OOAD consists of mainly two steps: analysis and design.
Analysis is the first step in OOAD. During the analysis phase, you work with the users of the system or software to gather the requirements of the system. Design is the second step in OOAD. During the design phase, you work with the domain experts to decide how those requirements can be implemented.
You also learnt about two programming paradigms: procedural and object-oriented. You saw that object-oriented paradigm is better than procedural paradigm to develop systems. The languages that use the object-oriented approach to develop systems are known as object-oriented programming languages, or OOP languages. Java is one of the OOP languages.
You also learnt about Unified Modeling Language, or UML. UML is used to design a system using visual representations and diagrams. It is not a programming language. It is mainly divided into two categories: behavioral UML diagrams and structural UML diagrams, which show the dynamic and static nature of a system, respectively.